SCOPE OF PUBLICATION Language for Specific Purposes (LSP International, LSPI Journal) aims to provide a forum for Language for Specific Purposes researchers, practitioners and users from all over the world to exchange research findings, experience and view on matters related to the following areas: LSP, EAP and ESP, LSP and ESP initiatives (projects/techniques/innovations), LSP and ESP Teacher/Professional Training, Academic/Workplace Literacy, Discourse / Genre Analysis, Materials/Course Design, LSP and ESP Methodology, Testing and Evaluation, CALL & Professional Discourse and Communication. LSP International Journal is published online with a frequency of two issues per year (June and December). Indexed by: MyCite, Google Scholar, MyJurnal, UDLEDGE
The Effectiveness of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning on Improving Chinese EFL Students’ Vocabulary Learning
Mobile learning with its characteristics of flexibility and convenience in assisting students’ learning has become a new trend among language learners. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of mobile-assisted language learning(MALL) on improving Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ English scores in their vocabulary learning. The study employed 96 students in a Chinese University as the participants to verify whether the students’ English scores had been improved by having mobile-assisted language learning. Baicizhan App was selected as the instrument of mobile-assisted language learning for testing its effectiveness, due to the widespread application of the App in China. Pre-test and post-test were conducted and a semester of experiment with the application of Baicizhan App was carried out, with 48 students selected to be in the experimental class and 48 students in the control class. A duration of one semester was utilized to carry out the study. The results of the tests showed that mobile-assisted language learning had improved Chinese EFL students’ English scores in their vocabulary learning with the contribution of finding out an effective mode of teaching and learning vocabulary with Baicizhan App.
Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL), Constructivism, Vocabulary Learning, EFL, Baichizan App
Copyright (c) 2025 LSP International Journal
A Systematic Review on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Providing Feedback in Teaching Writing
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved in recent years, permeating many facets of human life. One of the noteworthy uses of AI in education is the provision of feedback, which plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ learning outcomes, particularly in writing skills. Providing feedback on students’ writings is important for both teachers and students. Feedback in writing is a fundamental aspect of teaching practice, and AI offers innovative solutions to enhance its effectiveness. This review performs a rigorous systematic review of the existing literature on the utilization of AI in educational feedback mechanisms. Through a meticulous examination of scholarly literature, this review synthesizes findings regarding the effectiveness, challenges, and future directions of AI-driven feedback mechanisms. The findings reveal the potential of AI in providing personalized and timely constructive feedback. However, it also addresses challenges like the integration of AI tools into pedagogical practices to cater students from different educational levels. Additionally, it identifies the gaps in the existing literature and offers insights into potential areas for further exploration and development to optimize AI-driven feedback in improving pupils’ writing skills. To improve writing instruction, this review hopes to serve as a valuable resource for educators, researchers and policymakers seeking to leverage AI for feedback provision.
Artificial Intelligence, Automated Feedback, Writing, Systematic Literature Review
Students' Perceptions of Learning-Oriented vs. Performance-Oriented Assessment Environments in ESL Primary Classrooms in Malaysia
This study investigates the perceptions of primary ESL students regarding learning-oriented and performance-oriented assessment environments in their classrooms. A total of 100 students from different schools responded to the Students' Perceptions of the Classroom Assessment Environment Scale (Alkharusi, 2011). The findings highlighted some of the main differences between the two approaches. In the learning-oriented environment, students valued teacher feedback, opportunities for self-correction, critical thinking, and activities relevant to their daily lives. This environment was related to more engagement, motivation, and general performance in school. Perceptions of the performance-oriented environment were mixed; students had concerns regarding the emphasis on grading, fairness, and the comparative nature of assessments. Many students still reported that tasks were appropriate for their level and related to classroom learning. The study underscores the importance of developing a supportive classroom assessment design that balances performance measurement with developmental support to improve students' learning experiences.
Classroom assessment, learning-oriented environment, performance-oriented environment, students’ perceptions, English as a second language (ESL)
Social Support-Seeking among People with Mental Illness on Social Media: A Systematic Review
With the rise of social media, understanding how people with mental health illnesses seek social support online is crucial for enhancing support mechanisms. This systematic review synthesises evidence on the information-seeking behaviours of individuals with mental illness on social media, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. A thorough search was done for studies published between 2014 and 2024 on PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies that looked at how people with mental health illness use social media to seek social support were required to meet inclusion criteria. A standardised form was used to extract the data, which were then qualitatively synthesised. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that people with mental illness use social media primarily to seek social support, share personal experiences, and gather information on symptoms, treatments and medications. Social media platforms like Facebook, X, and Reddit were commonly used. This review highlights that social media is a significant resource for people with mental illness’ information and support seeking. While it offers benefits, there are also concerns about the reliability of information and privacy issues. Future research should focus on interventions to enhance the positive impacts of social media on social support-seeking behaviours.
Social support, systematic review, mental health, mental illness, social media
The Representation of Tun Mahathir Pre and Post General Election 14: A Critical Discourse Analysis
This study employs Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine the representation of Tun Dr Mahathir in the context of the 14th General Election in Malaysia. CDA views language as a social practice (Mullet, 2018), shaping and shaped by power dynamics within society. The research focuses on the lexical choices and discourse structures in Utusan Malaysia’s coverage of Tun Dr Mahathir, both prior to and following his electoral victory. By applying Van Leeuwen’s framework (2008) for analyzing the representation of social actors (Fairclough & Wodak, 1997). This paper investigates how linguistic and social resources construct identities and social relations. Specifically, it investigates the nomination, identification, and functionalization of Tun Dr Mahathir, revealing the ideological implications of discourse in the portrayal of his prime ministerial role. The analysis spans a critical period, before the election (6 until 8 May 2018) and after the election (16 until 18 May 2018), highlighting shifts in discourse that may reflect changing power relations and institutional control of linguistic resources.
