DETERMINATION OF THE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS CAPTOPRIL, ATENOLOL, AND METOPROLOL IN DOSAGE FORMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20088Keywords:
Captopril, Atenolol, Metoprolol, neutral red, bleaching reactionAbstract
Three antihypertensive drugs Captopril (CPL), Atenolol (ATL), and Metoprolol (MTL) have been estimated sensitively and selectively by a single spectrophotometric method using neutral red dye NLR. The method is based on oxidation of the drugs by known excess of N-bromosuccinamide (NBS) in the first reaction step followed by the oxidation of NLR dye with the exceed ed amount of NBS, as the concentration of the drug compounds increase, the color of the dye increase, the dye exhibits absorbance peak at 523 nm. The linearity range was from 1 to 10 µg/ml for the three drugs, the molar absorptivity values were 2.1164 × 105, 1.9202× 104, and 57.934× 104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for CPL, ATL, and MTL respectively, the sensitivity index of Sand’ll were 0.0102, 0.0138, and 0.01182 µg/cm2 for CPL, ATL, and MTL respectively. LOD values for the three drugs ranged from 0.00405 to 0.00547 and LOQ values were ranged from 0.0135 to 0.0182 respectively, the method exhibits good applicability to the dosage forms and high confidence as compared with standard method and standard addition method.
References
The United States Pharmacopeia (USP 30) (2007). United States Pharmacopeia Convection, Inc., Rockville, USA.
World Health Organization. (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines.
Wallman, M., Borghardt, J., Martel, E., Pairet, N., Markert, M. and M. Jirstrand, An integrative pharmacokinetic-cardiovascular physiology modelling approach based on in vivo dog studies including five reference compounds, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods,115 ,107171 ,2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107171
K. L. Duchin , D. N. McKinstry, A. I. Cohen and B. H. Migdalof "Pharmacokinetics of captopril in healthy subjects and in patients with cardiovascular diseases". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 14 (4): 241–259 ,1988.
P. D. Tzanavaras, D. G. Themelis, A. Economou and G. Theodoridis, Flow and Sequential Injection Manifolds for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Captopril Based on its Oxidation by Fe(III). Microchim. Acta, 142, 55–62, 2003.
B. B. Qassim and A. A. Alwan, Indirect Way for the Assay of Captopril Drug in Dosage FormsUsing1,10-Phenanthroline as a Selective Spectrophotometric Agent for Fe(II) Via Homemade CFIA /Merging Zones Technique, Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science, Special Issue. http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/ www.ihsciconf.org, 2017.
N. R. Ahmed, Indirect spectrophotometric determination of captopril in pharmaceutical tablets and spiked environmental samples, Iraqi National Journal of Chemistry, 49, 1-11, 2013.
J. M. Dhabab and T. Kzar , Preconcentration and Determination of Captopril in Different Samples by Cloud Point Extraction Coupling with Uv-Visible Spectrophotometry, 6(2); 609-623, 2016.
M. Elgawish, S. Mostafa and A. Elshanawani, Quantitative determination of captopril, perindopril erbumine, moexipril hydrochloride, and ramipril in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography, Rec. Pharm. Biomed. Sci. 1 (1),22-32, 2017.
K. Veerubhotla and R. B. Walker, Development and Validation of a Stability-indicating RP-HPLC Method Using Quality by Design for Estimating Captopril, Indian J. Pharm. Sci.,81(1):45-56, 2019.
J. Dinicolantonio, H. Fares, A. Niazi, S. Chatterjee,F. Ascenzo and E. Cerrato, "β-Blockers in hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and acute myocardial infarction: a review of the literature". Open heart, 2 (1): e000230, 2015.
World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines.
A. Khataee, R. Lotfi, A. Hasanzadeh, M. Iranifam and S. W. Joo , Flow-injection chemiluminescence analysis for sensitive determination of atenolol using cadmium sulfide quantum dots. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 157, pages 88-95, 2016.
S. Bari, Sh. Sathe, P. Jain and S. Surana , Spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of atenolol in combination with losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and tablet formulation. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2(4):372-5, 2010.
S. A. Zakaria, R. A. Zakaria and N. S. Othman, Spectrophotometric determination of atenolol via oxidation and bleaching color reaction for methyl red dye, J.Physics: Conference Series, 2063, 3rd international virtual conference of Chemistry (IVCC) 14-18 February 2021, Basrah, Iraq.
B. Yilmaz and S. Arslan, Determination of atenolol in human urine by using HPLC. Sep. Sci. Plus. 1(1), 4-10, 2018.
H. Hashem, A. Ehab and E. Magda, A novel stability indicating HPLC-method for simultaneous determination of atenolol and nifedipine in presence of atenolol pharmacopeoial impurities. J. Appl. Pharma. Sci. 5(08), 017-25, 2015.
A. Raoufi , M. Ebrahimi and M. R. Bozorgmehr, Application of response surface modelling and chemometrics methods for the determination of atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol in blood sample using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with HPLC-DAD. J.Chroma. B 1132, 121823, 2019.
W. El-Alfy , O. A. Ismaiel , M. Y. El-Mammli and A. Shalaby , Determination of atenolol and trimetazidine in pharmaceutical tablets and human urine using a high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detection method. Inter. J. Anal. Chem. 20191-8, 2018.
C. G. Regardh, L. Jordo, M. Ervik, P. Lundborg, R. Olsson and O. Ronn, Pharmacokinetics of metoprolol in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 6; 375-388, 1981.
H. C. Swaisland, M. Ranson, R. P. Smith, J. Leadbetter, A. Laight, D. McKillop, M. J. Wild , "Pharmacokinetic drug interactions of gefitinib with rifampicin, itraconazole and metoprolol". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 44 (10): 1067–1081,2005.
M. Cesme, D. Tarinc, and A. Golcu, Spectrophotometric Determination of Metoprolol Tartrate in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms on Complex Formation with Cu(II). Pharmaceuticals , 4, 964-975, 2011.
M. Cesme, D. Tarinc and A. Golcu, Spectrophotometric Determination of Metoprolol Tartrate in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms on Complex Formation with Cu (II). Pharmaceuticals ,4(7):964–75, 2011.
D. M. Prajapati and R. Mashru , Development and Validation of New Smartphone Based Colorimetric Method for Metoprolol succinate in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ; 12(3):108-115, 2022.
P. A. Pandya, P. A. Shah, and P. S. Shrivastav, Simultaneous enantioseparation and simulation studies of atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol on Chiralpak® IG column using supercritical fluid chromatography, 11(6),746-756, 2021.
S. Albers , Jan-Peer Elshoff, Ch. Volker, A. Richter and S. Laer, HPLC quantification of metoprolol with solid-phase extraction for the drug monitoring of pediatric patients. Biomedical chromatography, 19(3), 202–207, 2005.
E. Borenfreund and J. A. Puerner, "Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alterations and neutral red absorption". Toxicology Letters. 24 (2–3): 119–124, 1985.
“British pharmacopeia”, CD ROM, (2009), 5th Edn., system Simulation Ltd the stationary office, London.
G. D. Christian, P. K. Dasgupta, K. A. Schug, “Analytical Chemistry “, 7th Edn., John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York., p.84, 2013.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
