TRIBOLOGICAL IN METAL FORMING PROCESS AND THE USE OF BIO LUBRICANT AS METAL FORMING LUBRICANT: A REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20444Keywords:
Bio-lubricants; metal forming; vegetable oil; cold forging; frictionAbstract
Due to its low scrap, high production rates, and higher yield strength of cold-formed products following forming operation, cold metal forming methods stand out as the most beneficial method of metal forming. The use of metal forming process is one of the major aspects in manufacturing process and the utilised of lubricant is extremely vital. When referring to lubricants, the term "bio-lubricant" refers to a stock that is both renewable and biodegradable. Fats and oils, which are derived from fatty acids, may be reacted with alcohols to create esters. It is crucial for the economy, people, and the environment that lubricants be developed and used efficiently. For this article, we scoured the literature and analyzed the most up-to-date research on the topic of metal forming process improvement and the use of vegetable oil as a metal forming lubricant. This research intends as a case study and demonstrating the tribological analysis in metal forming process and the potential of using bio lubricant in the metal forming. Future manufacture of new oil blends from new and conventional oil sources will be offered to the market for a variety of economic and health concerns.
References
Unver, U., & Kara, O. 2019. Energy Efficiency by Determining the Production Process with the Lowest Energy Consumption in a Steel Forging Facility. Journal of Cleaner Production. 215: 1362-1370.
Yahaya, A., Samion, S., Abidin, U., & Abdul Hamid, M. K. 2023. Different Behaviors of Friction in Open and Closed Forging Test Utilizing Palm Oil-based Lubricants. Lubricants. 11(3): 114.
Aiman, Y., Syahrullail, S., & Hamid, M. K. A. 2022. Optimisation of Friction Surfacing Process Parameters for a1100 Aluminium Utilising Different Derivatives of Palm Oil based on Closed Forging Test. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 1-18.
Zhang, X., Nielsen, C. V., Hansen, N., Silva, C. M., & Martins, P. A. 2019. Local Stress and Strain in Heterogeneously Deformed Aluminum: A Comparison Analysis by Microhardness, Electron Microscopy and Finite Element Modelling. International Journal of Plasticity. 115: 93-110.
Duan, X., & Sheppard, T. 2000. Shape Optimisation using FEA Software: A V-shaped Anvil as an Example. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 120(1-3): 426-431.
Aiman, Y., & Syahrullail, S. 2022. Frictional and Material Deformation of Aluminium Alloy in Cold Forging Test Under Different Derivatives of Palm Oil Lubrication Condition. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. 44(9): 396.
Razak, D. M., Syahrullail, S., Sapawe, N., Azli, Y., & Nuraliza, N. 2015. A New Approach using Palm Olein, Palm Kernel Oil, and Palm Fatty Acid Distillate as Alternative Biolubricants: Improving Tribology in Metal-on-metal Contact. Tribology Transactions. 58(3): 511-517.
Afifah, A. N., Syahrullail, S., Azlee, N. I. W., & Rohah, A. M. 2021. Synthesis and Tribological Studies of Epoxidized Palm Stearin Methyl Ester as a Green Lubricant. Journal of Cleaner Production. 280: 124320.
Sapawe, N., Samion, S., Zulhanafi, P., Nor Azwadi, C. S., & Hanafi, M. F. 2016. Effect of Addition of Tertiary-butyl Hydroquinone into Palm Oil to Reduce Wear and Friction Using Four-ball Tribotester. Tribology Transactions. 59(5): 883-888.
Kiu, S. S. K., Yusup, S., Soon, C. V., Arpin, T., Samion, S., & Kamil, R. N. M. 2017. Tribological Investigation of Graphene as Lubricant Additive in Vegetable Oil. Journal of Physical Science. 28: 257.