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Power, Identity, Representation
Exploring Collaborative Writing Between Human and ChatGPT 3.5
This study explored the purpose of collaborative writing between humans and AI using ChatGPT 3.5. The study aimed to answer two primary research questions: (1) “How effective was AI as a co-writer in a creative collaborative writing endeavor?” and (2) “How did humans perceive AI ability as a co-writer in a creative collaborative writing endeavor?” This study employed a case study and exploratory research design to investigate the effectiveness of AI technology in the collaborative writing process and to understand humans’ perceptions of AI writing. The study utilized a combination of short-story evaluation from ten short stories and semi-structured interviews with three participants. The short stories were evaluated by two experienced evaluators to assess the quality of the writing, while the semi-structured interviews provided insights into the participants’ perceptions of AI writing. The study also included a literature review of previous studies related to collaborative writing, human-AI collaborative writing, and perceptions of AI writing to establish a foundation of knowledge in the field. The findings and discussion addressed the potential benefits and challenges of integrating AI technology into collaborative writing processes, including sampling bias, the implementation of data collection methods, and rapid advancements in technology. Findings suggested that while AI technology serves as an effective co-writer, human perception of its contributions varies. The report concluded with recommendations for future research and the contributions of the study to both individuals and this field of study. Overall, this study provided valuable insights into the potential of collaborative writing between humans and AI and its implications for the future of writing and technology.
Artificial intelligence, ChatGPT 3.5, collaborative writing, human-AI collaboration, perception of AI writing
Wacana Ujaran Campur Kod Dalam Filem La Luna (2023)
Malaysia dikenali sebagai negara yang mempunyai masyarakat daripada pelbagai bangsa dan latar belakang. Oleh itu, penggunaan campur kod tidak asing lagi digunakan dalam komunikasi seharian. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaan campur kod dalam filem menyebabkan kekeliruan dalam kalangan masyarakat untuk memahami makna perkataan. Hal ini juga menyebabkan masyarakat lebih mudah untuk terpengaruh untuk menggunakan campur kod dalam kehidupan seharian. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti penggunaan campur kod dalam filem La Luna (2023) dan menganalisis faktor-faktor percampuran kod berdasarkan Teori Holmes (2008). Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif bagi mengumpulkan data kajian. Terdapat empat faktor yang dapat dikenal pasti iaitu faktor peserta, solidariti dan status, faktor topik, faktor kesan afektif dan faktor peminjaman leksikal. Dapatan kajian mendapati penggunaan campur kod dalam filem ini dapat menyampaikan naratif penceritaan dengan lebih tepat dan dapat memberikan kesan yang lebih dramatik. Namun, hal ini juga dapat memberikan kesan kepada pemahaman dan penggunaan bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan masyarakat.
Code-switching, discourse, speech, film, media
Eufemisme Haiwan dalam Masyarakat Orang Asli Suku Kaum Jakun: Analisis Teori Relativiti Linguistik
Penggunaan eufemisme dalam menyampaikan kepercayaan merupakan warisan budaya masyarakat tradisional yang masih diamalkan hingga kini. Walaupun banyak kajian telah dijalankan terhadap bahasa halus dalam kalangan masyarakat Orang Asli, Iban dan Melayu Sarawak, namun kajian mengenai eufemisme yang berkaitan dengan haiwan bagi masyarakat Orang Asli Jakun di Johor masih kurang diberikan perhatian. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti bentuk eufemisme yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Orang Asli di Kampung Tambak Dapor, Johor dan menganalisis sistem kepercayaan mereka berdasarkan Teori Relativiti Linguistik. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif menerusi temu bual secara spontan bersama Tok Batin dan warga tempatan sebagai informan utama. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa masyarakat Jakun menggunakan 10 istilah bahasa halus seperti kucing besar, mata kuning, dan pendantil bagi menggantikan nama sebenar haiwan yang dianggap sulit untuk disebut secara umum dalam sesetengah situasi. Analisis turut mendapati bahawa struktur bahasa halus yang digunakan mencerminkan cara masyarakat ini memahami realiti dan dunia ghaib berdasarkan pengalaman budaya yang diwarisi. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar dokumentasi eufemisme dalam kalangan masyarakat Orang Asli diperluas dan dimanfaatkan dalam pemeliharaan warisan linguistik negara.
Eufemisme, Bahasa Halus, Tabu, Orang Asli Jakun, Teori Relativiti Linguistik
English Language Needs in the Banking Sector in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam: A Systematic Review
English literacy has become a vital ability for professionals in the banking sector, especially in today’s globalised economy. This study examines eight publications from 2020 to 2024 on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in the banking area, focusing on changes in research distribution, methodological characteristics, sample sizes, and language skill focus. The analysis uses quantitative data analysis methodologies, with descriptive statistics used. The majority of articles come from countries where English is spoken as a foreign language, particularly Indonesia. Research in banking focuses on interdisciplinary disciplines, with a preference for university settings. Writing skills are crucial for curriculum development. Future research should explore workplace needs, use triangulation from multiple stakeholder groups, consider banking professionals' demands, and develop appropriate modules and learning aids. The research provides valuable insights into the evolving ESP research landscape in the banking sector, offering recommendations for further research and enhancement of educational methods.
