THE INFLUENCE OF FLY ASH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUTOGENOUS SHRINKAGE AND HYDRATION HEAT IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.21371Keywords:
Autogenous shrinkage, concrete, fly ash, high-performance concrete, hydration heatAbstract
Autogenous shrinkage and heat of hydration are causes of premature cracking in HPC. Making high-performance concrete that has no cracks is a challenge. This research looks at the causes of these premature cracks and the impact of fly ash on these cracks. Observations were made on samples measuring 15 cm ´ 15 cm ´ 60 cm, 3 for HPC, and 3 for HPCfa with fc' 60 MPa. HPCfa is HPC where 10% of the binder is fly ash. One embedded strain gauge was installed on each sample at a distance of 5 cm from the sample. After the concrete was poured, the samples were covered with styrofoam for 24 hours and observations were made every 15 minutes. Data from 3 samples were processed using Dixon's criteria. The results showed that fly ash delays the peak heat of hydration by 4 hours, shortening the peak shrinkage duration to 30%, with a shrinkage value of 57% compared to HPC. Slowing down the occurrence of hydration peaks makes the concrete bond stronger so that it is more resistant to withstanding shrinkage peaks. The greatly reduced peak shrinkage duration means that the period of maximum suffering in young concrete is also shorter. The absence of fly ash means that the peak shrinkage does not immediately decrease because there is no osmotic pressure. Fly ash affects a hydration heat pattern similar to autogenous shrinkage (et). Both have a linear relationship Ht = 357216 et + C. The HPC similarity only reaches the peak of hydration.
References
Niken, C., Anggita, Y. L., Masdar, H., Hasti, R. H. 2023. Autogenous Shrinkage of Normal Concrete Beam with PCC and High-performance Concrete Beam with OPC. ULICosTE, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia.
Jabbar, A. M., Hamood, M. J., Mohammed, D. H. 2021. Mitigation of the Factors Affecting the Autogenous Shrinkage of Ultra-High Performance Concrete. Engineering and Technology Journal. 39(12): 1860-1868. https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_170246_b30f7568febfadfa734a4afc12aebddf.pdf.
Tazawa. 1999 in Tengfei 2011. Autogenous Deformation and Chemical Shrinkage of High Performance Cementitious Systems. A Thesis. Oregon State University. 133 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/50413266_Autogenous_deformation_and_chemical_shrinkage_of_high_performance_cementitious_systems#fullTextFileContent
ASTM C1608. 2017. Standard Test Method for Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste. https://global.ihs.com/doc_detail.cfm?document_name=ASTM%20C1608&item_s_key=00466084.
Choudhary, A., Ghantous, R. M., Opdahl, O. H., Isgor, O. B., Jason, W. W. 2022. Heat of Hydration, Shrinkage, and Flexural Strength of Portland Limestone Cement Mortar. ASTM Celebrating 125 Year. 11(1). https://www.astm.org/acem20210132.html.
Bhavsar, J., Panchal, V. 2022. Ceramic Waste Powder as a Partial Substitute of Fly Ash for Geopolymer Concrete Cured at Ambient Temperature. Civil Engineering Journal. 8(7): 1369-1387. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-05.
Setyarno, I., Cornelis, R., Priyosulityo, H., Rustendi, I. 2022. Effect of the Mortar Volume Ratio on the Mechanical Behavior of Class CI Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete. Civil Engineering Journal. 8(9): 1920-1935. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-012.
Wu, L., Farzadnia, N., Shi, C., Zhang, Z., Hao, W. 2017. Autogenous Shrinkage of High Performance Concrete: A Review. Construction and Building Materials. 149(2): 62-75. Doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.064
Lu, T., Ren, J., Deng, X., Li, Z. 2023. Numerical Study of the Autogenous Shrinkage of Cement Paste with Supplementary Cementitious Materials based on Solidification Theory. Construction and Building Material. 392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131645.
Afroz, S., Zhang, Y., Nguyen, Q.D., Kim, T., Castel, A. 2023. Shrinkage of Blended Cement Concrete with Fly Ash or Limestone Calcined Clay. Materials and Structures. 56(15): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02099-8.
Wang, L., Yu, Z., Liu, B., Zhao, F., Tang, S., Jin, M. 2022. Effects of Fly Ash Dosage on Shrinkage, Crack Resistance and Fractal Characteristics of Face Slab Concrete. Fractal Fractional. 6(6): 335. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6060335.