Sidik, N. A. C., Khakbaz, M., Jahanshaloo, L., Samion, S., & Darus, A. N. 2013. Sim;ulation of Forced Convection in a Channel with Nanofluid by the Lattice Boltzmann Method. Nanoscale Research Letters. 8: 1-8.
Azman, N. F., Samion, S., & Sot, M. N. H. M. 2018. Investigation of Tribological Properties of CuO/palm Oil Nanolubricant using Pin-on-disc Tribotester. Green Materials. 6(1): 30-37.
Zulhanafi, P., & Syahrullail, S. 2019. The Tribological Performances of Super Olein as Fluid Lubricant using Four-ball Tribotester. Tribology International. 130: 85-93.
Abdul Sani, A. S., Rahim, E. A., & Samion, S. 2017. Tribological Performance of Modified Jatropha Oil Containing Oil-miscible Ionic Liquid for Machining Applications. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 31: 5675-5685.
Rasep, Z., Yazid, M. M., & Samion, S. 2021. Lubrication of Textured Journal Bearing by using Vegetable Oil: A Review of Approaches, Challenges, and Opportunities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 146: 111191.
Canter, N. 2009. Challenges in Formulating Metal-forming Fluids. Tribology & Lubrication Technology. (March): 56-63. Retrieved from www.stle.org.
Allan, T., Oh, S.-1., and Gegel, H. L. 1983. Metal Fonning: Fundamentals and Applications. American Society for Metals, OH, USA.
Altan, T., & Tekkaya, A. E. (Eds.). 2012. Sheet Metal Forming: Processes and Applications. ASM International.
Wenzel, T. 2014. Rapid Die Changes Make Stamper. Retrieved September 01, 2015, from http://www.metalformingmagazine.com.
Aritzur, B. 1983. Handbook of Metal-forming Processes.
Rooks, B. W. 1975. The Effect of Die Temperature on Metal Flow and Die Wear during High-speed Hot Forging. Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Machine Tool Design and Research Conference. Palgrave, London. 487-494.
Dudra, S. P., & Im, Y. T. 1990. Analysis of Void Closure in Open-die Forging. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 30(1): 65-75.
Zhang, D. W., Cui, M. C., Cao, M., Ben, N. Y., & Zhao, S. D. 2017. Determination of Friction Conditions in Cold-rolling Process of Shaft Part by using Incremental Ring Compression Test. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 91(9): 3823-3831.
Hosford, W. F., & Caddell, R. M. 2011. Metal Forming: Mechanics and Metallurgy. Cambridge University Press.
Naman Dave Follow Mechanical Engineer. (n.d.). Metal Forming Processes Full. Share and Discover Knowledge on SlideShare. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.slideshare.net/NamanDave/metal-forming-processes-full-111094605.
Hsia, S. Y., & Shih, P. Y. 2015. Wear Improvement of Tools in the Cold Forging Process for Long Hex Flange Nuts. Materials. 8(10): 6640-6657.
Robinson, T., Ou, H., & Armstrong, C. G. 2004. Study On Ring Compression Test using Physical Modelling and FE Simulation. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 153: 54-59.
Kalpakjian, S., and Schmid, S. R. 2008. Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials. Pearson Education, N.J, USA.
Hutchings, I. M. 1992. Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials. Edward Arnold.
Hafis, S. M., Ridzuan, M. J. M., Farahana, R. N., Ayob, A., & Syahrullail, S. 2013. Paraffinic Mineral Oil Lubrication for Cold Forward Extrusion: Effect of Lubricant Quantity and Friction. Tribology International. 60: 111-115.
Wang, B., Yi, Y., Huang, S., & He, H. 2021. Reduction of Residual Quenching Stresses in 2A14 Aluminum Alloy Tapered Cylinder Forgings via a Novel Cold Bulging Process. Metals. 11(5): 717.
Ridzuan, M. J. M., Majid, M. A., Khasri, A., Gan, E. H. D., Razlan, Z. M., & Syahrullail, S. 2019. Effect of Pineapple Leaf (PALF), Napier, and Hemp Fibres as Filler on the Scratch Resistance of Epoxy Composites. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 6: 5384-5395.
