IDENTIFYING SHALLOW SUBSURFACE CHARACTERISTICS VIA COMPRESSIONAL TO SHEAR WAVES VELOCITY RATIO (VP/VS) FROM SEISMIC REFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14990Keywords:
Seismic refraction, velocity, ratio, tomography, coefficient of determinationAbstract
This study was conducted in Banda Aceh district by utilizing seismic refraction P- and S-waves methods on three similar profile lines, with the aim to identify subsurface characteristic. The seismic data were acquired using ABEM TERRALOC MK8 system with 28 Hz vertical and 6 Hz horizontal geophones, and suitable seismic sources. Software used for processing to produce 2-D tomography sections and interpretations are IXRefract, Microsoft Excel, SeisOpt@2D v6.0 and Surfer 8. The results show the study area comprises of four subsurface layers with strong to very strong relation between Vp and Vs (R2 is >0.7509) for each layer. Ratio value of Vp and Vs (Vp/Vs) for each layer (1st to 4th) was calculated to be 4.75 – 5.79; 6.50 – 8.89; 6.57 – 12.17 and 6.08 – 8.21 respectively. This study concluded that the ground subsurface in Banda Aceh district is made up of water saturated unconsolidated sediments that was identified to be a mixture of clay and silt at depth up to 55 m.
References
Steeples, D. W., 2000: A review of shallow seismic methods. Annali di Geofisica, Published by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Bologna, Italy, 43, 6, 1021–1044.
Steeples, D. W., Miller R. D., 1990: Seismic reflection methods applied to engineering, environmental and groundwater problems. In: Ward S. H., Editor, Geotechnical and engineering geophysics, volume 1: Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 389 p.
Haeni, F. P., 1986: Application of seismic refraction methods in groundwater modelling studies in New England. Geophysics, 51, 2, 236–249.
Nazarian, S., Stokoe II K. H., Hudson W. R., 1983: Use of spectral analysis of surface waves method for determination of moduli and thicknesses of pavement systems. Transportation Research Record, 930, 38–45.
Park, C. B., Xia J., Miller R. D., 1998: Groundroll as a tool to image near surface anomaly. 68th Ann. Internal. Mtg, Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts, 874–877.
Park, C. B., Miller R. D., Xia J., 1999: Multi channel analysis of Surface waves. Geophysics, 64, 800–808.
Xia, J., Miller R. D., Park C. B., 1999: Estimation of near surface shear wave velocity by inversion of Rayleigh waves. Geophysics, 64, 3, 691–700.
Xia, J., Miller R. D, Park C. B., 2000: Advantages of calculating shearwave velocity from surface waves with higher modes. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000, 1295–1298.
Beng, T. S., Seng Y. K., Choo L. W., 1982: A seismic refraction survey for an expressway project in Singapore. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology – Bulletin de l’Association Internationale de G´eologie de l’Ing´enieur, 26, 1, 321–326.
Cardarelli, E., Cercato M., De Donno G., 2014: Characterization of an earth-filled dam through the combined use of electrical resistivity tomography, P- and SH-wave seismic tomography and surface wave data. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 106, 87–95.
Coulouma, G., Samyn K., Grandjean G., Follain S., Lagacherie P., 2012: Combining seismic and electric methods for predicting bedrock depth along a Mediterranean soil toposequence. Geoderma, Elsevier, 170, 39–47.
McClymont, A., Bauman P., Johnson E., Pankratow L., 2016: Geophysical Applications to Construction Engineering Projects. CSEG Recorder, 41, 4.
Gabr, A., Murad A., Baker H., Bloushi K., Arman H., Mahmoud S., 2012: The use of sesmic refraction and electrical techniques to investigate groundwater Aquifer, Wadi Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Conference Proceedings, 14-16 September 2012, Tulcea – Romania.
Osumeje, J. O., Kudamnya E. A., 2014: Hydro-geophysical Investigation Using Seismic Refraction tomography to Study the Groundwater potential of Ahmadu Bello University main campus, within basement Complex of Northern Nigeria. Journal of environment and Earth Science, 4, 2, 16–22.
Pandula, B., 2000: Determination of degree of breakage and quality of airport ways by seismic methods. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 5, 2, 157–162.
Shtivelman, V., 2003: Application of shallow seismic methods to engineering, environmental and groundwater investigations. Bolletino di Geofisica Teorica e Applicata. An international journal of Earth Science. Trieste, Italy, 44, 3-4, 209–222.
Prekopov´a, M., Janoˇcko J., Budinsk´y V., Friedmanov´a M., 2016: Integration of seismic and sedimentological methods for analysis of Quaternary alluvial depositional systems. Environ. Earth Sci. 2017) 76:25, Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6345-3.
Tsokas, G. N., Papazachos C. B., Vafidis A., Loukoyiannakis M. Z., Vargemezis G., Tzimeas K., 1995: The detection of monumental tombs buried in tumuli by seismic refraction. Geophysics, 60, 6, 1735–1742.
