COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGY OF RADIATION VULCANIZED NATURAL RUBBER LATEX USING UV-MERCURY LAMP, UV-LED LAMP, AND PLASMA CATHODE-BASED EBM IRRADIATORS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v84.17507Keywords:
RVNRL, irradiator, UV-mercury, UV-LED, plasma cathode-based EBMAbstract
The electron beam machine (EBM) irradiators based on plasma cathode that emit pulse electron beam for radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex (RVNRL) have been developed in Tomsk, Russia. Meanwhile, a prototype of an ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) irradiator for RVNRL has been developed by the Research Technology Center for Accelerator and the ATK Polytechnic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research aims to compare the irradiator prototype technology for RVNRL. The RVNRL technology comparison method is carried out by assessing the specifications and performance of the equipment, costs (investment, operational, maintenance), hazard, and operability. The results of the comparison of irradiator technology for RVNRL show that the UV-LED irradiators are superior to the UV-mercury irradiators and the plasma cathode-based EBM irradiators which gives a total value of 476, 412, and 248, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the UV-LED irradiators technology for RVNRL is simpler, more practical, economical, and environmentally friendly compared to the UV-mercury irradiators and the plasma cathode-based EBM irradiators.
References
C. Widiyati and H. Poernomo. 2012. A Comparative Study of Early Pre-vulcanization Technology for Natural Rubber Latex with UV Radiation from the UV-mercury Lamp and from the Lamp of UV-Light Emitting Diode (UV-LED). Proceedings of Meetings and Scientific Presentations on Accelerator Technology and Its Applications. 14: 63-73. http://digilib.batan.go.id/ppin/katalog/ file/1411-1349-2012-063.pdf.
H. Poernomo and R. Saptaaji. 2012. Basic Design of Vulcanization of Natural Rubber Latex System with Electron Beam at Belt Conveyor. Proceedings of the Meeting and Presentation of Basic Scientific-Research on Nuclear Science and Technology. 14: 95-109. http://digilib.batan.go.id/ppin/katalog/file/BP-18.pdf.
N. A. Kinasih, M. I. Fathurrohman, and D. Suparto. 2015. Effect of Vulcanization Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Vulcanized Natural and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubbers. Leather, Rubber and Plastics Magazines. 31(2): 65-74. http://ejournal.kemenperin.go.id/ mkkp/article/view/504.
F. E. Tambunan and H. Harahap. 2015. Effect of Vulcanization Temperature and Composition of Bentonite Clay Modified with Alkanolamide from RBDPKO Raw Material on Natural Rubber Latex Products. Journal of Chemical Engineering. 4(4): 64-70. https://talenta.usu.ac.id/jtk/article/view/1515.
R. Radford, H. Frain, M. P. Ryan, C. Slattery, and T. McMorrow. 2013. Mechanisms of Chemical Carcinogenesis in the Kidneys. International Journal of Molecular Science. 14: 19416-19433. Doi: 10.3390/ ijms141019416.
Marsongko. 2013. Preparation of Gloves from Radiation Pre-vulcanized and Sulphur Valcanized Natural Rubber Latex. Packaging Chemistry Journal. 35(2): 131-136. http://ejournal.kemenperin.go.id/jkk/article/view/1885.
J. Heathcote. 2010. UV-LED Overview Part I Operation and Measurement. Radtech Report. Technical Paper. 23-33. https://www.radtech.org/magazinearchives/Publications/RadTechReport/jul-aug-2010/UV-LED%20Basics%20Part%20I-Operation%20and%20Measurement.pdf.
Purepro. 2012. Ultraviolet Water Sterilizer. Pure-Pro Water Corp., Illinois, USA. http://www.purepro.info/pdf/UV.pdf.
P. Mill. 2012. UV Measurement for Formulators. EIT Instrument Markets. pmillsoh@aol.com.
J. Raymont. 2019. UV Measurement & Process Control: Theory vs. Reality Overview of EIT Products & Measurement Techniques, EIT Instrument Markets Sterling, Virginia USA. http://quimtech.com/archivos/Como_Medir_La_Radiaci%F3n_UV.pdf.
J. Raymont. 2001. Life After the Honeymoon: Getting to Know, Understand, Respect and Live with Your UV System and Process. SGIA Journal. Third Quarter: 29-39. https://www.eit.com/ sites/default/files/resource-files/ raymont_uv_system.pdf.
S. Schlögl, A. Temel, W. Kern, Leoben, R. Schaller, and A. Holzner. 2010. Manufacture of Non-Allergenic Surgical Gloves via UV Techniques. Rohstoffe Und Anwendungen Raw Materials and Applications, KGK. 187-191. https://www.kgk-rubberpoint.de/wp-content/uploads/ migrated/paid_content/artikel/ 950.pdf.
S. Schlögl, N. Aust, R. Schaller, A. Holzner, and W. Kern. 2010. Survey of Chemical Residues and Biological Evaluation of Photochemically Pre-vulcanized Surgical Gloves. Monatsh Chem. 141: 1365-1372. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s00706-010-0404-3.
S. Schlögl, A. Temel, R. Schaller, A. Holzner, and W. Kern. 2012. Characteristics of the Photochemical Prevulcanization in a Falling Film Photoreactor. Journal of Applied Polimer. 124: 3478-3486. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.35457.