English for Specific Purposes (ESP), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), English for Banking Purposes (EBP)
Antara Formaliti dengan Kelaziman: Penggunaan Slanga dalam Konteks Temu Duga Berbahasa Melayu dari Perspektif Pragmatik
Kajian ini meneliti persepsi mahasiswa Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) tentang penggunaan bahasa slanga dalam temu duga berbahasa Melayu serta strategi komunikasi yang sesuai untuk memastikan keseimbangan antara keaslian diri dengan profesionalisme. Penggunaan bahasa slanga sering kali dikaitkan dengan identiti sosial, ekspresi emosi dan keintiman kelompok, namun dalam konteks temu duga kerja, bentuk komunikasi ini berpotensi menjejaskan kredibiliti calon. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan mengedarkan soal selidik kepada 640 orang responden bagi mengenal pasti pandangan dan pilihan strategi komunikasi mereka. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa 64.1% responden bersetuju untuk menghindari penggunaan slanga dalam konteks temu duga dan memilih penggunaan bahasa formal sebagai strategi komunikasi utama. Walau bagaimanapun, sebahagian responden mencadangkan bahawa slanga masih boleh digunakan secara terhad dalam situasi tidak formal seperti perbualan tentang hobi atau ketika berinteraksi dengan penemu duga yang bersikap santai. Perbincangan kajian ini dirangka berdasarkan teori relevans (Sperber & Wilson, 1986) yang menekankan keseimbangan antara usaha pemprosesan maklumat dengan kesan kognitif dalam komunikasi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pemilihan bentuk bahasa dalam temu duga bukan sahaja bergantung pada kecekapan linguistik semata-mata, tetapi turut melibatkan kebolehan pragmatik dan kepekaan konteks sosial dan budaya. Implikasi kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa institusi pengajian tinggi perlu menyediakan latihan komunikasi berasaskan konteks dengan memberikan penekanan kepada penyesuaian bahasa mengikut industri dan situasi. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada wacana linguistik gunaan dan pembangunan kebolehpasaran graduan, khususnya dalam pengukuhan kemahiran komunikasi profesional dalam kalangan generasi muda yang dinamik dan berbilang gaya bahasa.
Bahasa slanga, temu duga pekerjaan, mahasiswa, komunikasi profesional, teori relevans
Penggunaan Slanga dalam Urusan Jual Beli di TikTok
The use of slang by sellers to attract buyers’ attention often leads to confusion, especially among new buyers or those unfamiliar with these terms, resulting in misunderstandings about products and influencing purchasing decisions. Therefore, this study aims to identify the characteristics of slang used by bundle sellers on TikTok and analyze its impact on communication and transaction effectiveness. The researcher uses a triangulation method to collect primary data, including observation, content analysis, surveys and interviews. Observations and content analysis of 13 live-stream sessions reveal that slang can be categorized into three main characteristics; changes in original meaning, borrowed vocabulary and newly created terms. Findings indicate that terms like net, kautim and joy buyer facilitate communication between sellers and experienced buyers. However, terms like skoda and jackpot cause confusion due to differing interpretations among users, depending on their backgrounds. Based on the Communication Accommodation Theory (1973), sellers’ efforts to adjust their communication can enhance engagement, but balance is necessary to avoid alienating new buyers. The implications of this study suggest that a simple glossary of slang terms should be developed as a reference, not only to improve buyers’ understanding but also to support inclusive and user-friendly communication strategies within the e-commerce industry. Consequently, this study reflects the evolution of digital language and opens up opportunities for further research on the linguistic influence on consumer behavior and transaction effectiveness in a competitive digital environment.
Slang, Bundle, Communication, Online Transactions, TikTok
Analisis Kecenderungan Penggunaan Percampuran Kod Bahasa Inggeris dalam Video Masakan di Tiktok
Percampuran kod sudah tidak asing lagi dalam setiap pertuturan majoriti masyarakat di Malaysia. Lazimnya, terdapat dua campuran bahasa yang sinonim digunakan iaitu, bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Inggeris. Fenomena ini semakin menjadi-jadi dan telah menjadi kebiasaan bagi segelintir masyarakat khususnya menerusi penggunaan media sosial di Tiktok. Tiktok merupakan sebuah platform yang menyajikan kandungan video berdurasi pendek yang lebih separuh penggunanya terdiri daripada golongan muda. Generasi muda beranggapan bahawa penggunaan percampuran kod tersebut membuatkan gaya komunikasi mereka terlihat lebih moden. Percampuran kod secara berlebihan telah mengganggu gugat martabat bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa ibunda di negara ini. Penggunaan bahasa Barat seperti bahasa Inggeris ini dalam pertuturan lebih meluas diguna pakai dalam Tiktok. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti percampuran kod dalam video masakan di Tiktok. Oleh hal yang demikian, pengkaji menganalisis percampuran kod dalam video masakan Tiktok berdasarkan pendekatan K. Kanthimathi (2007). Kajian kualitatif ini dijalankan menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian video dan juga analisis kandungan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa fenomena percampuran kod antara bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Inggeris banyak digunakan dalam video masakan di Tiktok. Kemudian, analisis berdasarkan pendekatan K.Kanthimathi (2007) menunjukkan penggunaan pelbagai bentuk percampuran kod dari segi fungsi sikap, fungsi ekspresi dan fungsi arahan.
Copyright (c) 2015 LSP International Journal
The Effects of Guided Reading Instruction on Elementary Students’ Accuracy and Comprehension
Guided reading instruction has been and remains a topic of interest among English teachers and language instructors due to the increased exposure to various schools of thought on teaching reading. Reading is a complex interaction process between the reader and the text that involves decoding and comprehension skills. Understanding guided reading instruction helps ease teachers' and learners' teaching and learning processes. The purpose of this study was to determine if guided reading positively affects elementary students' reading accuracy and comprehension. Data was collected through the use of Fountas and Pinnell running records and anecdotal records of 40 elementary students and interviews with teachers. The running records provided quantitative data on students’ reading accuracy and reading comprehension. Anecdotal records and teacher interview provided qualitative data based on the students' reading behaviours. The findings revealed that most students progress in their reading levels and improved in their accuracy and comprehension scores after the implementation of guided reading while the analysis revealed no significant difference in the relationship between guided reading instruction and Grade 1 reading comprehension. Comprehension skills need to be reinforced in the reading instruction constantly to strengthen elementary students’ reading comprehension. The implications of this study are that teachers should take advantage of this small group-based reading instruction to meet the needs of every reader in their classroom. This awareness could help teachers make more informed decisions and ultimately help aroused more attention in this area for improvement in reading.