Groche, P., Kramer, P., Bay, N., Christiansen, P., Dubar, L., Hayakawa, K., ... & Moreau, P. 2018. Friction coefficients in cold forging: A global perspective. CIRP Annals. 67(1): 261-264.
Schroeder, W., & Webster, D. A. 1949. Press-forging Thin Sections-effect of Friction, Area, and Thickness on Pressures Required. Journal of Applied Mechanics-transactions of the ASME. 16(3): 289-294.
Van Rooyen, G. T., & Backofen, W. A. 1960. A Study of Interface Friction in Plastic Compression. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 1(1): 1-27.
Wagener, H. W. 1994. Coefficient of Friction in Cold Extrusion. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 44: 283-291.
Shen, G., Vedhanayagam, A., Kropp, E., & Altan, T. 1992. A Method for Evaluating Friction using a Backward Extrusion-type Forging. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 33(1-2): 109-123.
Lee, C. H., & Altan, T. 1972. Influence of Flow Stress and Friction upon Metal Flow in Upset Forging of Rings and Cylinders. J. Eng. Ind. 94(3): 775-782.
Kunogi, M. 1956. A New Method of Cold Extrusion. J. Sci. Res. Inst. 50(1437): 215-246.
Male, A. T and Cockcroft, M. G. 1964. A Method for the Determination of the Coefficient of Friction of Metals under Conditions of Bulk Plastic Deformation. J. Inst. Met. 93: 38.
Amontons, G. 1734. 1699. On the Resistance Originating in Machines. Proceedings of the French Royal Academy of Sciences. 206-222.
Coulomb, C. A. 1785. Premier mémoire sur l’électricité et le magnétisme. Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences. 569.
Tabor, D. 1981. Friction—The Present State of Our Understanding. Journal of Lubrication Technology. 103(2): 169-179.
Chang, W. R., Etsion, I., & Bogy, D. B. 1988. Static Friction Coefficient Model for Metallic Rough Surfaces. Journal of Tribology. 110(1): 57-63.
Tan, X. 2002. Comparisons of Friction Models in Bulk Metal Forming. Tribology International. 35(6): 385-393.
Petersen, S. B., Martins, P. A. F., & Bay, N. 1997. Friction in Bulk Metal Forming: A General Friction Model vs. The Law of Constant Friction. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 66(1-3): 186-194.
Orowan, E. G. O. N. 1943. The Calculation of Roll Pressure in Hot and Cold Flat Rolling. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 150(1): 140-167.
Tan, X. 2002. Comparisons of Friction Models in Bulk Metal Forming. Tribology International. 35(6): 385-393.
Chakrabarty, Jagabanduhu. 2012. Theory of Plasticity. Elsevier.
Koçaker Bahadır. 2003. Product Properties Prediction after Forming Process Sequence. Thesis. METU, Ankara.
Von Karman, T. 1925. On the Theory of Rolling. Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 5: 139-141.
Kunogi, M. 1954. On Plastic Deformation of Hollow Cylinders under Axial Compressive Loading. Journal of Science and Research Institute. 50: 215-246.
Kudo, H. 1960. Some Analytical and Experimental Studies of Axi-symmetric Cold Forging and Extrusion—I. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 2(1-2): 102-127.
Siebel, E. 1930. Resistance and Deformation and the Flow Material during Rolling. Stahl Eisen. 50: 1769.
Sims, R. B. 1954. The Calculation of Roll Force and Torque in Hot Rolling Mills. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 168(1): 191-200.
Alexander, J. M. 1955. A Slip Line Field for the Hot Rolling Process. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 169(1): 1021-1030.
Chodnikiewicz, K., Petersen, S. B., Balendra, R., & Martins, P. A. F. 1997. Loading of Forming Presses by the Upsetting of Oblique Specimens. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 68(1): 13-18.
