Pengetahuan Pedagogi Isi Kandungan Guru Sains Sekolah Rendah dalam Mengajarkan Pemikiran Sains Keusahawanan: Satu Kajian Kes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v63.1999Keywords:
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Entrepreneurial Science Thinking (EST), Shulman‘s pedagogicalAbstract
This qualitative study aims to determine the science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and its components applied by them in the teaching of entrepreneurial science thinking (EST) by using the EST module. The teaching of entrepreneurial science thinking is an effort to cultivate students’ thinking to apply their scientific knowledge in everyday situation in a creative and inovatif way, including with the orientation of entrepreneurship thinking. Two science teachers, who have educational background and experience in using the EST module to teach science in primary schools, are involved in this study. The qualitative data was analysed by using the six phases of Shulman‘s pedagogical reasoning model (understanding, transformation, instruction, assessment, reflection, and new understanding) in each thinking step in the EST module (observe, new ideas, innovation, creativity, and society). It was found that the PCK component which is always referred to by both teachers is knowledge of students, while the knowledge component of PCK which is seldom applied by the science teachers is knowledge of the contexts. Meanwhile, pedagogical knowledge and content knowledge are applied to all steps of the EST module, but not referred to in all the pedagogical phases of Shulman’s reasoning model. The findings of this study indicate that knowledge of the students is the most important component of teaching EST in primary schools. This study also supports the previous research stated that to enhance creativity and innovation among students, teachers must have knowledge about their students.
References
Abell, S. K., Rogers, M. A. P., Hanuscin, D. L., Lee, M. H., & Gagnon, M. J. 2009. Preparing the Next Generation of Science Teacher Educators: A Model for Developing PCK for Teaching Science Teachers. Journal Science Teacher Education 20: 77–93.
BPK, (Bahagian Pendidikan Kurikulum). 2009. Development of Standard National Primary Science Curriculum. Draft Primary Science Syllabus, Ministry of Education, Malaysia.
BPK, (Bahagian Pendidikan Kurikulum). 2011. Development of Standard National Primary Science Curriculum. Draft Entrepreneurial Element, Ministry of Education, Malaysia.
Carlsen, W. S. 1999. Domains of teacher knowledge. Dlm. Gess-Newsome, J. & Lederman, N. G. (pnyt.). Examining Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Dordrecht/Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 133–144.
Cess-Newsome, J. 2002. Secondary Teachers’ Knowledge and Beliefs about Subject Matter Impact on Instruction. Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education. 6(2): 51–94.
Driel, J. H. V., Verloop, N., & Vos, W. D. 1998. Developing Science Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 35(6): 673–695.
EnGauge. 2003. 21st Century Skills for 21st Century Learners. Los Angeles: North Central Regional Educational, Laboratory and the Metiri Group.
Gallagher, J. J. 1991. Prospective and Practicing Secondary School Science Teachers’ Knowledge and Beliefs about the Philosophy of Science. Science Education. 75(1): 121–133.
Geddis, A. N. 1993. Transforming Subject-matter Knowledge: The Role of Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Learning to Reflect on Teaching. International Journal of Science Education. 15: 673–683.
Hackbert, Peter H. 2010. Using Improvisational Exercises in General Education to Advance Creativity, Inventiveness and Innovation. US-China Education Reviews. 7(10): 10–21.
Harkema, Saskia J. M. & Schout, H. 2008. Incorporating Student-Centred Learning in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education. European Journal of Education. 43(4): 513–526.
Hisrich, Richard D. & Peters, Michael P. 2002. Entrepreneurship. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Jong, O. 1992 Expertise as a source of difficulties: Teaching and learning ‘Chemical Calculations’, Dlm. Voorbach, J.T., Vonk, J.H.C.& Prick, L.G.M. (pnyt.). Teacher Education. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Krueger, Norris F. 2007. What Lies Beneath? The Experiential Essence of Entrepreneur Thinking. Entrepreneurship Theori and Practice, Baylor University. 123–138.
Lilia Halim & Norlena Salamuddin. 2000. Orientasi Akademik: Pendekatan Alternatif dalam Program Pendidikan Guru Siswazah di Malaysia. Akademika. 56: 47–64.
Lilia Halim, Nor aishah Buang, T. subahan Mohd Meera & Kamisah Osman. 2009. Modul Pembelajaran Berasaskan Pemikiran Sains Keusahawanan. Bangi: Fakulti Pendidikan, UKM.
Liu, Xielin & Zhi, Tingting. 2010. China is Catching up in Science and Innovation: the Experience of the Chinese Academy of Science. Science and Public Policy. 37(5): 331–342.
Magalhaes, A., Estima, M., & Almada. 2007. PUKHA: A New Pedagogical Experience. European Journal of Engineering Education. 32(6): 711–719.
Menzies, M. B. 2008. Recognising Scientific Entrepreneurship. Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. New Zealand: Victoria University of Wellington.
Menzies, M. B. 2010. Recognising Scientific Entrepreneurship in New Zealand. New Zealand Science Review. 67(2): 47–55.
Menzies, M. B. 2012. Researching scientific entrepreneurship in New Zealand. Science and Public Policy. 39(2012): 39–59.
Mitchell, R.K., Busenitz, L., & Lant, T. 2002. Towark a Theory of Entrepreneur Cognition: Rethinking the People Side of Entrepreneurship Research. Entrepreneurship Theori and Practice, Baylor University. 93–104.
Mowery, D. C. & Rosenberg, N. 1994. The Influence of Market Demand Upon Innovation: A Critical Review of Some Empirical Studies. Research Policy. 3: 22–242.
Noor Shah Saad. 2009. The Integration of Pedagogical Content Knowledge Componens in the Teaching and Learning of Trigonometry. Journal Sains dan Matematik. 1(1): 72–83.
Nor Aishah Buang, Lilia Halim & T. Subahan Meerah. 2009. Understanding the Thinking of Malaysian Entrepreneurial Scientists: Implications For Science Education In Malaysia. Journal of Turkish Science Education. 6(2): 3–11.
Nor Aishah Buang, Lilia Halim, T. Subahan Mohd. Meerah & Kamisah Osman. 2010. Development of An Entreprenuerial Science Thinking (EnSciT) Module for Secondary Science Education in Malaysia. Dlm. Lee, Y.J. (pnyt.). Science Education Research in Asia. Netherlands: Sense Publishers. 315–334.
RMK-9. 2006. Rancangan Malaysia Kesembilan 2006-2010. Putrajaya: Unit Perancangan Ekonomi, Jabatan Perdana Menteri.
Sharifah M., & Lewin, K. M. (pnyt.). 1993. Insights into Science Education: Planning and Policy Priorities in Malaysia. International Institute for Educational Planning: UNESCO dan Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Shulman, L.S. 1987. Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform. Harvard Educational Review. 57: 1–22.
Stevenson, H. H. & Jarillo, J. C. 1990. A Paradigm of Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Management. Strategic Management Journal. 11: 17–27.
Venuvinod, P. K., & Sun, H. 2002. Technological Product Innovation: An Educational Perspective from Hong Kong. Paper Presented at the 9th Asia Pacific Conference of Engineering Management Educators, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Young, J. G. 1985. What is creativity? The Journal of Creative Behavior. 2: 77–87.
Zacharia, Z. 2003. Beliefs, Attitudes, and Intentions of Science Teachers Regarding the Educational Use of Computer Simulations and Inquiry-based Experiments in Physics. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 40(8): 792–823.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