Guided reading, reading accuracy, reading comprehension, running records, anecdotal records
Collaborative Governance in the Development of Tourism Destinations at the Betawi Cultural Village Setu Babakan, DKI Jakarta Province
This study focuses on the application of Collaborative Governance in the development of the Betawi Cultural Village tourism destination at Setu Babakan in DKI Jakarta. The aim is to explore the dynamics of collaboration involving various stakeholders, including government institutions, local communities, SMEs, cultural figures, the media, academics, and the private sector, in order to achieve effective management and promotion of the destination. This collaboration is considered essential for preserving the cultural appeal of Betawi as part of the local tourism identity. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, supported by the Collaborative Governance Regime framework from Emerson and Nabatchi (2015). This framework emphasizes the importance of long-term, flexible participation and horizontal relationships among stakeholders. The study's findings indicate several challenges, such as the lack of formal involvement between the parties engaged in the development of Setu Babakan. Additionally, the analysis shows that aspects such as the diversity of tourist attractions, community involvement, infrastructure, and promotion are also challenges in supporting Setu Babakan as a cultural destination. The research recommends the establishment of formal agreements through Memoranda of Understanding (MoU), the formation of a collaborative working team, and the development of digital platforms as communication media. These measures aim to enhance coordination, decision-making effectiveness, and strengthen relationships among stakeholders. Furthermore, the digital platform is expected to expand the promotion of Setu Babakan as a cultural destination, strengthen Betawi cultural assets, and support increased economic benefits for the local community.
Penginterpretasian Emosi Berdasarkan Lakuan Pertuturan dalam Rancangan Komedi Sepahtu Reunion Live 2020
Speech acts play a significant role in emotional development. Carrying an emotion affects a person in terms of language and behavior. This is related to the context and situation in understanding the relationship between language and emotion. This study was conducted to identify and analyze speech acts and their relationship with emotional development in the comedy show Sepahtu Reunion Live in 2020. The researchers only limited three episodes. The research method used by the researcher is a qualitative method by using library research method and text content analysis as a research approach. The identified speech acts were classified and analyzed using Searle's (1969) language act theory. This theory highlights five speech act categories which are assertive, expressive, directive, commissive and declarative. The results of the study found that four types of speech acts were used throughout the three episodes of Sepahtu Reunion Live 2020, namely assertive, directive, expressive and commissive speech acts. Assertive language behavior is the most dominant and most frequently used behavior, with 443 frequencies, followed by directive language behavior with 316 frequencies. Next, the third act that is frequently used is expressive language act, which is 91 times. However, declarative speech acts are not used in this show. This finding shows that assertive speech act is most often used because the presentation of the context of the story presented is to convey current issues that can be used as an example and benefit society.
Lakuan Pertuturan, interpretasi emosi, komedi, Sepahtu Reunion Live 2020, Searle (1969)
Shaping Scholars Across Borders: The Journey of Chinese Doctoral Students in Malaysia
There has been a surge in the number of individuals from China undertaking their doctoral studies in Malaysia. However, it is complicated to cultivate international doctoral students in an intercultural environment. Current research has been widely conducted to explore the experiences and qualities of international doctoral learning, but there is little attention paid to the transformation of the intercultural academic identity of the students. This study takes a perspective of acculturation theory to examine how Chinese international doctoral students reconstruct their academic identity in a new environment in Malaysia to complete their research goals. A qualitative semi-structured interview method was adopted to gain an in-depth perception, and 8 Chinese doctoral students in a Malaysian research-intensive university were interviewed. Themes are analyzed by using the software ATLAS.ti 24, and intercultural communication competence (ICC), intercultural supervision, and learning community influence the academic identity construction. Moreover, ICC is the core element, from which other relevant factors can play a more effective role in intercultural academic identity transformation. This research forms a model of how international doctoral students’ academic identity can be functionally constructed. Furthermore, it has implications for international students to improve their overall learning experiences and ultimately complete their PhD successfully.
Academic identity, International Doctoral Students, Intercultural Communication Competence (ICC), supervision, community
Copyright (c) 2024 LSP International Journal
Bahasa Melayu Lingua Franca UKM? Penggunaan Bahasa Melayu Merentasi Etnik Malaysia
Iklan merupakan suatu perihal menghebahkan atau memberitahu khalayak tentang sesuatu penghasilan produk dan perkhidmatan. Kebanyakan pengusaha atau pengiklan menggunakan media massa seperti televisyen untuk mempromosikan hasil produknya. Secara tidak langsung, lakuan pertuturan sebenarnya banyak diterapkan dalam ujaran para pengusaha, namun sukar untuk ditentukan jenis lakuan pertuturannya kerana kekeliruan dan kekurangan pemahaman tentang lakuan pertuturan. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis jenis lakuan pertuturan dalam iklan perniagaan D’herbs (seterusnya DH) dan Siti Khadijah (seterusnya SK) dalam rancangan Wanita Hari Ini (WHI) mengikut kriteria taksonomi Searle (1969). Kaedah kualitatif iaitu analisis kandungan teks digunakan sebagai pendekatan kajian untuk mengumpul data mengenai jenis-jenis lakuan pertuturan. Kaedah ini dipilih kerana setiap ujaran bagi setiap pengusaha undangan dan pengacara dalam rancangan tersebut akan diteliti dan dikategorikan mengikut jenis lakuan pertuturan teori Searle (1969). Ujaran peserta kajian akan ditranskrip daripada audio kepada teks dengan menggunakan kaedah transkripsi. Data utama kajian diperoleh daripada rancangan WHI sebagai platform utama di samping iklan DH dan SK. Secara keseluruhan, dapatan menunjukkan jenis lakuan pertuturan yang dinyatakan oleh Searle (1969), iaitu asertif, ekspresif, direktif dan komisif diaplikasikan oleh para penutur. Setiap ujaran menandakan satu bentuk arahan yang mendorong pendengar untuk mengambil tindakan berdasarkan hajat komunikatif penutur. Kajian ini diharapkan mampu menjadi sumbang saran kepada pengusaha-pengusaha untuk menggunakan ujaran yang menggabungkan lakuan pertuturan yang sesuai sejajar dengan kebolehan kognitif penonton, sekali gus memastikan lakuan ilokusinya difahami oleh pelanggan dengan jelas. Teori lakuan pertuturan Searle (1969) didapati amat sesuai untuk meningkatkan kefahaman khalayak tentang maksud komunikatif penutur. Justeru, penyampaian maklumat yang berkesan dengan menggunakan lakuan pertuturan yang tepat mampu memberi impak positif kepada negara dan masyarakat secara amnya, sekali gus menyumbang kepada wacana yang lebih baik. Oleh hal yang demikian, kajian ini menjadi suatu keperluan untuk dijalankan atas impak positifnya. This study investigates the frequency of Malay language usage among multi-racial students at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in interpersonal and public communications. A quantitative survey of 284 undergraduate students was conducted, utilizing a five-point Likert scale questionnaire to assess Malay language proficiency and usage. The findings reveal a disparity in Malay language usage across different social contexts. While Malay is frequently employed among peers, its prevalence diminishes in interactions with strangers and in public settings such as shopping malls and healthcare facilities. Moreover, the study underscoresthe continued dominance of English in certain aspects of respondents' communication and daily affairs at UKM. These results highlight a need for targeted initiatives to promote Malay language usage among UKM students, particularly in domains where its prevalence is lower. Such interventions could contribute to strengthening linguistic diversity and fostering national unity within the Malaysian community.
