Prototyping of Polymer based Microbioreactors: Micromachining by using Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) and Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Polymer Materials

Authors

  • Hazwan Halimoon Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Muhd Nazrul Hisham Zainal Alam Process Systems Engineering Centre, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v63.1320

Keywords:

Microbioreactor, polymers, microfabrication, casting, and micromachining

Abstract

Polymers have been widely accepted as materials for the fabrication of microbioreactor prototypes. In this work, microfabrication strategies namely the micromachining and casting (soft lithography) with the use poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymers as substrates for fabrications were discussed in details. A step-by-step illustration (including examples on digital prototyping of the microbioreactor by using a computer-aided-design (CAD) software) for the above mentioned micromachining procedures, and discussions on the necessary design considerations were presented as well. In the work, we showed the simplicity of such machining procedures for the fabrication of microbioreactor prototypes. It was confirmed that through micromachining, microbioreactor prototypes can be fabricated by using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymers with high precision (down to one tenth of mm). It was also demonstrated that the processing time for the fabrication of the microbioreactor prototypes was in the order of few hours and maybe days for a complex reactor design.

 

Author Biography

  • Muhd Nazrul Hisham Zainal Alam, Process Systems Engineering Centre, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

References

Schäpper, D., Zainal Alam, M. N. H., Szita, N., Lantz, A. E., Gernaey, K. V. 2009. Application of Microbioreactors in Fermentation Process Development: A Review. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 395: 679–695.

Xie, D. 2012. Using an Advanced Microfermentor System for Strain Screening and Fermentation Optimization. Methods in Molecular Biology. 834: 217–231

Szita, N., Bocazzi, P., Zhang, Z., Boyle, P., Sinskey, A. J., and Jensen, K. F. 2005. Development of A Multiplexed Microbioreactor System for High-Throughput Bioprocessing. Lab on a Chip. 5: 819–826.

Lee, H. L., Bocazzi, P., Ram, R. J., and Sinskey, A. J. 2006. Microbioreactor Arrays with Integrated Mixers and Fluid Injectors for High Throughput Experimentation with Ph and Dissolved Oxygen Control. Lab on a Chip. 6: 1229–1235.

Zhang, Z., Perozziello, G., Boccazzi, P., Sinskey, A. J., Geschke, O. and Jensen, K. F. 2007. Microbioreactors for Bioprocess Development. Association for Laboratory Automation. 12: 143–151.

Bower, D. M., Lee, K. S., Ram, R. J. and Prather, K. L. J. 2012. Fed-Batch Microbioreactor Platform for Scale Down and Analysis of a Plasmid DNA Production Process. Biotechnology & Bioengineering. 109(8): 1976–1986.

Schäpper, D., Stocks, S. M., Szita, N., Lantz, A. E., and Gernaey, K. V. 2010. Development of a Single-use Microbioreactor for Cultivation of Microorganisms. Chemical Engineering Journal. 160: 891–898.

Edlich, A., Magdanz, V., Rasch, D., Demming, S., Zadeh, S. A., Segura, R., Ka¨hler, C., Radespiel, R., Bu¨ttgenbach, S., Franco-Lara, E and Krull, R. 2010. Microfluidic Reactor for Continuous Cultivation of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. American Institute of Chemical Engineers. 26(5): 1259–1270.

Zainal Alam, M. N. H., Pinelo, M., Samantha, K., Jonsson, G., Meyer, A., and Gernaey, K. V. 2010. A Continuous Membrane Microbioreactor System for Development of Integrated Pectin Modification and Separation Processes. Chemical Engineering Journal. 167: 418–426.

Becker, H. and Gärtner, C. 2008. Polymer Microfabrication Technologies for Microfluidic Systems. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 390: 89–111.

Mcdonald, J. C. and Whitesides, G. M. 2012. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) as a Material for Fabricating Microfluidic Devices. Accounts of Chemical Research. 35(7): 491–499.

De Jong, J., Lammertink, G. H., and Wessling, M. 2006. Membranes and microfluidics: a review, Lab on a Chip. 6: 1125–1139.

Starr, C. 2005. Biology: Concepts and Applications. Thomson Brooks/Cole. ISBN 0-534-46226-X.

Zhang, Z., Szita, N., Boccazzi, G., Sinskey, A. J. and Jensen, K. F. 2005. A Well-Mixed, Polymer-Based Microbioreactor with Integrated Optical Measurements. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 93: 287–296.

Shuler, M. L. and Kargi, F. 2002. Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts. 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey, US.

Downloads

Published

2013-07-11

Issue

Section

Science and Engineering

How to Cite

Prototyping of Polymer based Microbioreactors: Micromachining by using Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) and Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Polymer Materials. (2013). Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), 63(1). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v63.1320