DEVELOPMENT OF BIOGRANULES IN A PILOT-SCALE SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR TREATING ACTUAL TEXTILE WASTEWATER

Authors

  • Ranjeni Krishnen Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Azmi Aris Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security, Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Khalida Muda Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Normala Hashim Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Zaharah Ibrahim Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Mohd Razman Salim Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security, Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v79.10659

Keywords:

Biogranules, textile, prototype, color, SBR, pineapple wastewater

Abstract

A pilot-scale sequential batch reactor (SBR) biogranular system for the treatment of actual textile wastewater was developed in this study. The reactor had a working volume of 70 L and was operated according to SBR’s sequence for 24-hr cycle, which includes sequential anaerobic and aerobic reaction phases. Wastewater from two textile mills were used as feed, while sewage and pineapple wastewater were used as co-substrate. After operating the system for 60 d, 30% of the sludge had transformed into biogranules and had increased to 67% at the end of the study. The biogranules developed in the reactor have sizes ranging from 0.2 mm to 9.5 mm with a mean settling velocity of 28 ± 7 m/hr and sludge volume index of 73.9 mL/g. At the end of the study, the system yields 92% removal of COD, but the color removal oscillated throughout the development period in the range of 50 to 70%. Although the biogranules development is much faster in lab-scale reactor under controlled environment, the findings indicate the feasibility of developing biogranules in a bigger scale reactor using actual textile wastewater and other high-strength biodegradable wastewater as co-substrate. 

Author Biographies

  • Ranjeni Krishnen, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Department of Environmental Engineering
    Faculty of Civil Engineering. UTM
  • Azmi Aris, Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security, Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Director
    Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security
  • Khalida Muda, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Head of Department

    Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering. UTM
  • Normala Hashim, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering
  • Zaharah Ibrahim, Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences

    Faculty of Biosciences & Medical Engineering (FBME)

  • Mohd Razman Salim, Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security, Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security  Department of Environmental Engineering,   Faculty of Civil Engineering

References

Rajaguru, P. K. K., Palanivel, M. and Subburam, V. 2000. Biodegradation of Azo Dyes in Sequential Anaerobic-aerobic System. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 54: 268-273.

Franciscon, E., Mendonça, D., Seber, S., Morales, D. A., Zocolo, G. J., Zanoni, M. B., Grossman, M. J., Durrant, L. R., Freeman, H. S. and Umbuzeiro, G. A. 2015. Potential of a Bacterial Consortium to Degrade Azo Dye Disperse Red 1 in a Pilot Scale Anaerobic-aerobic Reactor. Process Biochemistry. 50(5): 816-825.

Weber, S. D., Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K. H. and Fried, J. 2007. Microbial Composition and Structure of Aerobic Granular Sewage Biofilms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 73(19): 6233-6240.

Liu, Y. and Tay, J. H. 2004. State of the Art of Biogranulation Technology for Wastewater Treatment. Biotechnology Advances. 22(7): 533-563.

Ibrahim, Z., Amin, M. F. M., Yahya, A., Aris, A. and Muda, K. 2010. Characteristics of Developed Biogranules containing Selected Decolourising Bacteria for the Degradation of Textile Wastewater. Water Science and Technology. 61(5): 1279-1288.

Ni, B. J., Xie, W. M., Liu, S. G., Yu, H. Q., Wang, Y. Z., Wang, G. and Dai, X. L. 2009. Granulation of Activated Sludge in a Pilot-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor for the Treatment of Low-Strength Municipal Wastewater. Water Research. 43(3): 751-761.

Liu, Y.Q., Moy, B., Kong, Y. H. and Tay, J. H. 2010. Formation, Physical Characteristics and Microbial Community Structure of Aerobic Biogranules in a Pilot-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor for Real Wastewater Treatment. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 46(6): 520-525.

Jungles, M. K., Figueroa, M., Morales, N., Val del Río, Ã., da Costa, R. H. R., Campos, J. L., Mosqueraâ€Corral, A. and Méndez, R. 2011. Startup of a Pilot Scale Aerobic Granular Reactor for Organic Matter and Nitrogen Removal. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 86(5): 763-768.

Isanta, E., Suárez-Ojeda, M. E., del Río, Ã. V., Morales, N., Pérez, J. and Carrera, J. 2012. Long Term Operation of a Granular Sequencing Batch Reactor at Pilot Scale Treating a Low-Strength Wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal. 198: 163-170.

Muda, K., Aris, A., Salim, M. R., Ibrahim, Z., Yahya, A., van Loosdrecht, M. C., Ahmad, A. and Nawahwi, M. Z. 2010. Development of Granular Sludge for Textile Wastewater Treatment. Water Research. 44(15): 4341-4350.

Federation, W. E. and APH Association. 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association (APHA): Washington, DC, USA.

Ghangrekar, M. M., Asolekar, S. R. and Joshi, S. G. 2005. Characteristics of Sludge Developed under Different Loading Conditions during UASB Reactor Start-up and Granulation. Water Research. 39(6): 1123-1133.