Lakuan pertuturan, iklan perniagaan, Teori Lakuan Pertuturan Searle (1969), pengusaha, media massa
War and Death Imagery in Ernest Hemingway’s Novel ‘‘For Whom the Bell Tolls’’
This qualitative study employs van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine Ernest Hemingway's "For Whom the Bell Tolls," focusing on the depiction of violence and death. The impact of the novel on American English literature is significant, influencing narratives of war and human conflict. This study addresses a gap in existing research by analyzing images of violence and death at both micro and macro levels through CDA. The objectives include uncovering the ideological and power structures within the text, as revealed through stylistic methods, symbolism, and linguistic techniques. By reviewing previous studies on Hemingway's portrayal of the Spanish Civil War and its effects on individuals, the research highlights the central role of the protagonists in these depictions. CDA is employed to reveal deeper meanings and expose inherent power structures and ideological frameworks. Notable findings include insights into themes of alienation, mortality, and human psychology during conflict. The study aims to enhance the understanding of Hemingway's narrative, contributing new perspectives on the complexities of war and its impact on the human condition.
Penginterpretasian Ujaran Ilokusi dalam Mengungkapkan Hubungan Saling Memahami: Pemanfaatan Iklan Perniagaan D'Herbs dan Siti Khadijah di Rancangan Wanita Hari Ini (WHI)
Iklan merupakan suatu perihal menghebahkan atau memberitahu khalayak tentang sesuatu penghasilan produk dan perkhidmatan. Kebanyakan pengusaha atau pengiklan menggunakan media massa seperti televisyen untuk mempromosikan hasil produknya. Secara tidak langsung, lakuan pertuturan sebenarnya banyak diterapkan dalam ujaran para pengusaha, namun sukar untuk ditentukan jenis lakuan pertuturannya kerana kekeliruan dan kekurangan pemahaman tentang lakuan pertuturan. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis jenis lakuan pertuturan dalam iklan perniagaan D’herbs (seterusnya DH) dan Siti Khadijah (seterusnya SK) dalam rancangan Wanita Hari Ini (WHI) mengikut kriteria taksonomi Searle (1969). Kaedah kualitatif iaitu analisis kandungan teks digunakan sebagai pendekatan kajian untuk mengumpul data mengenai jenis-jenis lakuan pertuturan. Kaedah ini dipilih kerana setiap ujaran bagi setiap pengusaha undangan dan pengacara dalam rancangan tersebut akan diteliti dan dikategorikan mengikut jenis lakuan pertuturan teori Searle (1969). Ujaran peserta kajian akan ditranskrip daripada audio kepada teks dengan menggunakan kaedah transkripsi. Data utama kajian diperoleh daripada rancangan WHI sebagai platform utama di samping iklan DH dan SK. Secara keseluruhan, dapatan menunjukkan jenis lakuan pertuturan yang dinyatakan oleh Searle (1969), iaitu asertif, ekspresif, direktif dan komisif diaplikasikan oleh para penutur. Setiap ujaran menandakan satu bentuk arahan yang mendorong pendengar untuk mengambil tindakan berdasarkan hajat komunikatif penutur. Kajian ini diharapkan mampu menjadi sumbang saran kepada pengusaha-pengusaha untuk menggunakan ujaran yang menggabungkan lakuan pertuturan yang sesuai sejajar dengan kebolehan kognitif penonton, sekali gus memastikan lakuan ilokusinya difahami oleh pelanggan dengan jelas. Teori lakuan pertuturan Searle (1969) didapati amat sesuai untuk meningkatkan kefahaman khalayak tentang maksud komunikatif penutur. Justeru, penyampaian maklumat yang berkesan dengan menggunakan lakuan pertuturan yang tepat mampu memberi impak positif kepada negara dan masyarakat secara amnya, sekali gus menyumbang kepada wacana yang lebih baik. Oleh hal yang demikian, kajian ini menjadi suatu keperluan untuk dijalankan atas impak positifnya. Advertisement is a matter of publicizing or informing the audience about a production of products and services. Most entrepreneurs or advertisers use mass media such as television to promote their products. Indirectly, speech acts are widely applied in the speech of entrepreneurs, but it is difficult to determine the type of speech acts due to confusion and lack of understanding of speech acts. Thus, this study aims to identify and analyze the types of speech acts in the D'herbs and Siti Khadijah commercials in the Women's Show (WHI) when the sponsored segment is broadcast according to the taxonomic criteria presented by Searle (1969). Qualitative methods, namely text content analysis, are used as a research approach to collect data on the types of speech acts. This method was chosen because every speech for every invited entrepreneur and lawyer in the show will be examined and categorized according to the type of speech act of Searle's theory (1969). The speech of the study participants will be transcribed from audio to text using the transcription method. The main data of the study are the utterances of every entrepreneur and lawyer which contains aspects of speech acts. Overall, the findings show the types of speech acts stated by Searle (1969), namely assertive, expressive, directive and commissive applied by the speakers. Each utterance signifies a form of command that prompts the listener to take action based on the speaker's communicative intent. This study is expected to be able to give suggestions to entrepreneurs to use utterances that combine appropriate speech acts in line with the audience's cognitive abilities, thus ensuring that illocutionary acts are clearly understood by customers. Searle's Speech Act Theory (1969) was found to be very suitable for improving the audience's understanding of the speaker's communicative intent. Thus, the effective delivery of information by using the correct speech act can have a positive impact on the country and society in general, thus contributing to a better discourse. Therefore, this study becomes a necessity to be carried out for its positive impact.
