THE EFFECT OF ZNO NANOPARTICLES ON THE PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN/GELATIN HYDROGEL FILMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v81.12605Keywords:
Chitosan, gelatin, hydrogel film, ZnO nanoparticles, antibacterialAbstract
Apart from biocompatibility, hydrogel films with good physical, morphology, swelling, and antibacterial properties are required for biomedical applications. In this study, the effects of nanofiller (i.e., zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles) on physical, morphology, swelling, and antibacterial properties of hydrogel film were investigated. The new chitosan/gelatin/ZnO hydrogel films were synthesized using solution casting method by blending the chitosan and gelatin solutions with ZnO nanoparticles. The use of glycerol (plasticizing agent) could enhance the durability and flexibility of the hydrogel film. From the FTIR results, it was found that chemical reactions occurred of gelatin was between 1500 cm-1 to 800 cm-1. On the other hand, the SEM results showed that the pore size distribution within the hydrogel film varied from 20µm to 700µm. The antibacterial properties ZnO hydrogel film against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were evaluated using the zone of inhibition method. The antibacterial activity (against the S. aureus bacteria) of the new ZnO hydrogel film was more promising than that of the nanoparticle-free hydrogel film. The current findings showed that the new chitosan/gelatin/ZnO hydrogel film could be used in biomedical application.Â
References
Chang, Y., Xiao, L., and Tang, Q. 2009. Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Thermosensitive Hydrogel Based on Chitosan and Gelatin Blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 113(1). DOI: 10.1002/app.
Park, M., Kyoung, H., Kim, B., Jin, M., Kim, I., Park, B., and Kim, H. 2015. Effect of Discarded Keratin-Based Biocomposite Hydrogels on the Wound Healing Process in VivoMater. Sci. Eng. C. 55: 88-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.033.
Nasreen, Z., Khan, M. A., and Mustafa, A. I. 2016. Improved Biodegradable Radiation Cured Polymeric Film Prepared from Chitosan-Gelatin Blend. J. Appl. Chem. 2016(1): 1-11. DOI: 10.1155/2016/5373670.
Moura, L. I. F., Dias, A. M. A., Carvalho, E., and de Sousa, H. C. 2013. Recent Advances on the Development of Wound Dressings for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment—A Review. Acta Biomater. 9(7): 7093-7114. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.033.
Patel, S., Srivastava, S., Singh, M. R., and Singh, D. 2017. Preparation and Optimization of Chitosan-Gelatin Films for Sustained Delivery of Lupeol for Wound HealingInt. J. Biol. Macromol. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.056.
Dhandayuthapani, B., Krishnan, U. M., and Sethuraman, S. 2010. Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan-Gelatin Blend Nanofibers for Skin Tissue. Engineering. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 264-272. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31651.
Hendriks, J., Riesle, J., and Blitterswijk, C. A. van. 2010. Co-Culture in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 4(7): 524-531. DOI: 10.1002/term.
Nagahama, H., Maeda, H., Kashiki, T., Jayakumar, R., Furuike, T., and Tamura, H. 2009. Preparation and Characterization of Novel Chitosan/Gelatin Membranes Using Chitosan Hydrogel. Carbohydr. Polym. 76(2): 255-260. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.10.015.
Ahmad, M. Bin, Lim, J. J., Shameli, K., Ibrahim, N. A., and Tay, M. Y. 2011. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles in Chitosan, Gelatin and Chitosan/gelatin Bionanocomposites by a Chemical Reducing Agent and Their Characterization. Molecules. 16(9): 7237-7248. DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097237.
Hajji, S., Salem, R. B. S.-B., Hamdi, M., Jellouli, K., Ayadi, W., Nasri, M., and Boufi, S. 2017. Nanocomposite Films Based on Chitosan–poly(vinyl Alcohol) and Silver Nanoparticles with High Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 111: 112-121. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2017.06.018.
Liu, Y., and Kim, H. Il. 2012. Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Genipin-crosslinked Chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol)/ZnO/Ag Nanocomposites. Carbohydr. Polym. 89(1): 111-116. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.058.
