A NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF MAGNETIC HEATING TO CRUDE OIL-NANOFLUID FLOW FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

P. H. Tan; K. S. Fong; A. Y. Mohd Yassin; M. Latheef

doi:10.11113/jt.v82.14116

Authors

P. H. Tan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
K. S. Fong Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
A. Y. Mohd Yassin School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
M. Latheef Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v82.14116

Keywords:

Nanoparticles, nanofluids, crude oil, finite element method, magnetic heating, EOR

Abstract

Magnetic heating of crude oil mixed with nanoparticle for heat transfer mechanism enhancement has received much attention in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In the present work, the heat transfer of Fe₃O₄, Al₂O₃, CuO, Cu nanoparticles mixed in crude oil is theoretically investigated. The mathematical model of magnetic field heating in reservoir is represented by the channel flow of crude oil-nanofluid subjected to a longitudinal spatially varying magnetic field. The viscous incompressible flow is bounded by nonisothermal walls. The coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are solved numerically using an unconditionally stable time integration and finite element method. The numerical results are validated against data available in literature. The physical aspects of the crude oil-nanofluid flow and heat transfer are discussed in terms of several pertinent parameters such as solid nano fraction, skin friction, magnetic, Hartmann and Nusselt numbers. It is found that the enhancement of heat transfer increases with the magnetic number and solid nano fraction while decreases with the increase in Hartmann number. It is shown that, the addition of nanoparticle and increment of magnetic number is effective in the localised heating. In addition, the heat transfer of Fe₃O₄, Al₂O₃, CuO, Cu nanoparticles in crude oil mixed are investigated and assessed against each other. It is observed that, the heating mechanism would not be as effective for high electrically conducting nanoparticles. The results also indicate that nanoparticle with high thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity is preferable in obtaining susceptible thermal heating for the EOR.

References

M. Blunt, F. J. Fayers, and F. M. Orr Jr. 1993. Carbon Dioxide in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Energy Conversion and Management. 34(9-11): 1197-1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(93)90069-M.

S. Thomas. 2008. Enhanced Oil Recovery-An Overview. Oil & Gas Science and Technology-Revue de l'IFP. 63(1): 9-19. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2007060.

I. D. Gates and S. R. Larter. 2014. Energy Efficiency And Emissions Intensity of Sagd. Fuel. 115: 706-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.073.

G. Giacchetta, M. Leporini, and B. Marchetti. 2015. Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (Sagd) Facility for Oil Recovery from Canadian Oil Sands. Applied Energy. 142: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.057.

K. Jha and A. Chakma. 1999. Heavy-oil Recovery from Thin Pay Zones by Electromagnetic Heating. Energy Sources. 21(1-2): 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00908319950014966.

A. Chhetri and M. Islam. 2008. A Critical Review of Electromagnetic Heating for Enhanced Oil Recovery. Petroleum Science and Technology. 26(14): 1619-1631. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916460701287607.

R. W. Fox, A. T. McDonald, and P. J. Pritchard. 1985. Introduction to Fluid Dynamics. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 354.

A. Bera and T. Babadagli. 2015. Status of Electromagnetic Heating for Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery and Future Prospects: A Review. Applied Energy. 151: 206-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.031.

A. Sadeghi, H. Hassanzadeh, and T. G. Harding. 2017. A Comparative Study of Oil Sands Preheating Using Electromagnetic Waves, Electrical Heaters and Steam Circulation. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 111: 908-916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.04.060

Y. H. Shokrlu and T. Babadagli. 2014. Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Oil/Bitumen Using Micro-and Nano-metal Particles During Aqueous and Non-aqueous Thermal Applications. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 119: 210-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2014.05.012.

M. M. Abdulrahman and M. Meribout. 2014. Antenna Array Design for Enhanced Oil Recovery Under Oil Reservoir Constraints with Experimental Validation. Energy. 66: 868-880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.002.

J. Greff and T. Babadagli. 2013. Use of Nano-metal Particles as Catalyst Under Electromagnetic Heating for In-situ Heavy Oil Recovery. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 112: 258-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2013.11.012.