UKM TESL Students’ Perceptions and Satisfaction on the Use of Flipped Classroom Approach
The emergence of the internet and its widespread use are apparent, demanding more tech-savvy teaching methods implementation. The flipped classroom technique is one of the most recent technology-based teaching models. This research aims to identify students’ (TESL Students of Faculty of Education, UKM) satisfaction levels and perceptions about learning through the flipped classroom approach. 100 respondents participated in this mixed method research through questionnaire and eight respondents were selected for semi-structured interview. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS. The results showed that generally, the respondents’ feedback on satisfaction levels in learning when flipped classroom approach is implemented is proven to be positive with an overall mean score of 3.90. The data reveals that students perceive flipped classrooms as a beneficial teaching tool. Besides discussing implications, suggestions for future research in flipped classroom context have also been detailed.
Perceptions of Kindergarten EFL Teachers towards Teaching Pronunciation to Chinese Learners
The involvement of China with global organizations and institutions has raised the significance of English as a subject in Chinese schools. Although kindergarten English education plays a key role in the development of children’s language learning, there is limited research on English teaching in kindergartens in China, particularly in the essential skill of pronunciation. In this article, we approach this gap in knowledge by examining the perceptions of Chinese EFL teachers towards teaching pronunciation in kindergartens. The research involved a mixed-methods research design with a sequential explanatory design which collected data through a survey of 108 participants that was followed by in-depth individual interviews with five participants. The findings from the analysis of descriptive statistics and thematic analysis indicated that while Chinese EFL teachers in kindergartens perceive the teaching of English pronunciation as important, the teachers face many challenges in the teaching process and require more purposeful training. It is hoped that the findings can provide some insights to stakeholders in kindergarten English education in China and EFL contexts that face similar challenges.
China, English, preschool, quality education, training
A Case Study of Malaysian Radio Announcers’ Code-Switching
This study explores the code-switching patterns among Malaysian radio announcers, particularly the respective types and functions, focusing on bilingual radio announcers from Malaysia radio stations. Despite the frequency of code-switching studies in Malaysia, limited studies have focused on the use of code-switching in the context of broadcast media. The study draws on qualitative approach with a case study design to explore the code-switching patterns among Malaysian radio announcers. Data were collected from the respective online radio platforms, Hitz FM and Mix FM, where the instances of code-switching were transcribed. Utilising the typology of code-switching by Poplack (1980), the research identifies tag switching as the most prevalent form of code-switching, followed by intra-sentential switching with a preference for Malay nouns. By incorporating the theory of conversational functions of code-switching by Gumperz (1977), it was revealed that Malaysian radio announcers mainly use code-switching for interjections, followed by qualifying messages, reiteration, and quotation. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that emphasising the role of code-switching as a communication strategy is important for catering to a diverse audience.
Code-switching, radio announcer, bilingual, multilingual
Bilingual Virtual Toolkit Let's Twist as a Tool to Improve Pronunciation: A Case of Al-Saadah Complex
This study examined how well the Bilingual Virtual Toolkit (BVT) Let's Twist tool, used in an online Moodle learning environment, addressed pronunciation issues among English and Malay second language learners at Al-Saadah Complex. 18 students' pronunciation abilities were evaluated using a pre-test/post-test design; via qualitative action research utilizing pre-test and post-test. The findings showed that the provided pronunciation variations demonstrated a range of phonological errors and substitutions deemed common among second-language learners of English. Each variation reflected unique challenges influenced by the learners' native dialects and phonetic patterns. 15 of the participants had improved their pronunciation of challenging English sounds like [s] and [t]. Three pupils, however, persisted in having problems, which might be related to underlying speech impediments. The BVT Let's Twist program has shown potential as a useful instrument for enhancing pronunciation, highlighting the significance of incorporating interactive, learner-centered techniques into digital language learning platforms for second language learners.
Bilingual, virtual toolkit, tongue twister, speaking skills, pronunciation
Pedagogical Practices of Speaking Skill Instruction in Secondary Schools
Effective speaking skills are crucial in language education as they enhance communication and boost confidence in various social and professional settings. The research attempts to identify the various techniques, methods, and strategies employed by secondary level English teachers in teaching speaking skills at secondary level. The study employed descriptive survey design with a quantitative approach to investigate speaking skill instruction in Lumbini province, Nepal. The target population included 480 secondary-level English teachers with a minimum of five years of teaching experience. Stratified simple random sampling ensured representation from community and institutional schools. Data collection utilized a structured questionnaire with 45 open-ended questions, distributed electronically to ensure anonymity. Findings revealed disparities in time allocation for speaking instruction between community and institutional schools. Most teachers allocate one or two periods per week, with institutional schools dedicating more time. Emphasis on fluency, accuracy, or both varies, with a majority focusing on both aspects. Learner-centered techniques are favored for engaging students, with role play and prepared talks common activities. Motivational techniques include questioning, classroom discussions, and role assignment. Preferred pronunciation improvement techniques involve imitation and recording exercises. Materials like pictures and newspapers are frequently used, while audio devices are favored for teaching. Testing techniques focus on oral questions and picture description. Preferred teaching techniques include picture describing and dialogue/interview/prepared talks. Effective classroom environment and management emphasize well-managed classrooms and limited student numbers. Overall, practices in institutional schools show a greater emphasis on learner-centered approaches and varied activities compared to community schools.