Shahrukh, M., Soupios P., Papadopoulos N., Sarris A., 2012: Geophysical investigations at the Istron archaeological site, eastern Crete, Greece using seismic refraction and electrical resistivity tomography. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 9, 6, 749–760.
Salem, H. S., 1993. A preliminary study of the physical properties of the Terra Nova and Hibernia oil fields in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, offshore Newfoundland, Canada. Geol. Surv. Can., OFR 2686, Dossier Public, Halifax, NS, 79.
Salem, H.S., 2000. The Compressional to shear wave velocity ratio for surface soils and shallow sediments. European Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, 5, 1, 3-14.
Mavko, G. and Mukerji, T., 1998. Short Note – Comparison of the Kreif and critical porosity models for prediction of porosity and Vp/Vs. Geophysics, 63, 925-927.
Pickett, G. R., 1960. The use of acoustic logs in the evaluation of sandstone reservoirs. Geophysics, 25, 250-274.
Pickett, G. R., 1963. Acoustic character logs and their application in formation evaluation. Trans. AIME, 15, 659-667.
Benzing, W. M., 1978. Vp/Vs relationships in carbonates and sandstones – Laboratory data. Expanded Abstr., 48th Ann. Internat. SEG Mtg., San Francisco.
Benzing, W. M., Byerly, P. E. and Hopkins, J. R., 1983. Shear and compressional wave data interpretation – Midland Basin, Taxes. Expanded Abstr., 53rd Ann. Internat. SEG Mtg., Las Vegas.
Hamilton, E. L., 1979. Vp/Vs and Poisson’s ratio in marine sediments and rocks. J. Acous. Soc. Am., 66, 1093-1101.
Gardner, G. H. F. and Harris, M. H., 1968. Velocity and attenuation of elastic waves in sands. Trans. SPWLA, 9th Ann. Logging Symp., M1-M19.
Gregory, A. R., 1977. Aspects of rock physics from laboratory and log data that are important to seismic interpretation. In: Pyton, C.E. (Ed.) Seismic stratigraphy – Applications to hydrocarbon exploration. Bull. AAPG, Mem. 26, Tulsa: 15-64.
Tatham, R. H., 1982. Vp/Vs and lithology. Geophysics, 47, 336-344.
Tatham, R. H., 1985. Shear waves and lithology. In: Dohr, G. (Eds.), Seismic shear waves, Part B. Geophysical Press, London. 87-133.
Eastwood, R. L. and Castagna, J. P., 1983. Basis for interpretation of Vp/Vs ratios in complex lithologies. Trans. SPWLA, 24th Ann. Logging Symp., G1-G17.
Stuempel, H., Kaehler, S., Meissner, R. and Milkereit. B., 1984. The use of seismic shear waves and compressional waves for lithological problems of shallow sediments. Geophy. Prosp., 32, 662-675.
Meissner, R., Stuempel, H. and Theilen, F., 1985. Shear wave studies in shallow sediments. In: Dohr, G. (Ed.), Seismic shear waves – Part B. Geophysical Press, London. 225-253.
Castagna, J. P., Batzle, M. L. and Eastwood, R. L., 1985. Relationship between compressional wave and shear wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks. Geophysics, 50, 571-581.
Bennett, J.D., Bridge, D.McC., Cameron, N.R., Djunuddin, A., Ghazali, S.A., Jeffery, D.H., Kartawa, W., Keats, W., Rock, N.M.S., Thomson, S. J. and Whandoyo, R. (1981a). Geologic Map 1:250,000 of Banda Aceh Quadrangle, Sumatra. Geological Research and Development Centre, Bandung.
Soetrisno, S. (1993a). Hydrogeological Map 1:250,000 of Indonesia, Sheet 0421 Banda Aceh, Directorate of Environmental Geology, Bandung.
Soetrisno, S. (1993b). Hydrogeological Map 1:250,000 of Indonesia, Sheet 0521 Leikseumave/ Simpangilum, Directorate of Environmental Geology, Bandung.
Setiadi, Hendri (2004). Hydrogeological Map 1:1,000,000 of Indonesia. Directorate of Geological and Mining Area Environment, Bandung.
Google Earth, 2020.
Sabrian, T.A., Saad, R., Saidin, M.M., Muhammad, S.B. and Yusoh, R. (2018). Empirical Approach in Developing Vs/Vp Ratio for Predicting S-Wave Velocity, Study Case; Sungai Batu, Kedah. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 995 (2018) 012089 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/995/1/012089.
Nadia, R., Saad, R., Muztaza, N., Ismail, N.A. and Saidin, M.M. (2016). Geotechnical Parameters Study Using Seismic Refraction Tomography. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering). 78: 8–6 (2016) 93–98.
Evans, J. D., 1996. Straightforward statistics for the behavioral sciences (Brooks: Cole).
Zaman, M. W., Hossain, M. R., Shahin, H. M. and Al Alam, M. A., 2016. A study on correlation between consolidation properties of soil with liquid limit, in-situ water content, void ratio and plasticity index. Geotechnics for Sustainable Infrastructure Development - Geotec Hanoi 2016, Phung (edt). ISBN 978-604-82-1821-8.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