Harikrishna, C., Davidson, M. J., Srinivasa Raju, P., & Rao, G. S. 2018. Utilization of Ring Compression Test to Investigate the Mushroom Effect and Adhesive Nature of AA2014 Billets. Advanced Materials Research. 1148: 96-102.
Yahaya, A., Samion, S., Musa, M. N., & Skudai, U. T. M. 2020. Determination of Friction Coefficient in the Lubricated Ring Upsetting with Palm Kernel Oil for Cold Forging of Aluminum Alloys. Jurnal Tribologi. 25: 16-28.
Sofuoglu, H., & Rasty, J. 1999. On the Measurement of Friction Coefficient Utilizing the Ring Compression Test. Tribology International. 32(6): 327-335.
Robinson, T., Ou, H., & Armstrong, C. G. 2004. Study on Ring Compression Test using Physical Modelling and FE Simulation. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 153: 54-59.
Zhang, D. W., & Ou, H. 2016. Relationship between Friction Parameters in a Coulomb–Tresca Friction Model for Bulk Metal Forming. Tribology International. 95: 13-18.
Xie, H., Jiang, B., He, J., Xia, X., & Pan, F. 2016. Lubrication Performance of MoS2 and SiO2 Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additives in Magnesium Alloy-steel Contacts. Tribology International. 93: 63-70.
Sigvant, M., Pilthammar, J., Hol, J., Wiebenga, J. H., Chezan, T., Carleer, B., & Van Den Boogaard, A. H. 2016. Friction and Lubrication Modeling in Sheet Metal Forming Simulations of a Volvo XC90 Inner Door. International Deep Drawing Research Group Conference on Challenges in Forming High-Strength Sheets. IDDRG, Linz. 159(1).
Pena-Paras, L., Gutiérrez, J., Irigoyen, M., Lozano, M., Velarde, M., Maldonado-Cortes, D., & Taha-Tijerina, J. 2018, August. Study on the Anti-wear Properties of Metal-forming Lubricants with TiO2 and CuO Nanoparticle Additives. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 400(6): 062022. IOP Publishing.
Lacues, J., Pan, C., Franconville, J. C., Guillot, P., Capellaere, M., Chezan, T., ... & Ferragu, V. 2019, November. Friction and Lubrication in Sheet Metal Forming Simulations: Application to the Renault Talisman Trunk Lid Inner Part. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 651(1): 012001. IOP Publishing.
Nanayakkara, N. K. B. M. P., & Narayanan, R. G. 2019. 4 ChAPtEr Friction and Lubrication in Sustainable Metal Forming. Sustainable Material Forming and Joining. 59.
Zareh-Desari, B., & Davoodi, B. 2016. Assessing the Lubrication Performance of Vegetable Oil-based Nano-lubricants for Environmentally Conscious Metal Forming Processes. Journal of Cleaner Production. 135: 1198-1209.
Lüchinger, M., Velkavrh, I., Kern, K., Baumgartner, M., Klien, S., Diem, A., ... & Tillmann, W. 2018. Development of a Constitutive Model for Friction in Bulk Metal Forming. Lubricants. 6(2): 42.
Rao, K. P., & Wei, J. J. 2001. Performance of a New Dry Lubricant in the Forming of Aluminum Alloy Sheets. Wear. 249(1-2): 85-92.
Butler, L. H. 1957. The Effects of Lubricants on the Surface Appearance of Aluminum after Plastic Deformation. Metallurgia. 2: 63-66.
Fukui, S., Ohi, T., Kudo, H., Takita, I., & Seiko, J. 1962. Some Aspects of Friction in Metal-strip Drawing. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 4(4): 297-312.
Rasp, W. W. C. M., & Wichern, C. M. 2002. Effects of Surface-topography Directionality and Lubrication Condition on Frictional Behaviour during Plastic Deformation. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 125: 379-386.