Zhang, Y., Afroz, S., Nguyen, Q. D., Kim, T., Nguyen, D., Castel, A., Nairn, J., Gilbert, R. I. 2022. Autogenous Shrinkage of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete. Magazine of Concrete Research. 75(6): 283-295. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.21.00300.
Li, Z., Yao, X., Chen, Y., Lu, T., Ye, G. 2020. A Low-Autogenous-shrinkage Alkali-activated Slag and Fly Ash Concrete. Appl. Sci. 10(17): 6092. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10176092.
Pormmoon, P., Charoenamnuaysuk, P., Jaturapitakkul, C., Chindaprasirt, Tangchirapat, W. 2023. Strength, Shrinkage, Heat Evolution, and Microstructure of High Performance Concrete Containing High Proportions of Ground Bottom Ash Blended with Fly ash. Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650373.2023.2214138.
Sun, H., Fu, W., Zhou, W., Liu, Y. 2020. Effect of Chemical Shrinkage and Temperature Shrinkage on Early Cracking of Recycled Concrete. Asia-Pasific Journal of Chemical Engineering. 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.2505.
Kim, G. Y., Lee, H. J., Lee, E. B., Koo, K. M. 2009. SP 261-15 Analysis of the Relation between Hydration Heat and Autogenous Shrinkage of Concrete at Early Ages. American Concrete Institute, USA. 215-231. https://pu.go.id/pustaka/biblio/sp-261-15-analysis-of-the-relation-between-hydration-heat-and-autogenous-shrinkage-of-concrete-at-early-ages/876G7.
Moghaddam, F., Sirivivatnanon, V., Vessalas, K. 2019. The Effect of Fly Ash Fineness on Heat of Hydration, Microstructure, Flow and Compressive Strength of Blended Cement Pastes. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 10: e00218. Doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00218.
Hu, Z. 2017. Prediction of Autogenous Shrinkage in Fly Ash Blended Cements Systems. PhD Thesis. EPFL. https://doi.org/10.5075/epfl-thesis-7829.
Nistratov, A. V., Klimenko, N. N., Pustynnikov, I. V., Vu, L. K. 2022. Thermal Regeneration and Reuse of Carbon and Glass Fibers from Waste Composites. Emerging Science Journal. 6(5): 967-984. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-05-04.
Niken, C., Elly, T, Supartono, F. X. 2017. Long-term Deformation of Beam and Column of High Performance Concrete. International Journal of Technology. 8(5): 811-819. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v8i5.863.
ACI Committee. ACI 211.4R-93, Guide for Selecting Proportions for High-Strength Concrete with Portland Cement and Fly Ash.
ACI 209R-92. 1992. Prediction of Creep, Shrinkage, and Temperature Effects in Concrete Structure. American Concrete Institute. 1-47
ASTM E178-02., 2008. Standard Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observation, American Society for Testing and Materials. 1-18.
Paulini. 1992. Holt, E. E. 2001. Early Age Autogenous Shrinkage of Concrete. VTT Publication, Technical Research Centre of Finland. https://www.vttresearch.com/sites/default/files/pdf/publications/2001/P446.pdf.
Termkhajornkit, P., Nawa, T. 2006. A Study of Composition of C-S-H Gel in Cement Paste. Recent Development of Concrete Technology and Structure. Second ACF International Conference.
Termkhajornkit, P., Nawa,T., Kurumisawa, K. 2005. A Study of Fly Ash-cement Hydration by Rietveld Analysis and Selective Dissolution. JCI. 27(1): 169-174
Taylor, H. F. W. 1997. Cement Chemistry. 2nd Edition. Thomas Telford. London https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Cement_Chemistry.html?id=1BOETtwi7mMC&redir_esc=y.
Sánchez de Rojas Gómez, M. I., Frías Rojas, M. 2013. 4 - Natural Pozzolans. Eco-Efficient Concrete. 83-104 https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857098993.2.83.
Wongkeo, W., Thongsanitgarn, P., Poon, C-S, Chaipanich, A. 2019. Heat of Hydration of Cement Paste Containing High Volume Fly Ash and Silica Fume. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 138: 2065-2075. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10973-019-08641-7.
Niken, C. 2019. Early-age Shrinkage of High-performance Concrete Beam in Laboratory and Full-scale. Civil and Environmental Research Journal. 11(9): 43-50.
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/CER/article/view/47815/49398.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
