Perbezaan Upah Mengikut Jantina dan Diskriminasi Majikan dalam Sektor Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v63.1697Keywords:
Perbezaan upah jantina, penghuraian perbezaan upah, diskriminasi majikan, pekerja eksekutif, sektor ICTAbstract
Artikel ini menganalisis perbezaan upah antara jantina dalam sektor swasta termoden di Malaysia, iaitu sektor teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (ICT). Sektor ini dipilih kerana dalam sektor yang dianggap moden, canggih dan mempunyai maklumat lengkap, tindak tanduk majikan terhadap penggajian pekerja, terutama sekali dari segi penetapan upah, dijangka lebih rasional dan objektif. Analisis melibatkan dua peringkat. Pertama, menganggar model upah lelaki dan wanita berdasarkan model persekolahan Mincer (1974) bagi mengenal pasti faktor yang menentukan upah. Kedua, menghurai perbezaan upah jantina berasaskan kaedah penghuraian Blinder (1973). Analisis menggunakan data yang dikutip pada 2007/2008, mengandungi 347 pekerja peringkat profesional dan eksekutif dalam sektor ICT di Selangor dan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur. Hasil penganggaran mendapati pendidikan, latihan, tempat belajar dan kaum adalah signifikan dalam mempengaruhi upah lelaki dan upah wanita. Namun, penghuraian perbezaan upah menunjukkan perbezaan upah antara jantina yang disumbangkan oleh prasangka buruk majikan terhadap wanita atau disebut sebagai faktor diskriminasi agak tinggi, iaitu hampir mencecah 80 peratus. Implikasinya, tingkat kecanggihan sektor dan kesempurnaan maklumat tidak menjanjikan sikap atau prasangka majikan yang baik.Â
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