McSwain, B. S., Irvine, R. L. and Wilderer, P. A. 2004. The Influence of Settling Time on the Formation of Aerobic Biogranules. Water Science and Technology. 50(10): 195-202.

Qin, L., Liu, Y. and Tay, J. H. 2004. Effect of Settling Time on Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactor. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 21(1): 47-52.

Hemalatha, R. and Anbuselvi, S. 2013. Physicohemical Constituents of Pineapple Pulp and Waste. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 5(2): 240-242.

Zheng, Y.M., Yu, H.Q. and Sheng, G.P. 2005. Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Granular Activated Sludge from a Sequencing Batch Airlift reactor. Process biochemistry. 40(2): 645-650.

Kushwaha, J. P., Srivastava, V. C. and Mall, I. D. 2013. Sequential Batch Reactor for Dairy Wastewater Treatment: Parametric Optimization; Kinetics and Waste Sludge Disposal. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 1(4): 1036-1043.

Tay, J. H., Liu, Q. S. and Liu, Y. 2001. Microscopic Observation of Aerobic Granulation in Sequential Aerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 91(1): 168-175.

Schwarzenbeck, N., Borges, J. M. and Wilderer, P. A. 2005. Treatment of Dairy Effluents in an Aerobic Granular Sludge Sequencing Batch Reactor. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 66(6): 711-718.

Sobeck, D.C. and Higgins, M.J. 2002. Examination of Three Theories for Mechanisms of Cation-Induced Bioflocculation. Water Research. 36(3): 527-538.

Ren, T. T., Liu, L., Sheng, G. P., Liu, X. W., Yu, H. Q., Zhang, M. C. and Zhu, J. R. 2008. Calcium Spatial Distribution in Aerobic Biogranules and Its Effects on Biogranule Structure, Strength and Bioactivity. Water Research. 42(13): 3343-3352.

Adav, S. S., Lee, D. J., Show, K. Y. and Tay, J. H. 2008. Aerobic Granular Sludge: Recent Advances. Biotechnology advances. 26(5): 411-423.

Solís, M., Solís, A., Pérez, H. I., Manjarrez, N. and Flores, M. 2012. Microbial Decolouration of Azo Dyes: A Review. Process Biochemistry. 47(12): 1723-1748.

Al-Amrani, W. A., Lim, P. E., Seng, C. E. and Ngah, W. S. W. 2014. Factors Affecting Bio-decolorization of Azo Dyes and COD Removal in Anoxic–Aerobic REACT Operated Sequencing Batch Reactor. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 45(2): 609-616.

Panswad, T. and Luangdilok, W. 2000. Decolorization of Reactive Dyes with Different Molecular Structures under Different Environmental Conditions. Water Research. 34(17): 4177-4184.

Libra, J. A., Borchert, M., Vigelahn, L. and Storm, T. 2004. Two Stage Biological Treatment of a Diazo Reactive Textile Dye and the Fate of the Dye Metabolites. Chemosphere. 56(2): 167-180.

Sponza, D. T. and Işık, M. 2005. Reactor Performances and Fate of Aromatic Amines through Decolorization of Direct Black 38 Dye under Anaerobic/Aerobic Sequentials. Process Biochemistry. 40(1): 35-44.

Ong, S. A., Toorisaka, E., Hirata, M. and Hano, T. 2005. Treatment of Azo Dye Orange II in a Sequential Anaerobic and Aerobic-Sequencing Batch Reactor System. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2(4): 203-207.

Pandey, A., Singh, P. and Iyengar, L. 2007. Bacterial Decolorization and Degradation of Azo Dyes. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 59(2): 73-84.

Nawaz, M. S. and Khan, S. J. 2013. Effect Of HRT On SBR Performance for Treatability of Combined Domestic and Textile Wastewaters. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan. 35(2): 527-532.

Sathian, S., Rajasimman, M., Radha, G., Shanmugapriya, V. and Karthikeyan, C. 2014. Performance of SBR for the Treatment of Textile Dye Wastewater: Optimization and Kinetic Studies. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 53(2): 417-426.

Kee, T. C., Bay, H. H., Lim, C. K., Muda, K. and Ibrahim, Z. 2015. Development of Bio-biogranules using Selected Mixed Culture of Decolorizing Bacteria for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater. Desalination and Water Treatment. 54(1): 132-139.

Abu-Ghunmi, L. N. and Jamrah, A. I. 2006. Biological Treatment of Textile Wastewater using Sequencing Batch Reactor Technology. Environmental Modeling & Assessment. 11(4): 333-343.

Downloads

Published

2017-08-28

Issue

Section

Science and Engineering

How to Cite

DEVELOPMENT OF BIOGRANULES IN A PILOT-SCALE SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR TREATING ACTUAL TEXTILE WASTEWATER. (2017). Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), 79(6). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v79.10659