Loehle, S. 2014. Understanding of Adsorption Mechanism and Tribological Behaviors of C18 Fatty Acids on Iron-based Surfaces: A Molecular Simulation Approach. PhD Thesis. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon.
Schey, J. A. 1983. Metal Processing-Deformation. Handbook of Lubrication. Theory and Practice of Tribology. 2: 317À333.
Bhushan, B. 2009. Biomimetics: Lessons from Nature–An Overview. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society a Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences. 367(1893): 1445-86.
Woydt, M., & Wäsche, R. 2010. The History of the Stribeck Curve and Ball Bearing Steels: The Role of Adolf Martens. Wear. 268(11-12): 1542-1546.
Kawai, N., Saiki, H. and Nakamura, T. 1984. Seizure Mechanism in Cold Extrusion and Forging. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology. 106(3): 257.
Bech, J., Bay, N., Eriksen, M. 1998. A Study of Mechanisms of Liquid Lubrication in Metal Forming. CIRP Ann. 47(1): 221-226.
Shirizly, A., & Lenard, J. 2000. Emulsions Versus Neat Oils in the Cold Rolling of Carbon Steel Strips. Journal of Tribology-Transactions of the ASME. 122(July): 550-556.
Lee, B.H., Keum, Y.T. and Wagoner, R. H. 2002. Modeling of the Friction Caused by Lubrication and Surface Roughness in Sheet Metal Forming. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 130-131: 60-63.
Dick, K. and Lenard, J. G. 2005. The Effect of Roll Roughness and Lubricant Viscosity on the Loads on the Mill During Cold Rolling of Steel Strips. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 168(1): 16-24.
Golshokouh, I., Syahrullail, S., Ani, F. N., & Masjuki, H. H. 2014. Investigation of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Oil as an Alternative to Petrochemical based Lubricant. Journal of Oil Palm Research. 26(1): 25-36.
Syahrullail, S., Zubil, B. M., Azwadi, C. S. N., & Ridzuan, M. J. M. 2009. The Evaluation of Friction Effect of RBD Palm Stearin as Cold Metal Forming Lubricant. National Tribology Conference 2009 - NTC2009. University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Norhayati, A., Maizan, S., Zin, H. M., Wira, J. Y., Nik, W. B. W., & Syahrullail, S. 2012. The Influence of Lubricant Viscos i ty in Cold Work Forward Extrusion Using Micro-Pits Tool. Jurnal Teknologi. 58(2005): 89-93.
Sudeep, U., Pandey, R. K., & Tandon, N. 2013. Effects of Surface Texturing on Friction and Vibration Behaviors of Sliding Lubricated Concentrated Point Contacts under Linear Reciprocating Motion. Tribology International. 62: 198-207.
Lakshmipathy, R. and Sagar, R. 1992. Effect of Die Surface Topography on Die-work Interfacial Friction in Open Die Forging. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 32(5): 685-693.
Kim, D. and Kim, K. 2013. Effects of Sliding Velocity and Normal Load on Friction and Wear Characteristics of Multi-layered Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) Coating Prepared by Reactive Sputtering. Wear. 297(1-2): 722-730.
Laue, K., & Stenger, H. 1981. Extrusion: Processes, Machinery, Tooling United States of America: American Society for Metals. 7.
Batchelor, A. W. and Stachowiak, G. W. 1995. Tribology in Materials Processing. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 48: 503-515.
Geiger, M., Engel, U. and Pfestorf, M. 1997. New Developments for the Qualification of Technical Surfaces in Forming Processes. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology. 46(1): 171-174.
Menezes, P. L., & Kailas, S. V. 2008. On the Effect of Surface Texture on Friction and Transfer Layer Formation—A Study using Al and Steel Pair. Wear. 265(11-12): 1655-1669.
Costa, H.L. and Hutchings, I. M. 2009. Effects of Die Surface Patterning on Lubrication in Strip Drawing. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 209(3): 1175-1180.