Pas, V., and Paul, M. 2012. The Alginate/K-Carrageenan Ratio’S Influence on the Properties of the Cross-Linked Composite Filmsp. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 536(1): 418-423. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.12.026.
Liu, J., Zhan, X., Wan, J., Wang, Y., and Wang, C. 2015. Review for Carrageenan-Based Pharmaceutical Biomaterials : Favourable Physical Features versus Adverse Biological Effects. Carbohydr. Polym. 121: 27-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.063.
Sirelkhatim, A., Mahmud, S., Seeni, A., Kaus, N. H. M., Ann, L. C., Bakhori, S. K. M., Hasan, H., and Mohamad, D. 2015. Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Mechanism. Nano-Micro Lett. 7(3): 219-242. DOI: 10.1007/s40820-015-0040-x.
Kanmani, P., and Rhim, J. W. 2014. Properties and Characterization of Bionanocomposite Films Prepared with Various Biopolymers and ZnO Nanoparticles. Carbohydr. Polym. 106(1): 190–199. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.007.
Shankar, S., Teng, X., Li, G., and Rhim, J. 2016. Preparation , Characterization : And Antimicrobial Activity of Gelatin / ZnO Nanocomposite Films. Food Hydrocoll. 45(March 2015): 264-271. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.12.001.
Serpone, N., Dondi, D., and Albini, A. 2007. Inorganic and Organic UV Filters : Their Role and Efficacy in Sunscreens and Suncare Products. Inorganica Chimica Acta. 360: 794-802. DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.12.057.
Borkow, G., Gabbay, J., Dardik, R., Eidelman, A. I., Lavie, Y., Grunfeld, Y., Ikher, S., Huszar, M., Zatcoff, R. C., and Marikovsky, M. 2010. Molecular Mechanisms of Enhanced Wound Healing by Copper Oxide-Impregnated Dressings. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 18(2): 266-275. DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2010.00573.x.
Al-Gaashani, R., Radiman, S., Tabet, N., and Daud, A. R. 2011. Effect of Microwave Power on the Morphology and Optical Property of Zinc Oxide Nano-Structures Prepared via a Microwave-assisted Aqueous Solution Method. Mater. Chem. Phys. 125(3): 846-852. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.09.038.
Yuvaraja, G., Pathak, J. L., Weijiang, Z., Yaping, Z., and Jiao, X. 2017. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Antibacterial and Wound Healing Properties of Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/ Zinc Oxide Beads (CS /PVA/ZnO). Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 103: 234-241. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.020.
Sudheesh Kumar, P. T., Lakshmanan, V. K., Anilkumar, T. V., Ramya, C., Reshmi, P., Unnikrishnan, A. G., Nair, S. V., and Jayakumar, R. 2012. Flexible and Microporous Chitosan Hydrogel/nano ZnO Composite Bandages for Wound Dressing: In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 4(5): 2618-2629. DOI: 10.1021/am300292v.
Mohandas, A., Sudheesh Kumar, P. T., Raja, B., Lakshmanan, V. K., and Jayakumar, R. 2015. Exploration of Alginate Hydrogel/nano Zinc Oxide Composite Bandages for Infected WoundsInt. J. Nanomedicine. 10: 53-56. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S79981.
Chang, Y., and Xiao, L. 2010. Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Drug Delivery System: Biodegradable Nanoparticles in Thermosensitive Chitosan/gelatin Blend Hydrogels. J. Macromol. Sci. Part A Pure Appl. Chem. 47(6): 608-615. DOI: 10.1080/10601321003742147.
Mi, F. L. 2005. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Chitosan-Gelatin Bioconjugate with Fluorescence Emission. Biomacromolecules. 6(2): 975-987. DOI: 10.1021/bm049335p.
Hoque, M. S., Benjakul, S., Prodpran, T., and Songtipya, P. 2011. Properties of Blend Film Based on Cuttlefish (Sepia Pharaonis) Skin Gelatin and Mungbean Protein IsolateInt. J. Biol. Macromol. 49(4): 663-673. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.06.028.
