Synthetic bxn Gene Utilization in the Resistance of Crops to the Herbicide Bromoxynil – A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v59.1590Keywords:
Bxn gene, bromoxynil, synthetic gene, plant transformation, plant biotechnologyAbstract
Modern biotechnological systems refer to the application of biological methods for the production of new substances and manipulation of genetic materials of living organisms for the benefits of human future and commercial applications. Generation of herbicide resistant crops is a very important aspect of biotechnology utilization in plant genetic engineering by using genetic materials of another plant species or organisms to generate herbicide resistant transgenic crops. Nitrile group of herbicides is a large group of chemicals mostly inhibit photosynthesis in weeds and causes many loses in agricultural crops. The bromoxynil–specific nitrilase (bxn) gene was used widely in the production of crops resistant to the herbicide Bromoxynil. The gene was originally isolated from the soil bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniaesubsp. ozaenae and was successfully transformed into plant or appropriate crops of commercially interest. The encoded protein catabolizes 3,5–dibromo–4–hydroxybenzonitrile (Bromoxynil) to non–phytotoxic 3,5–dibromo–4–hydroxybenzoic acid. This review described the application of synthetic and codon–optimized bxn gene for the efficient transformation into plant resistance to Bromoxynil.References
Adang, M. J., Brody, M. S., Cardineau, G. N. Eagan, and R. T. Roush. 1993. The Reconstruction and Expression of a Bacillus Thuringiensis Cryiiia Gene in Protoplast and Potato Plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 21: 1131–1145. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8490132?dopt=AbstractPlus.
Ahrens, W. H. 1994. Herbicide Handbook 7th. ed. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Page 136. Champaign, IL. http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1891276336.
Benbrook, C. M. 2003. Impacts of Genetically Engineered Crops on Pesticide Use in the United States: The First Eight Years. Biotech Info Net Technical Paper Number 6 (Nov 2003). Available from: http://wwww.biotech-info.net/technicalpaper6.html [Accessed 12 March 2011].
Brandao, P. F. B., J. P. Clapp and A. T. Bull. 2002. Discrimination and Taxonomy of Geographically Diverse Strains of Nitrile-Metabolizing Actinomycetes Using Chemometric and Molecular Sequencing Techniques. Environ. Microbiol. 4: 262–276. DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2002.00292.x.http://www.docentes.unal.edu.co/pfdeb/docs/Brandao%20et%20al%202002%20(EM).pdf
Churchwella, M., N. Twaddlea., L. Meekerb and D. Doergea. 2005. Improving Sensitivity in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J. Chromatography B. 825: 134–143.
Comeron, J. M., and M. Aguade. 1998. An Evaluation of Measures of Synonymous Codon Usage Bias. J. Mol. Evol. 47: 268–274. DOI:10.1007/PL00006384, PMID: 9732453.
Cupples, A. M., R. A. Sanford., and G. K. Sims. 2005. Dehalogenation of Bromoxynil (3,5-Dibromo-4-Hydroxybenzonitrile) and Ioxynil (3,5-Diiodino-4-Hydroxybenzonitrile) by Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71(7):3741–3746. http://arsweeds.cropsci.illinois.edu/Dehalogenation.pdf
Dear, B. S., G. A. Sandral., D. Spencer., M. R. I. Khan and T. J. V. Higgins. 2003. The Tolerance of Three Transgenic Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum L.) Lines with the Bxn Gene to Herbicide Containing Bromoxynil. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 54: 203–210. ISSN 0004-9409.http://www.rafiqulkhan.com/publications/bxn_Tolerance_into_Subclover.pdf.
Eberlein, C. V., M. J. Guttieri and J. Steffen-Campbell. 1998. Bromoxynil Resistance in Transgenic Potato Clones Expressing the Bxn Gene. Weed Sci. 46: 150-157. http://www.jstor.org/pss/4045929.
Frantz, B. and A. M. Chakrabarty. 1986. Degradative Plasmids in Pseudomonas. In: The bacteria, The Biology of Pseudomonas, Sokatch, J.R. (Ed.). Academic Press, Inc. (London). Vol. X. 295–317.
Gibson, D. T. 1984. Microbial Degradation of Organic Compounds. Vol. 13, Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York.
Harper, D. B. 1977. Fungal Degradation of Aromatic Nitriles: Enzymology of C = N cleavage by Fusarium solani. Biochem. J.,o 167: 685–692.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1183715/ [Accessed 17 July 2010].
Jabeen R., M. S. Khan., Y. Zafar., and T. Anjum. 2010. Codon Optimization of Cry1ab Gene for Hyper Expression in Plant Organelles. Mol. Biol. Rep. 37(2): 1011–1017 DOI:10.1007/s11033-009-9802-1.