Numpon, M. 2010. Study of Size and Strain Rate Effects in the Micro - Extrusion Process. Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
Tiong, C. I., Azli, Y., Kadir, M. R. A., & Syahrullail, S. 2012a. Tribological Evaluation of Refined, Bleached and Deodorized Palm Stearin using Four-ball Tribotester with Different Normal Loads. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A. 13(8): 633-640.
Wang, L., Zhou, J., Duszczyk, J., & Katgerman, L. 2012. Friction in Aluminium Extrusion - Part 1: A Review of Friction Testing Techniques for Aluminium Extrusion. Tribology International. 56: 89-98.
Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH. 2013. Selecting Materials for Punching and Forming Tools and the Heat Treatment thereof. Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH, 01–39. Retrieved from www.dew-stahl.com.
Misirli, C. 2010. An Experimental Study adn Designing Process by using CAD/CAE: In Combined Open Die Forging Process of Different Shaped Geometries from Aluminum Alloy Samples. International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies. 2(1): 55-60.
Kirkhorn, L., Bushlya, V., & Andersson, M. 2013. The Influence of Tool Steel Microstructure on Friction in Sheet Metal Forming. Wear. 302: 1268-1278.
Schubert, A., Jahn, S. F., & Müller, B. 2014. Modular Tool Concept and Process Design for Micro Impact Extrusion. Precision Engineering. 38(1): 57-63.
Haghdadi, N., Zarei-hanzaki, A., Abou-ras, D., Maghsoudi, M. H., & Ghorbani, A. 2014. An investigation into the Homogeneity of Microstructure, Strain Pattern and Hardness of Pure Aluminum Processed by Accumulative Back Extrusion. Materials Science & Engineering A. 595: 179-187.
Kamitani, S., Nakanishi, K., & Guo, Y. 2014. Performance Evaluation of Lubricant for Producing Smooth Surface Product in Cold Extrusion of Aluminum using Tool with Micro- Groove Arrays. Procedia Engineering. 81(October): 1878-1883.
Abusuilik, S. B. 2015. Surface & Coatings Technology Pre-, intermediate, and Post-treatment of Hard Coatings to Improve Their Performance for Forming and Cutting Tools. Surface & Coatings Technology. 284: 384-395.
Jamali, S. S., Faraji, G., & Abrinia, K. 2016. Evaluation of Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of AZ91 Seamless Tubes Produced by Radial-forward Extrusion Method. Materials Science & Engineering A. 666: 176-183.
Lee, H. Y., Noh, J. H., & Hwang, B. B. 2013. Surface Stresses and Flow Modes on Contact Surface in a Combined Double Cup Extrusion Process. Tribology International. 64: 215-224.
Zhang, D., Liu, B., Li, J., Cui, M., & Zhao, S. 2020. Variation of the Friction Conditions in Cold Ring Compression Tests of Medium Carbon Steel. Friction. 8(2): 2.
Tatematsu, Y., Morimoto, M., & Kitamura, K. 2018. Experiment and FE Analysis of Compression of Thick Ring Filled with Oil. Key Engineering Materials. 767: 141-148.
Abdulquadir, B. L., & Adeyemi, M. B. 2008. Evaluations of Vegetable Oil‐based as Lubricants for Metal‐forming Processes. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology.
Priyadarshini, A., Kiran, C. P., & Suresh, K. 2018, March. Effect of Friction on Barreling during Cold Upset Forging of Aluminium 6082 Alloy Solid cylinders. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 330(1): 012072.
Schrader, T., Shirgaokar, M., & Altan, T. 2007. A Critical Evaluation of the Double Cup Extrusion Test for Selection of Cold Forging Lubricants. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 189(1-3): 36-44.
Syahrullail, S., Azwadi, C. S. N., & Ing, T. C. 2011. The Metal Flow Evaluation of Billet Extruded with RBD Palm Stearin. International Review of Mechanical Engineering (I.R.E.M.E). 5(January): 21-27.