S. Schlögl, M.L. Trutschel, W. Chassé, I. Letofsky-Papst, R. Schaller, A. Holzner, G. Riess, W. Kern, and K. Saalwächter. 2014. Photo-vulcanization Using Thiol-ene Chemistry: Film Formation, Morphology and Network Characteristics of UV Crosslinked Rubber Latices. Polymer. 55: 5584-5595. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.polymer.2014.06.007.
L. I. Mahmood. 2016. Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Biocomposites Consist of Chitosan Dispersed in Epoxidized Natural Rubber. Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Physosophy, University Sains Malaysia. http://eprints.usm.my/31355/1/LUQMAN_IDREES_MAHMOOD_24.pdf.
J. Y. Zhang and I. W. Boyd. 2000. Lifetime Investigation of Excimer UV Sources. Applied Surface Science. 168: 296-299. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0169-4332(00)00628-0.
K. Schindler, U. Leischner, P. Kaiser, T. Striebel, U. Schombs, and C. Lopper. 2017. High Intencity UV-LED Mask Aligner fo Applications in Industrial Research. SUSS Report. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/ document/8278704.
K. Holz, J. Lietard, M. M. Somoza. 2017. High-Power 365 nm UV LED Mercury Arc Lamp Replacement for Photochemistry and Chemical Photolithography. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 5: 828-834. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng. 6b02175.
C. Widiyati and H. Poernomo. 2018. Design of a Prototype Photoreactor UV-LEDs for Radiation Vulcanization of Natural Rubber Latex. International Journal of Technology. 1: 130-141. https://doi.org/ 10.14716/ijtech.v9i1.1164.
P. Raharjo, K. Uemura, N.N. Koval, V. Shugurov, V. Denisov, V. Jakovlev, W. Setiawan, and M. Utama. 2008. Application of Large Area Plasma Cathode Electron Beam for Natural Rubber Vulcanization. Proceedings of 15th International Symposium on High Current Electronics. 497-501. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237794855_Application_of_Large_Area_Plasma_Cathode_Electron_Beam_for_Natural_Rubber_Vulcanization.
S. S. Kovalskiy. 2017. Low-Energy Electron Beam for Medical and Plasma Chemistry Applications. Beam & Plasma Technologies. LLC, Tomsk, Rusia.
C. Widiyati and H. Poernomo, 2015. Photoreactor Design Concept Based on Irradiator UV-LED for Pre-Vulcanise Natural Rubber Latex. Proceedings of National Seminar of Nuclear Energy Technology. 1: 543-555. http://www.batan.go.id/images/Seminar/SENTEN2016/SENTEN-26april-2016-v2.pdf.
S. A. Korenev and R.P. Johnson. 2007. Pulsed Low Energy Electron Sources for Material Surface Modification. Pulsed Power Conference, 2007 16th IEEE International. 65-68. http://www.muonsinternal.com/ muons3/tiki-download_wiki_ attachment.php?attId=179.
IAEA. 2003. Use of Mathematical Modelling in Electron Beam Processing: A Guidebook. IAEA Radiation Technology Series No. 1. 55-57, 78. https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/ publications/PDF/Pub1474_ Web.pdf.
Z. Zimek. 1998. Electron Accelerators for Environment Protection, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology. Warsawa, Poland. https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/Public/31/003/31003497.pdf.
International Irradiation Association. 2011. Industrial Radiaion with Electron Beams and X-rays. http://iiaglobal.com/uploads/documents/ Industrial_ Radiation_eBeam_ Xray.pdf.
Z. Zimek, 2017. Comparison between EB, Gamma, and X-Rays Facilities for Radiation Processing. Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsawa, Poland. https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/ erasmus-plus/project-result-content/cc85291e-3a92-4ae1-b358-0ad68cbff1c0/L3-Comparison-Zimek.pdf.
Patent 7026749. Cathode for Electron Tube and Method of Preparing the Same, https://patents.google.com/patent/ US7026749B2/en.
C. E. Harries. 2000. Survey of Breakthrough Materials. The Center of Excellence for Structures and Materials, NASA Langley Research Center. Materials Survey. 1-86. https://history.nasa.gov/DPT/ Technology%20Priorities%20Recommendations/Breakthrough%20Materials%20DPT%20Jul_00.pdf.
D. Q. Kern. 1983. Process Heat Transfer. Mc. Graw Hill International Book Company. 805. https://sv.20file.org/up1/ 423_0.pdf.
H. Handayani, A. Cifriadi, S. Puspitasari, A. Ramadhani, Darsono, E. Nuraini. 2019. The Influence of Latex Vulcanization with Irradiation using Electron Beams Machine on Latex Goods Mechanical Properties and Protein Content. Indonesian J. Nat. Rubb. Res. 37 (2): 207-216. https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v3i2.661.
E. Nuraini, Darsono, W. Andriyanti, Saefurrochman, Sutadi, S.R. Adabiah. 2021. The Effect of Stirring Speed Variations on the Mechanical Properties of Latex Post-irradiation Using the ARJUNA 1.0 Electron Beam. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2381: 020050. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0067329.
M. Reowdecha, P. Dittanet, P. Sae-oui, S. Loykulnant, P. Prapainainar. 2021. Film and Latex Forms of Silica-reinforced Natural Rubber Composite Vulcanized Using Electron Beam Irradiation. Heliyon. 7(2021): e07176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07176.
R. Hidayat. 2011. Guidelines for Reviewing Papers for Seminars and Scientific Journals. Post-Graduate in Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, http://te.ugm.ac.id/ ~risanuri/v01/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/bagaimana-review-paper.pdf.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