R. Santoso, S. Rachmat, A. Resha, W. Putra, H. Hartowo, O. Setiawati et al. 2016. An Investigation of Fe2o3 Nanoparticles Diffusion into Oil for Heat Transfer Optimisation on Electromagnetic Heating for Well Stimulation and eor. SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. 1em plus 0.5em minus 0.4em Society of Petroleum Engineers, https://doi.org/10.2118/182152-MS.

A. Davidson, C. Huh, S. L. Bryant et al. 2012. Focused Magnetic Heating Utilizing Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Improved Oil Production Applications. SPE International Oilfield Nanotechnology Conference and Exhibition. 1em plus 0.5em minus 0.4em Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/157046-MS.

M. Liu, G. Zhao et al. 2013. A Performance Comparison Study of Electromagnetic Heating and Sagd Process. SPE Heavy Oil Conference-Canada. 1em plus 0.5em minus 0.4em Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/165547-MS.

A. Davletbaev, L. Kovaleva, and T. Babadagli. 2014. Heavy Oil Production by Electromagnetic Heating in Hydraulically Fractured Wells. Energy & Fuels. 28(9): 5737-5744. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef5014264.

M. Bientinesi, L. Petarca, A. Cerutti, M. Bandinelli, M. De Simoni, M. Manotti, and G. Maddinelli. 2013. A Radiofrequency/Microwave Heating Method for Thermal Heavy Oil Recovery Based on a Novel Tight-shell Conceptual Design. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 107: 18-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2013.02.014.

B. Ghasemi, S. Aminossadati, and A. Raisi. 2011. Magnetic Field Effect on Natural Convection in a Nanofluid-filled Square Enclosure. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 50(9): 1748-1756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2011.04.010.

M. Mansour and M. Bakier. 2015. Influence of Thermal Boundary Conditions on Mhd Natural Convection in Square Enclosure Using Cu-Water Nanofluid. Energy Reports. 1: 134-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2015.03.005.

M. Sheikholeslami and D. D. Ganji. 2014. Ferrohydrodynamic and Magnetohydrodynamic Effects on Ferrofluid Flow and Convective Heat Transfer. Energy. 75: 400-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.07.089.

N. S. Gibanov, M. A. Sheremet, H. F. Oztop, and O. K. Nusier. 2017. Convective Heat Transfer of Ferrofluid in A Lid-driven Cavity with a Heat-conducting Solid Backward Step Under the Effect of a Variable Magnetic Field. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications. 72(1): 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407782.2017.1353377.

M. Sheikholeslami, M. Gorji-Bandpy, and D. Ganji. 2014. Investigation of Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Presence of Magnetic Field Using Kkl Model. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 39(6): 5007-5016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1060-4.

R. E. Rosensweig. 2013. Ferrohydrodynamics. Courier Corporation.

G. D. Smith. 1985. Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations: Finite Difference Methods. Oxford University Press.

H. K. Versteeg and W. Malalasekera. 2007. An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Finite Volume Method. Pearson Education.

H. Matsuki, K. Yamasawa, and K. Murakami. 1977. Experimental Considerations on a New Automatic Cooling Device Using Temperature-Sensitive Magnetic Fluid. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 13(5): 1143-1145. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.1977.1059679.

K. Khanafer, K. Vafai, and M. Lightstone. 2003. Buoyancy-driven Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Two-dimensional Enclosure Utilizing Nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 46(19): 3639-3653. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(03)00156-X.

H. Brinkman. 1952. The Viscosity of Concentrated Suspensions and Solutions. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 20(4): 571-571. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1700493.

J. C. Maxwell. 1881. A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. Clarendon Press. 1.

G. de Vahl Davis. 1983. Natural Convection of Air in a Square Cavity: A Bench Mark Numerical Solution. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids. 3(3): 249-264. https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650030305.

W. Rukthong, P. Piumsomboon, W. Weerapakkaroon, and B. Chalermsinsuwan. 2016. Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of a Crude Oil Transport Pipeline: Effect of Crude Oil Properties. Engineering Journal (Eng. J.). 20(3): 145-154. https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2016.20.3.145.

M. Mohammadi and F. Mohammadi. 2016. Parametric Study on Electrical Conductivity of Crude Oils; Basis Experimental Data. Petroleum & Coal. 58(6).

M. Sheikholeslami, S. Abelman, and D. D. Ganji. 2014. Numerical Simulation of Mhd Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Considering Viscous Dissipation. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 79: 212-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.08.004.