Syahrullail, S., Kamitani, S., & Nakanishi, K. 2012. Experimental Evaluation of Refined, Bleached, and Deodorized Palm Olein and Palm Stearin in Cold Extrusion of Aluminum A1050. Tribology Transactions. 55(June 2012 199-209.
Nurul, M. A., & Syahrullail, S. 2015. Lubricant Viscosity: Evaluation between Existing and Alternative Lubricant in Metal Forming Process. Procedia Manufacturing. 2: 470-475.
Nurul, M. A., & Syahrullail, S. 2016. Influence of Micro-pits Indentation and Palm Based-oil on Taper Die Sliding Contact Surface in Cold Extrusion Process. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing. 17(7): 917-930.
Lorenz, R., Hagenah, H., & Merklein, M. 2018. Experimental Evaluation of Cold Forging Lubricants using Double-cup-extrusion-tests. Materials Science Forum. 918: 65-70.
He, H., Huang, S., Yi, Y., & Guo, W. 2017. Simulation and Experimental Research on Isothermal Forging with Semi-closed Die and Multi-stage-change Speed of Large AZ80 Magnesium Alloy Support Beam. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 246: 198-204.
Jung, K. H., Lee, H. C., Kang, S. H., & Im, Y. T. 2008. Effect of Surface Roughness on Friction in Cold Forging. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering. 31(2): 327-334.
Sagisaka, Y., Nakamura, T., Hayakawa, K., & Ishibashi, I. 2013. Evaluation of Environmentally Friendly Lubricant for Aluminum Cold Forging using Friction Test based on Spline Extrusion. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 15(1): 96-101.
Jung, K. H., & Im, Y. T. 2013. Determination of a Dimensionless Equation for Shear Friction Factor in Cold Forging. Journal of Tribology. 135(3).
Hu, C., Ou, H., & Zhao, Z. 2015. Investigation of Tribological Condition in Cold Forging using an Optimized Design of Spike Forging Test. Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 7(5): 1687814015587212.
Al-Shammari, M. A., Zedan, L. Y., & Al-Shammari, A. M. 2018, January. FE Simulation of Multi-stage Cold Forging Process for Metal Shell of Spark Plug Manufacturing. 2018 1st International Scientific Conference of Engineering Sciences-3rd Scientific Conference of Engineering Science (ISCES). IEEE. 209-214
Campen, S., Green, J. H., Lamb, G. D., & Spikes, H. A. 2015. In Situ Study of Model Organic Friction Modifiers using Liquid Cell AFM; Saturated and Mono-unsaturated Carboxylic Acids. Tribology Letters. 57(2): 18.
Wood, M. H., Casford, M. T., Steitz, R., Zarbakhsh, A., Welbourn, R. J. L., & Clarke, S. M. 2016. Comparative adsorption of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids at the iron oxide/oil interface. Langmuir. 32(2): 534-540.
Wan Nik, W. B., Maleque, M. A., Ani, F. N., & Masjuki, H. H. 2007. Experimental Investigation on System Performance using Palm Oil as Hydraulic Fluid. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology. 59(5): 200-208.
Syahrullail, S., Nuraliza, N., Izhan, M. I., Hamid, M. A., & Razaka, D. M. 2013. Wear Characteristic of Palm Olein as Lubricant in Different Rotating Speed. Procedia Engineering. 68: 158-165.
Nurul, M. A., & Syahrullail, S. 2017. Surface Texturing and Alternative Lubricant: Tribological Study of Tapered Die Sliding Contact Surface in Cold Extrusion Process. Tribology Transactions. 60(1): 176-186.
Virtual Lab-Dayalbagh Educational Institute. 2023. Vlabs.ac.in. https://msvs-dei.vlabs.ac.in/Extrusion.php.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
