TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POTENTIAL BIO-BASED LUBRICANTS FROM RBD PALM STEARIN AND PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v79.11893Keywords:
, Bio-based lubricants, wear, coefficient of friction, surface roughness, extreme pressureAbstract
Palm-based oil properties, which consist of long fatty acid chains, have the potential to replace current mineral oils. Recent studies have shown that palm-based oil has comparable lubricating properties to those of commercial engine oil. However, several palm oil products yet to be discover as lubricants such as RBD Palm Stearin (RBD PS) and Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) due to its solid form properties. In this study, both RBD PS and PFAD has been tested for the suitability as lubricant in the tribological experiments consists of anti-wear test and extreme pressure test according to ASTM standards of D4172 B and 2783 respectively. In ASTM D4172 B, test has been conducted with 40kg load and 1200 rpm speed at 75°C in duration of 60 minutes while in ASTM 2783 the temperature and speed are remain constant at 45°C and 1760 rpm in duration of 10 minutes with increasing loads until failure detected. Mineral Oil (MO) has been used as a direct comparison between commercial engine oil and bio-based palm oil. Results shows PFAD has recorded lowest average coefficient of friction (COF), wear scar diameter (WSD) and surface roughness at 0.038, 433µm and 0.188µm in anti-wear test. In the extreme pressure test, RBD PS shows the earliest failure of 4mm wear scar diameter at 126kg followed by palm fatty acid distillate and mineral oil at 130kg and 146kg load.
References
Loredana. P, Cosmina. P, Geza. B, Gabriela. V, Remus N. 2008. Basestock Oils for Lubricants from Mixtures of Corn Oil and Synthetic Diesters. Journal of America Oil Chemical Society. 85: 71-6.
Campanella, A., Rustoy, E., Baldessari, A., & Baltanás, M. A. 2010. Lubricants from Chemically Modified Vegetable Oils. Bioresource Technology. 101: 245-254.
Shahabuddin, M. Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Bhuiya, M. M., & Mehat, H. 2013. Comparative Tribological Investigation of Bio-lubricant Formulated from a Non-edible Oil Source (Jatropha Oil). Industrial Crops and Products. 47: 323-330.
Hwang, H.S. and Erhan, S.Z. 2002. Lubricant Base Stocks from Modified Soybean Oil. AOCS Press: Champaign, IL. 20-34.
Ing, T. C., Rafiq, A. K. M., Syahrullail, S. 2011. Friction Characteristic of Jatropha Oil using Fourball Tribotester. Regional Tribology Conference – RTC2011, Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia. 204: 402.
A. Kleinová, P. Fodran, L. BrnÄalová, and J. CvengroÅ¡. 2008. Substituted Esters of Stearic Acid as Potential Lubricants. Biomass Bioenergy. 32: 366-371.
Asadaukas, S., Perez J. M., Duda J. L. 1996. Oxidative Stability and Antiwear Properties of High Oleic Vegetable Oils. Journal of Lubrication Engineering. 52(12): 877-882.
Asadauskas S., Perez, J. M., Duda, J. L. 1997. Lubrication Properties of Castor Oil–Potential Basestock for Biodegradable Lubricant. Journal of Lubrication Engineering. 53(12): 35-40.
Odi-Owei, S. 1988. Tribological Properties of Some Vegetable Oils and Fats. Journal of Lubrication Engineering. 45(11): 685-690.
Kozma, M. 1997. Investigation into the Scuffing Load Capacity of Environmentally Friendly Lubricating Oils. Journal of Synthetic Lubrication. 14(3): 249-258.
Golshokouh, S. Syahrullail, F. Nasir Ani, and H. H. Masjuki. 2013. Investigation of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate as an Alternative Lubricant of Petrochemical Based Lubricants, Tested at Various Speeds. Int. Rev. Mech. Eng. 7(1): 72-80.
I. Golshokouh, M. Golshokouh, F. N. Ani, E. Kianpour, and S. Syahrullail. 2013. Investigation of Physical Properties for Jatropha Oil in Different Temperature as Lubricant Oil. Life Sci. J. 10(8):110-119.
American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM). ASTM D4172–94. 2010. Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristic of Lubricating Fluid (Four-Ball Method).
Maliar. T., Achanta. S., Cesiulis. H. and Drees. D. 2015. Tribological Behaviour of Mineral and Rapeseed Oils Containing Iron Particles. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology. 67(4): 308-314.
N. Sapawe, S. Syahrullail and M. I. Izhan. 2014. Evaluation on the Tribological Properties of Palm Olein in Different Loads Applied Using Pin-on-disk Tribotester. Jurnal Tribologi. 3: 11-29.
Syahrullail, S., Azwadi, C. S. N. and Ing, T. C. 2011. The Metal Flow Evaluation of Billet Extruded with RBD Palm Stearin. International Review of Mechanical Engineering. 5(1): 21-27.
Farhanah, A. N., & Syahrullail, S. 2016. Evaluation of Lubricanttion Performance of RBD Palm Stearin and Its Formulation Under Different Applied Loads. Jurnal Tribologi. 10: 1-15.
Aiman, Y. & Syahrullail, S. 2017. Development of Palm Oil Blended with Semi Synthetic Oil as a Lubricant Using Four-Ball Tribotester. Jurnal Tribologi. 13: 1-20.
Syahrullail, S., Nakahashi, K. and Kamitani, S. 2005. Investigation of the Effects of Frictional Constraint with Application of Palm Olein Oil Lubricant and Paraffin Mineral Oil Lubricant on Plastic Deformation by Plane Strain Extrusion. Japanese Journal of Tribology. 50(6): 727-738.
Mahdi, E. S., Sakeena, M. H., Abdulkarim, M. F., Abdullah, G. Z., Sattar, M. A., and Noor, A. M. 2011. Effect of Surfactant and Surfactant Blends on Pseudoternary Phase Diagram Behavior of Newly Synthesized Palm Kernel Oil Esters. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 5: 311-323.
Ing, T. C., Rafiq, A. K. M., Azli, Y. and Syahrullail, S. 2012. Tribological Behaviour of Refined Bleached and Deodorized Palm Olein in Different Loads Using a Four-ball Tribotester. Scientia Iranica. 19: 1487-1492.
Binfa Bongfa, Peter. A. Atabor, Atuci Banabas and M.O. Adeoti. 2015. Comparison of Lubricant Properties of Castor Oil and Commercial Engine Oil. Jurnal Tribologi. 5: 1-10.
Farhanah and Bahak. 2015. Engine Oil Wear Resistance. Jurnal Tribologi. 4: 10-20.
Bowden, F. P. and Tabor, D. 2001. The Nature of Metallic Wear, The Friction and Lubrication of Solids. Oxford Classic Texts. New York: Oxford University Press. 285-98.
Tung, S. C., McMillan, M. L. 2004. Automotive Tribology Overview of Current Advances and Challenges for the Future. Tribology International. 37(7): 517-536.
Rudnick, L. R. 2009. Lubricant Additives Chemistry and Application. 2nd Ed. United State of America: Taylor & Francis. 3-50.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