Shankar, S., Teng, X., and Rhim, J. 2014. Effects of Concentration of ZnO Nanoparticles on Mechanical, Optical, Thermal, and Antimicrobial Properties of Gelatin/ZnO Nanocomposite Films. Korean Journal of Packaging Science & Technology. 20(2): 41-49.
Arefi, M. R., and Rezaei-Zarchi, S. 2012. Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Effect on the Compressive Strength and Setting Time of Self-Compacted Concrete Paste as Cementitious CompositesInt. J. Mol. Sci. 13(4): 4340-4350. DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044340.
Olaru, A. M., Marin, L., Morariu, S., Pricope, G., Pinteala, M., and Tartau-Mititelu, L. 2018. Biocompatible Chitosan Based Hydrogels for Potential Application in Local Tumour Therapy. Carbohydr. Polym. 179(August 2017): 59-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.066.
Shankar, S., Teng, X., and Rhim, J. 2014. Properties and Characterization of Agar/CuNP Bionanocomposite Films Prepared with Different Copper Salts and Reducing Agents. Carbohydr. Polym. 114: 484-492. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.036.
Kanmani, P., and Rhim, J. W. 2014. Properties and Characterization of Bionanocomposite Films Prepared with Various Biopolymers and ZnO Nanoparticles Carbohydr. Polym. 106(1): 190-199. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.007.
Oun, A. A., and Rhim, J. 2017. Food Hydrocolloids Carrageenan-Based Hydrogels and Fi Lms : Effect of ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles on the Physical , Mechanical, and Antimicrobial Properties. Food Hydrocoll. 67: 45-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.12.040.
Mohammadi, A., Nassiri, R., Sheibani, S., Ariffin, F., and Karim, A. A. 2013. Preparation and Characterization of Bionanocomposite Films Filled with Nanorod-Rich Zinc OxideCarbohydr. Polym. 96(1): 233-239. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.055.
Akhlaghi, S., Kalaee, M., Mazinani, S., Jowdar, E., Nouri, A., Sharif, A., and Sedaghat, N. 2012. Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Isothermal Cure Kinetics, Morphology and Mechanical Properties of EPDM Rubber. Thermochim. Acta. 527: 91-98. DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2011.10.015.
Oun, A. A., and Rhim, J. 2017. Food Hydrocolloids Carrageenan-Based Hydrogels and Fi Lms : Effect of ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles on the Physical , Mechanical, and Antimicrobial Properties. Food Hydrocoll. 67: 45-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.12.040.
Tseng, H., Tsou, T., Wang, H., and Hsu, S. 2011. Characterization of Chitosan – Gelatin Scaffolds for Dermal. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 7(1): 20-31 DOI: 10.1002/term.
Anitha, S., Brabu, B., John Thiruvadigal, D., Gopalakrishnan, C., and Natarajan, T. S. 2013. Optical, Bactericidal and Water Repellent Properties of Electrospun Nano-Composite Membranes of Cellulose Acetate and ZnO Carbohydr. Polym. 97(2): 856-863. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.003.
Nafchi, A. M., Alias, A. K., Mahmud, S., and Robal, M. 2012. Antimicrobial, Rheological, and Physicochemical Properties of Sago Starch Films Filled with Nanorod-Rich Zinc Oxide. J. Food Eng. 113(4): 511-519. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.07.017.
Paisoonsin, S., Pornsunthorntawee, O., and Rujiravanit, R. 2013. Preparation and Characterization of ZnO-Deposited DBD Plasma-Treated PP Packaging Film with Antibacterial Activities. Appl. Surf. Sci. 273: 824-835. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.03.026.
Niranjan, R., Koushik, C., Saravanan, S., Moorthi, A., Vairamani, M., and Selvamurugan, N. 2013. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules A Novel Injectable Temperature-Sensitive Zinc Doped Chitosan / ⤠-Glycerophosphate Hydrogel for Bone Tissue Engineering. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 54: 24-29.
Li, X. fang, Feng, X. qiang, Yang, S., Fu, G. qing, Wang, T. pu, and Su, Z. xing. 2010. Chitosan Kills Escherichia Coli through Damage to Be of Cell Membrane Mechanism. Carbohydr. Polym. 79(3): 493-499. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.07.011.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
