INCORPORATION OF ACALYPHA INDICA EXTRACT IN POLYVINYL ALCOHOL HYDROGELS: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, ANTIBACTERIAL AND CELL COMPATIBILITY ANALYSES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14763Keywords:
Acalypha indica, polymer hydrogel, wound healing, antibacterial, biocompatibleAbstract
Acalypha indica (A. indica) possesses antibacterial properties and has capability to accelerate wound healing due to its active therapeutic compounds of flavonoid and alkaloid. The incorporation of A. indica extracts in polymer hydrogels is useful for wound treatment, despite the advancement in synthetic medicines and drugs. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels with different concentrations of A. indica extract (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg) were fabricated. The ATR-FTIR spectra testified the presence of A. indica in the hydrogels. More enormous spotted agglomerations were visualized on the higher concentrations of A. indica hydrogels. The A. indica hydrogels became less moisture, more hydrophobic and has low water uptake ability compared to the control hydrogel (without A. indica). The antibacterial activities of the hydrogels against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were acted in a dose-dependent manner where higher inhibition zones and higher bacterial retardations were recorded on the hydrogels with higher concentrations of A. indica. The incorporation of A. indica (1.0 - 1.5 mg/mL) has also induced cell viability, cell migration, and proliferation of the human skin fibroblasts. Therefore, optimization of the A. indica hydrogels is crucial in accommodating the bi-functional properties of antibacterial and biocompatibility for wound treatment.
References
Ali, A. M., Mackeen, M. M., Ei-Sharkawy, S. H., Hamid, J. A., Ismail, N. H., Ahmad, F. B., and Lajis, N. H. 1996. Antiviral and Cytotoxic Activities of Some Plants Used in Malaysian Indigenous Medicine. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science. 19(2/3): 129–136.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558411417864
Begam, T., Nagpal, A. K., and Singhal, R. 2003. A Comparative Study of Swelling Properties of Hydrogels Based on Poly ( acrylamide- co -methyl methacrylate ) Containing Physical and Chemical Crosslinks. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 89: 779–786.
Boateng, J. S., Matthews, K. H., Stevens, H. N. E., and Eccleston, G. M. 2008. Wound Healing Dressings and Drug Delivery Systems : A Review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 97(8): 2892–2923.
Chen, H., Zhang, E., and Yang, K. 2014. Microstructure, corrosion properties and bio-compatibility of calcium zinc phosphate coating on pure iron for biomedical application. Materials Science and Engineering C. 34(1): 201–206.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2013.09.010
de Carvalho, R. N. L., Torres Lourenço, N. M., Gomes, P. M. V., and da Fonseca, L. J. P. 2013. Swelling behavior of gelatin-ionic liquid functional polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics. 51(10): 817–825.
https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.23252
Finch, C. A. 1983. Some properties of polyvinyl alcohol and their possible application. In C. A. Finch (Ed.), Chemistry and Technology of Water-Soluble Polymers (First, pp. 287–288). Springer Science Business Media New York.
Frykberg, R. G., and Banks, J. 2015. Challenges in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds. Advances in Wound Care. 4(9): 560–582.
https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2015.0635
Ghosh, P. K., and Gaba, A. 2013. Phyto-extracts in wound healing. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16(5): 760–820.
https://doi.org/10.18433/J3831V
Govindarajan, M., Jebanesan, A., Reetha, D., Amsath, R., Pushpanathan, T., and Samidurai, K. 2008. Antibacterial activity of Acalypha indica L. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 12: 299–302.
Hess, C. T. 2008. Checklist for Factors Affecting Wound Healing. Advances in Skin and Wound Care. 24(4): 192.
Hruljova, J. 2014. Role of Specifically Interacting Solvents in Solvent Swelling of Kukersite Oil Shale Kerogen. Tallinn University of Technology.
Islam, M. T., Dafader, N., Poddar, P., Khan, N. M. S., and Chowdhury, S. 2016. Studies on Swelling and Absorption Properties of the γ– Irradiated Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Kappa-Carrageenan Blend Hydrogels. Journal of Advanced Chemical Engineering. 6(2): 6.
https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-4568.1000
Järbrink, K., Ni, G., Sönnergren, H., Schmidtchen, A., Pang, C., Bajpai, R., and Car, J. 2016. Prevalence and incidence of chronic wounds and related complications : a protocol for a systematic review. Systematic Reviews. 5(152): 1–6.
Kannathasan, K., Senthilkumar, A., and Venkatesalu, V. 2011. In vitro antibacterial potential of some Vitex species against human pathogenic bacteria. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 4(8): 645–648.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60164-8
Khaleel Basha, S., and Sudarshanam, G. 2011. Multiple herbal therapy - antimicrobial activity of wound healing paste(Pasuru) used by Sugali tribes of Yerramalais of Kurnool District.,Andhra Pradesh,India. International Journal of PharmTech Research. 3(3): 1238–1241.
Ki, V., and Rotstein, C. 2008. Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections in adults : A review of their epidemiology , pathogenesis , diagnosis , treatment and site of care. Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol. 19(2): 174–184.
Murugan, R., and Parimelazhagan, T. 2014. Comparative evaluation of different extraction methods for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties from Osbeckia parvifolia Arn. - An in vitro approach. Journal of King Saud University – Science. 26(4):267–275.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2013.09.006
Rajaselvam, J., Benila mily, J. M., and Meena, R. 2012. A Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Acalypha Indica Against Selected Microbial Species. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research. 3(9): 473–476.
Renewable Fuels Association. 2014. Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Fuels. Module 2: 1–17.
S.K.Saxena. 2004. Polyvinyl Alcohol ( PVA ) (Vol. 1).
Saha, A. K., Rahman, R., Shahriar, M., Saha, S. K., and Azad, N. Al. 2013. Screening of six Ayurvedic medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2(2): 181–188.
Saranraj, P., Stella, D., Sathiyaseelan, K., and Samuel, S. 2010. Antibacterial Potentiality of Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Extract of Acalypha indica against Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Journal of Ecobiotechnology. 2(7): 23–27.
Singh, S., Alistair, Y., and McNaught, C. E. 2017. The physiology of wound healing. Surgery - Oxford International Edition. 35(9): 473–477.
Somchit, M. N., Rashid, R. A., Abdullah, A., Zuraini, A., Zakaria, Z. A., Sulaiman, M. R., Mutalib, A. R. 2010. In vitro antimicrobial activity of leaves of Acalypha indica Linn. (Euphorbiaceae). African Journal of Microbiology Research. 4(20): 2133–2136.
Thakur, R., Jain, N., Pathak, R., and Sandhu, S. S. 2011. Practices in Wound Healing Studies of Plants. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/438056
Velnar, T., Bailey, T., and Smrkolj, V. 2009. The Wound Healing Process : an Overview of the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. The Journal of International Medical Research. 37(5): 1528–1542.
Zahidin, N. S., Saidin, S., Mohamed Zulkifli, R., Muhamad, I. I., Ya’akob, H., and Nur, H. 2017. A review of Acalypha indica L . ( Euphorbiaceae ) as traditional medicinal plant and its therapeutic potential. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 207: 146–173.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