Language Pedagogy, Teacher Strategies, Student Engagement, Assessment Methods, Instructional Techniques
Intersemiotic Complementarity in Tourism Promotional Video About Qingdao
As an important coastal tourist city in China, Qingdao has a pleasant climate, a combination of Chinese and Western cultures, and rich tourism resources. To promote Qingdao as a tourist destination, tourism organizations in Qingdao have launched a series of promotional videos through the Internet, TV and other media, which have become important media for people to know Qingdao. As a multimodal discourse for conveying tourism information, tourism promotional videos integrate sound, text, image and other symbolic resources to establish the city’s destination image. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the verbal and visual modes of the tourism promotional video About Qingdao on YouTube in a multimodal discourse analysis approach to acknowledge how verbal and visual modes work together to construct meanings. The study employs a qualitative research design, and specifically employed Royce’s Intersemiotic Complementarity Framework to analyze the relationship between the verbal texts and visual images of the promotional video About Qingdao. The verbal texts were extracted through NVIVO, and the visual images were obtained via the video editing application Adobe Premiere Pro. The verbal and visual data were analyzed through NVIVO 12 by encoding the participants, processes and circumstances of the clauses and images. The study found that the frequently used ideational intersemiotic relation between visual and verbal modes are repetition and hyponymy. The complementarity of the two modes portrays the positive destination image of Qingdao, thereby publicizing the attractiveness of Qingdao.
Multimodal discourse analysis, intersemiotic complementarity, tourism promotional video
A Case Study of Teacher’s Questioning in Chinese College EFL Classrooms
Reviews from prior research indicated that in EFL classrooms, teachers have a tendency to favor lower-level questions over higher-level ones. Therefore, this case study primarily aims to examine the types of questions proposed by Chinese college EFL teachers and the impact of teacher’s questioning techniques on the cultivation and engagement of students’ higher-order thinking skills. The current qualitative study utilized classroom observations to collect data regarding teacher’s questioning. The data collected from class observations were anlyzed using content analysis both in quantitative and qualitative way. The results of this study indicated that the participating teachers posed a higher percentage of lower-level cognitive questions than higher-level ones. The study also revealed weaknesses in the responding teachers’ questioning skills that could foster students’ higher order thinking. The findings are attributed to a lack of professional knowledge of HOTS instruction and the rigid curricula. Furthermore, future studies should focus on how to integrate higher-cognitive questions into Chinese college EFL classrooms.
Teacher’s questioning, higher-order thinking, Bloom’s Taxonomy, question types, EFL classrooms
Implikatur dalam Drama Qanun 99: Analisis Linguistik Forensik Berdasarkan Teori Relevans
The legal and judicial fields help in upholding the justice of society using the evidence that has been collected. However, utterances can be manipulated during court hearings or investigations to mask the true meaning. This has caused the existence of implicature in speech. This requires the court to properly assess all the statements made by both the plaintiff and the defendant before making any decision. Therefore, the objective of this study focuses on analyses the implicature using the Theory of Relevance (1986). Relevance Theory (1986) has three main principles which are context, contextual effect and processing effort which can help the legal side in making the right decision. This qualitative study uses the observation technique of speech in the context of the drama Qanun 99. The researcher will transcribe the audio of the speech in text form to collect data. The researcher conducted a content analysis of the text using Relevance Theory. The findings of this study show that the results for each case handled by the judiciary and the attorney are relevant because there is a lot of reinforcement in the contextual effect that makes the processing effort for the authority is low. Overall, the Qanun 99 drama has shown the efficiency of the attorney and the judiciary in making a relevant decision by examining all aspects of the implicature of a statement. Keywords: Implicature, Relevance theory (1986), linguistic forensics, context, law Bidang perundang-undangan dan kehakiman merupakan satu bidang yang membantu dalam menegakkan keadilan masyarakat menggunakan bukti-bukti yang diperoleh. Walau bagaimanapun, ujaran boleh dimanipulasi semasa perbicaraan mahkamah atau penyiasatan berlangsung bagi menutupi maksud sebenar. Hal ini menyebabkan wujudnya implikatur dalam ujaran dan memerlukan pihak mahkamah untuk menilai dengan baik segala ujaran yang dituturkan oleh kedua-dua pihak plaintif dan juga defendan sebelum membuat sebarang keputusan. Oleh yang demikian, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis implikatur yang terdapat dalam drama Qanun 99 menggunakan teori relevan oleh Sperber dan Wilson (1986). Teori Relevans mempunyai tiga prinsip utama, iaitu konteks, kesan konteks dan usaha memproses yang mampu membantu pihak perundang-undangan dalam membuat keputusan yang tepat. Kajian kualitatif dimanfaatkan dalam kajian ini dengan mengaplikasikan teknik pemerhatian terhadap ujaran dalam konteks drama Qanun 99. Pengkaji menjalankan transkripsi audio ujaran dalam bentuk teks dengan menggunakan teori relevans. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan keputusan bagi setiap kes yang dikendalikan oleh pihak kehakiman dan pihak peguam bela adalah relevan kerana terdapat banyak pengukuhan dalam kesan konteks yang menjadikan usaha memproses pihak berkuasa adalah rendah. Secara keseluruhannya, drama Qanun 99 menunjukkan kecekapan para peguam bela dan pihak kehakiman dalam membuat sesuatu keputusan yang relevan dengan meneliti segala aspek implikatur sesuatu ujaran. Kata kunci: Implikatur, Teori Relevan (1986), Linguistik Forensik, Konteks, Perundang-undangan
Keywords: Implicature, Relevance theory (1986), linguistic forensics, context, law; Kata kunci: Implikatur, Teori Relevan (1986), Linguistik Forensik, Konteks, Perundang-undangan
Antropomorfisme dalam Lagu Dikir Barat Berunsurkan Haiwan: Analisis Tahap Kefahaman Para Pendengar
Lagu merupakan gubahan seni nada atau suara disertakan dengan muzik yang mempunyai kesatuan dan kesinambungan. Pada sesebuah lagu terdapat penulisan lirik yang bersifat tersurat atau tersirat. Pada lirik lagu, terdapat beberapa unsur yang boleh diselitkan, antaranya ialah unsur Antropomorfisme yang sering kali dijumpai dalam lirik lagu dikir barat. Hal ini demikian kerana, penggunaan unsur antropomorfisme dalam lirik lagu dikir barat membuatkan para pendengar kurang memahami maksud sebenar yang ingin disampaikan oleh penulis lirik. Justeru, kajian ini memfokuskan antropomorfisme dalam lagu dikir barat yang berunsurkan haiwan seperti kambing, ketam, tikus, ular dan kucing. Objektif kajian ini adalah mengenal pasti elemen antropomorfisme berunsurkan haiwan dalam lagu dikir barat berserta menganalisis kefahaman para pendengar lagu dikir barat terhadap elemen antropomorfisme. Reka bentuk kajian ini ialah berbentuk kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan, temu bual spontan dan edaran borang soal selidik. Dapatan bagi kajian ini ialah responden memberi jawapan bahawa kefahaman mereka memperoleh penilaian pengkaji pada tahap yang tinggi iaitu majoriti memahami akan makna di sebalik lirik lagu tesebut. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi impak yang positif dan menjadi rujukan kajian lanjutan. The song is a composition of art involving sound or voice accompanied by music that has unity and continuity. Within a song, there are lyrics that can be either explicit or implicit. In the lyrics, several elements can be included, one of which is anthropomorphism, frequently found in the lyrics of dikir barat songs. This is because the use of anthropomorphism in dikir barat lyrics can lead listeners to have difficulty understanding the true meaning intended by the lyricist. Therefore, this study focuses on anthropomorphism in dikir barat songs featuring animals such as goats, crabs, rats, snakes, and cats. The objective of this study is to identify the elements of animal-related anthropomorphism in dikir barat songs and to analyze listeners' understanding of these elements. The study design is qualitative, employing literature review, spontaneous interviews, and distribution of questionnaires. The findings indicate that respondents report a high level of understanding, with the majority grasping the meaning behind the lyrics. This study is hoped to have a positive impact and serve as a reference for further research.
