RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF VOLCANIC CLAY AND IMPLICATION TO ITS LONG-TERM STRENGTH AND TIME DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v84.16984Keywords:
Rheology, Long-term strength, Time dependent behavior, Constant stress, Shear creepAbstract
As a natural phenomenon, land movement does not occur suddenly, but it is a long-term phenomenon in the form of un-recoverable low rates deformation caused by constant stress on a slope body and known as creep. Therefore, it is very important to understand the rheological characteristics of the soil under constant stress and implication to its long-term strength and time dependent behavior of a soil mass. The laboratory shear creep tests were carried out on 15 undisturbed volcanic clay samples taken from the southern slopes of Lembang Village, Cililin, West Java, Indonesia. The tests were carried out by applying a constant shear stress level of 50% - 95% from the peak shear strength. The results show that the level of constant shear stress will affect to the rheological characteristics of the soil samples. The higher level of shear stress, the shorter failure time. Based on the shear creep tests, the rheological model was established, the failure time of the soil samples were estimated and the long-term strength equation was obtained. The long-term shear strength of the volcanic clay is decrease 52.38% from the peak shear strength and achieved after 925 days (±31 months). The cohesion (c) and internal friction angle (f) decrease from 41.548 kPa and 17.051o become 21.188 kPa and 9.129o, respectively. The shear creep test also shows that the soil shear strength parameters (c and f) are a function of time.
References
Zakaria, Z. 2010. Starlet Model, A Proposal for Landslide Disaster Mitigation with a Regional Genetic Approach (Case Study: Landslide at Citatah, Padalarang, West Java). Indonesian Journal on Geosciences. 5(2): 93-112.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17014/ijog.v5i2.95.
Highland, L. W. and Bobrowski, P. T. 2008. The Landslide Handbook – A Guide to Understanding Landslides. US Geological Survey.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1325.
Tran, T. T. T., Hazarika, H., Indrawan, I. G. B. and Karnawati, D. 2018. Prediction of Time to Soil Failure Based on Creep Strength Reduction Approach. Geotech Geol Eng. 36: 2749-2760.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0496-9.
Jaeger, J. C., Cook, N. G. W. and Zimmerman, R. W. 2007. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics. Fourth Edition. Blackwell Publishing, Malden USA. 475.
Yang, W., Duan, K., Zang, Q., Jiao Y. and Wang, S. 2019. In-situ Creep Test on the Long-term Shear Behaviors of a Fault Located at the Dam Foundation of Dagangshan Hydropower Station, China. Energy, Science and Engineering.1-20.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.521.
Lorig, L. 1999. Lesson Learned from Slope Stability Studies, FLAC and Numerical Modeling in Geomechanics. Detournay & Hart (eds). Balkema Roterdam.17-21.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003078531-4.
Baskari, T. L. 2008. Study of Rock Mass Classification on Slope Stability and Determination of Its Long-term Strength in PT. Berau Coal East Kalimantan. Magister Thesis at Dept. of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology.
Luo, Q. and Chen, X. 2014. Experimental Research on Creep Characteristic of Nasha Soft Soil. Hindawi Publishing Corporation the Scientific World Journal.1-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/968738,
Fan, Z., Zhang, J. and Yuan H. 2014. A Constitutive Model for Mudstone Shear Creep. EJGE. 19: 259-271.
Wang, D., Qiuling, L. and He, X. 2014. Experiment Study on Rheological Model of Soft Clay. Civil Engineering Journal 8: 344-350.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149501408010344.
Ma, C., Zan, H., Yao, W. and Li, H. 2018. A New Shear Rheological Model for a Soft Interlayer with Varying Water Content. Water Science and Engineering. 11(2): 131-135.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2018.07.003.
Liu, H., Li, L., Li, S. and Yang W. 2020. The Time Dependent Failure Mechanism of Rock and Associated Application in Slope Engineering: An Explanation Based on Numerical Investigation. Hindawi Mathematical Problem in Engineering. 20: 1-19.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1680265.
Saito, M. and Uezawa, H. 1961. Failure of Soil Due to Creep, Railway Technical Research Institute. Japanese National Railways. 315-318.
Fukuzono, T. 1985. A Method to Predict the Time of Slope Failure Caused by Rainfall Using the Inverse Number of Velocity of Surface Displacement. Journal of Japan Landslide Society. 22(2): 8-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3313/jls1964.22.2_8.
Adriansyah, Y. 2013. Predict Time of Failure Based on Slope Movement Monitoring Data at Batu Hijau Open Pit Mine. Proceeding of Geomechanics II Seminar. 145-149.
Li, C., Tang, H., Wang, Y. 2020. Study on Deformation Mechanism of Reservoir Landslides Considering Rheological Properties of the Slip Zone Soil: A Case Study on the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. MDPI Journal Sustainability. 12: 6427.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su1216647.
Centre of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation. 2017. Map of Vulnerability of Land Movement of West Bandung Regency. Geological Agency of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia.
Vyalov, S. S., Gorodetskii, S. E., Ermakov, V. F., Zatsarnaya, A. G. and Pekarskaya N. K. 1969. Method of Determining Creep, Long-term Strength and Compressibility Characteristic of Frozen Soils. Canada: NRC Publication Archive.1-109.
Vyalov, S. S. 1986. Rheology Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics. Amsterdam: Elsivier.
Schowalter, W. R. 1978. Mechanics of Non-Newtonian Fluids. Pergamon.
Goodman, R. E. 1989. Introductions to Rock Mechanics. 2nd Edition. John Willey & Sons New York.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4224/20386669.
Andrade, E. N. C. 1910. On the Viscous Flow in Metals and Allied Phenomena. Proceeding of the Royal Society London. 1-12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1910.0050.
Andrade, E. N. C. 1962. The Validity of t1/3 Law of Flow of Metals. The Philosophical Magazine: A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics. London. 7: 2003-2014.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786436208214469.
Sudjatmiko. 1972. Geological Map of Cianjur Quadrangle, West Java Scale 1:250.000. Geological Research and Development Centre, Bandung.
Darana, A. R., Jihadi, L. H., Muslim, D., Wahyudi, D. R. and Kristiyanto, T. H. W. 2015. Slope and Lithological Control on Landslide Potential in Mukapayung and Surrounding Area, Cililin District, Bandung Barat Region, West Java, Indonesia. Proceedings International Conference – HanoGeo Hanoi. 229-237.
Kurniawan, E. A., Tohari, A. and Permanajati, I. 2018. Lansdlide Susceptibility Model of Cililin District Using TRIGRS. Riset Geologi Pertambangan. 28(2): 167-180.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14203/risetgeotam2018.v28.969.
Skempton, A. W. and Northey, R. D. 1952. The Sensitivity of Clays. Geotechnique. 30-53.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1952.3.1.30.
Mills, P. R. 2016. Static Failure Mechanism in Sensitive Volcanic Clay in the Taurangga Region, New Zealand. MSC Thesis at University of Waikato New Zealand.
Goldstein, M. and Ter-Stepanian, G. 1957. The Long-term Strength of Clays and Depth Creep of Slopes. Proceeding, International Conference of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 4th.120-124.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