Koziel, M. G., G. L. Beland, C. Bowman, N. B. Carozzi and R. Crenshaw. 1993. Field Performance of Elite Transgenic Maize Plants Expression an Insecticidal Protein Derived from Bacillus Thuringiensis. Biotechnology. 11: 194–200. DOI:10.1038/nbt0293-194.
Available from: http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v11/n2/pdf/nbt0293-194.pdf.
Mallory-Smith, C. 1998. Bromoxynil-Resistant Common Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris). Weed Technology. 12(2): 322–324 http://www.jstor.org/stable/3988395.
McBride, K. E., J. W. Kenny and D. M. Stalker. 1986. Metabolism of The Herbicide Bromoxynil by Klebsiella Pneumoniae Subspecies ozaenae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52: 325–330.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC203524/pdf/aem00131-0109.pdf [Accessed 12 April 2011].
Miklos, J. A., M. F. Alibhai, S. A. Bledig, D. C. Connor-Ward, A. Gao, B. A. Holmes, K. H. Kolacz, V. T. Kabuye, T. C. MacRae, M. A. Paradise, A. S. Toedebusch, and L. A. Harrison. 2007. Characterization of Soybean Exhibiting High Expression of a Synthetic Bacillus Thuringiensis Cry1a Transgene that Confers a High Degree of Resistance to Lepidopteran Pests. Crop Sci. 47: 148–157.
Oliver, M. J., J. J. Burke and P. J. Velten. 2003. Synthetic Herbicide Resistant Gene. Patent Application Publication.: http://ip.com/patapp/US20030154507.
Osuntoki, A. A. 2005. A review of Molecular Biology Techniques. Proc. of the Workshop on DNA Fingerprinting and Blotting Techniques, Organized by Danifol Biotechnology Consult, August 9th-11th.
Peden, J. 2005. Correspondence Analysis of Codon Usage. Source Forge. Retrieved 2010-10-20. http://codonw.sourceforge.net/.
Perlak, F. J., R. W. Deaton, T. A. Armstrong, R. L. Fuchs, S. R. Sims, J. T. Greenplate and D. A. Fischhoff. 1990. Insect Resistant Cotton Plants. Biotechnology. 8: 939–943.
DOI:10.1038/nbt1090-939. http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v8/n10/abs/nbt1090-939.html
Soetan, K. O. 2008. The Dynamic and Ubiquitous Nature of Biotechnology. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 7: 2768–2772. http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/viewFile/59141/47446.
Stalker, D. M., L. D. Malyj and K. E. Mcbride. 1988. Purification and Properties of Nitrilase Specific for the Herbicide Bromoxynil and Corresponding Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of the Bxn Gene. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 6310-6314.http://www.jbc.org/content/263/13/6310.full.pdf
Stalker, D. M., K. E. McBride and L. D. Malyj. 1988. Herbicide Resistance in Transgenic Plants Expressing a Bacterial Detoxification Gene. Science. 242:419–423.
http://www.mendeley.com/research/herbicide-resistance-transgenic plants-expressing-bacterial-detoxification-gene-4/
Stalker, D. M. and K. E. Mcbride. 1987. Cloning and Expression in Escherichia Coli of a Klebsiella Ozaena Plasmid-Borne Gene Encoding A Nitrilase Specific for the Herbicide Bromoxynil. J. Bacteriol. 169: 955–60.http://jb.asm.org/cgi/reprint/169/3/955.
Strizhov, N., Keller, M., Mathur, J., Koncz-Kálmán, Z., Bosch, D., Prudovsky, E., Schell, J., Sneh, B., Koncz, C., and Zilberstein, A. 1996. A Synthetic Cryic Gene, Encoding A Bacillus Thuringiensis Δ-Endotoxin, Confers Spodoptera Resistance in Alfalfa and Tobacco. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 93(26): 15012–15017 http://www.pnas.org/content/93/26/15012.full.pdf.
Suzuki, H., C. J. Brown, L. J. Forney, and E. M. Top. 2008. Comparison of Correspondence Analysis Methods for Synonymous Codon Usage in Bacteria. DNA Res. 15: 357–365.
DOI:10.1093/dnares/dsn028. PMID18940873
Todd, M. J. and J. Gomez. 2001. Enzyme Kinetics Determined Using Calorimetry: A General Assay for Enzyme Activity. Anal. Biochem. 296: 179–187. DOI:10.1006/abio.2001.5218 PMID11554713.
Welch, M., S. Govindarajan, J. E. Ness, A. Villalobos, A. Gurney, J. Minshull and C. Gustafsson. 2009. Design Parameters to Control Synthetic Gene Expression In Escherichia coli. PLoS ONE, 4: e7002-e7200. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007002.
Wollaston, V. B., A. Snape, and F. Cannon. 1992. A Plant Selectable Marker Gene Based on the Detoxification of the Herbicide Dalapon. Plant cell reports. 11: 627- 631. http://www.springerlink.com/content/b946f319fa5a34e1/.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