Lirik lagu, dikir barat, antropomorfisme, haiwan, muzik
Song lyrics, dikir barat, anthropomorphism, animals, music
Strategi Ketidaksantunan Bahasa dalam Animasi Bersiri Kanak-Kanak Upin & Ipin Musim Ke-14
Kemunculan heterogen animasi bersiri semakin mendapat tempat dalam kalangan kanak-kanak. Namun begitu, terdapat sesetengah animasi bersiri yang menyasarkan golongan setahun jagung ini dikesan mempunyai ujaran dan perilaku ketidaksantunan. Oleh itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengkategorikan penggunaan strategi ketidaksantunan bahasa dalam animasi bersiri kanak-kanak, “Upin & Ipin” musim ke-14 dengan mengaplikasikan Teori Ketidaksantunan Culpeper (1996) dan seterusnya menganalisis penggunaan strategi ketidaksantunan tersebut. Kaedah yang digunakan dalam makalah ini ialah kaedah pemerhatian dan transkripsi dialog yang diujarkan oleh watak-watak dalam 15 buah episod animasi bersiri kanak-kanak "Upin & Ipin" musim ke-14. Data yang diperoleh diaplikasikan dalam bentuk jadual dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan teks, iaitu penggiliran dialog oleh watak yang terdapat dalam animasi tersebut. Dapatan kajian dikategorikan kepada lima strategi ketidaksantunan, iaitu ketidaksantunan secara langsung, ketidaksantunan positif, ketidaksantunan negatif, penggunaan sindiran dan menahan kesantunan. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa strategi ketidaksantunan negatif mencatatkan kekerapan paling tinggi, iaitu sebanyak 19 ujaran daripada 46 ujaran keseluruhan. Kekerapan strategi menahan kesantunan pula mencatatkan kekerapan terendah, iaitu sebanyak 2 ujaran. Kesimpulannya, animasi bersiri kanak-kanak juga tidak terlepas daripada penggunaan strategi ketidaksantunan bahasa ini. Penggunaan ujaran yang menzahirkan ketidaksantunan haruslah ditegah supaya tidak menjadi barah kepada generasi akan datang. Kata kunci: Ketidaksantunan, kanak-kanak, animasi, Culpeper (1996), ujaran The diverse appearance of animated serials is gaining traction among children. However, several serial animations target this set of children who have been indicated to have impolite speech and behaviour. As a result, the purpose of this study is to categorise and analyse the usage of language impoliteness strategies in the children's animated series "Upin & Ipin" season 14 using Impoliteness Theory by Culpeper (1996). This study employs observing and transcribing dialogues uttered by characters in 15 episodes of the children's animated series "Upin & Ipin" season 14. The data collected is applied in the form of a table and analysed using the text content analysis method, which is the rotation of the dialogue by the animated characters. The findings of the study are classified into five impoliteness strategies: bald on-record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm or mock politeness, and withhold politeness. According to the study's findings, the negative impoliteness strategies had the highest frequency, with 19 utterances out of a total of 46 utterances. The frequency of the withhold politeness strategies was the lowest, at 2 utterances. In conclusion, children's animated series are not exempted from using this language impoliteness strategy. The use of impolite phrases should be avoided so that it does not become a disease for future generations. Keywords: Impoliteness, children, animations, Culpeper (1996), utterances
Ketidaksantunan, kanak-kanak, animasi, Culpeper (1996), ujaran; Impoliteness, children, animations, Culpeper (1996), utterances
Exploring the Potential of Video Games in Enhancing Language Learning
In the past few years, computer games have become popular as immersive language learning tools which help students to improve their language skills. This paper seeks to find out if video games can be used to improve language learning and to see the positive aspects of video games for this task. The participant for this research is based on 58 participants who had taken an English language class at a university in Johor; from which eight volunteers were selected for the interview. In our study we used mixed-method approach, and a survey was carried out by asking students questions about their general perceptions of the usage of video games for learning in the English language as well as getting to know challenges that students are facing while using these games to practice the language. Overall, they had a positive attitude towards video games in an educational environment. The findings highlight the significance of putting technology integration into education since online video games are a very convenient tool in stimulating their active participation learning English and communicative diversity.
Video games, cooperative learning, technology integration, game-based language learning, immersive tools, mixed-method approach