Bitumen Emulsion in Malaysia–A Conspectus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v65.2153Keywords:
Bitumen emulsion, polymer, pavement, cationic, anionicAbstract
Bitumen emulsion is an important building material, especially in highway pavement construction. It is a mixture of bitumen (asphalt), water and emulsifying agent, dispersed in tiny particles in an aqueous medium. It is an important material widely used in the pavement construction ever since the first introduction in the year 1900’s. This paper aims to provide an overview and an understanding among the practitioners on the bitumen emulsion from the manufacturing process, naming and categorizing to its potential application. Bitumen emulsion can be manufactured in a batch plant or in-line plant. Being water based, it is capable to be applied under ambient temperature besides being more environmental friendly. Categorizing the bitumen emulsion is simple but the naming may differs slightly according to local specification. Continuous research also has end up in the modification of conventional bitumen emulsion using polymers to produce polymer modified bitumen (PMB) emulsion which decreases thermal susceptibility and permanent deformation (rutting). It has resulted in even wider application of bitumen emulsion as in microsurfacing, slurry seal and cape seal.
References
A. Redman. 2010. Emulsion Basics. (http://www.pavementpreservation.org/wp-content/uploads/presentations/adamredmanEmulsion%20Basics.pdf).
A. James. Asphalt Emulsions Future Directions. (http://www.slurry.org/index.php/news-a-publications/papers-aamp-presentations-mainmenu-46/2006-annual-meeting/doc_view/81-james-alan).
R. N. Hunter. 2000. Asphalts in Road Construction. London: Thomas Telford.
P. G. Lavin. 2003. Asphalts Pavements. London and New York: Spon Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
P. H. Wright and K. K. Dixon. 2004. Highway Engineering. 7th Edition. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
F. L. Roberts, P. S. Kandhal, E. R. Brown, D. Y. Lee and T. W. Kennedy. 1996. Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Mixture Design and Construction. United States of America: National Centre for Asphalt Technology.
N. Thom. 2008. Principles of Pavement Engineering. London: Thomas Telford.
P. Becher. 1977. Emulsions: Theory and Practice. R. E. Krieger Pub. Co.
G. L. Baumgardner. 2006. Asphalt Emulsion Manufacturing Today and Tomorrow. Transportation Research Circular Number E-C102. Washington: Transportation Research Board of National Academies.
Malaysia Standard MS161. 1994. Specification For Cationic Bitumen Emulsions For Use in Pavement Applications (First Revision). Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia.
A. James. 2006. Overview of Asphalt Emulsion. Transportation Research Circular Number E-C102. Washington: Transportation Research Board of National Academies.
AkzoNobel. Bitumen Emulsion. Technical Bulletin. AkzoNobel.
M. A. Shafii, M. Y. A. Rahman, and J. Ahmad. 2011. Polymer Modified Asphalt Emulsion. International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering. 11(6): 43–49.
J. B. Johnston, G. King. 2008. Using Polymer Modified Asphalt Emulsions in Surface Treatments. Federal Lands Highway Interim Report.
BS EN 13808. 2005. Bitumen and Bituminous Binders. Framework For Specifying Cationic Bituminous Emulsions. British Standard Institution.
BS434. 2011. Bitumen Road Emulsions. Specification for Anionic Bitumen Road Emulsions. British Standard Instituition.
ASTM D2397. 2012. Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt. American Society for Testing and Materials.
N. K. S. Pundhir. 2012. Construction Of Rural Roads With Cationic Bitumen Emulsion Based Cold Mix Technology. Central Road Research Institute.
J. Afsar. 2012. Pavement Binding Material. (http://www.engineeringintro.com/2012/03/pavement-binding-materials/)
National Center for Pavement Preservation. Polymer Modified Asphalt Emulsions - Composition, Uses & Specifications for Surface Treatments. National Center for Pavement Preservation.
ASTM D977. 1998. Standard Specification For Emulsified Asphalt. American Society for Testing and Materials.
Caltrans. 2009. Tack Coat Guidelines. California Department of Transportation.
A. Banerjee, J. A. Prozzi, A. F. Smit, A. Bhasin, and J. P. Aguiar-Moya. 2010. Curing Rates for Asphalt Emulsions. Transportation Research Board 89th Annual Meeting.
OHIO. 2001. Proper Tack Coat Application. Technical Bulletin, Flexible Pavements of OHIO.
K. M. Eweed. 2011. Polymeric Additives Effect on Mechanical Properties for Bitumen Based Composites. Eng. & Tech. Journal. 29(12).
C. Drakos. 2005. Final Report on Guidelines for Use of Modified Binders. Florida department of transportation, Florida.
C. Gorkem and B. Sengoz. 2009. Predicting Stripping and Moisture Induced Damage of Asphalt Concrete Prepared with Polymer Modified Bitumen and Hydrated Lime. Construction and Building Materials. 23: 2227–2236.
P. Kumar, H. C. Mehndiratta, and K. L. Singh. 2009. Rheological Properties of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen-A Lab Study. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research. 68(September): 812–816.
Asphalt Academy. 2007. The use of Modified Bituminous Binders in Road Construction Second Edition. Technical Guideline, Asphalt Academy.
J. S. Kim, J. H. Yun, I. Kim, and S. E. Shim. 2011. Electrical Properties of Graphene/SBR Nanocomposite Prepared by Latex. Journal of Industrial end Engineering Chemistry. 17: 325–330.
J. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. Wu, W. Sun, and Y. Wang. 2009. Thermal Behaviour and Improved Properties of SBR and SBR/Natural Bitumen Modified Bitumens. Iranian Polymer Journal. 18(6): 465–478.
J. Zhang, Y. Wu, J. Wang, Y. Wang, and Y. Wang. 2007. Improved Properties of Weathered Coal and SBR/Weathered Coal Compound Modified Asphalt. Iranian Polymer Journal. 16(4): 251–259.
V. R. Riley and I. Razl. 1974. Polymer Additives For Cement Composites: A Review. Defense Technical Information Center. 27–33.
W. Trakarnpruk and R. Chanathup. 2005. Physical and Rheological Properties of Asphalts Modified with Polyethylene-co-methylacrylate and Acids. Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. 15(2): 79–87.
G. Zou and J. Yu. 1997. Effects of Interface Modifier on Asphalt Concrete Mixture Performance and Analysis of its Mechanism. Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering. 5(6): 419–427.
J. Qian, Q. An, and G. Zhou. 2003. Study on Conformational Transition of EVA Random Copolymer in Selective Solvent Mixtures. European Polymer Journal. 39(2): 375–379.
X. E. Cai and H. Shen.1999. Apparent Activation Energies of the Non-Isothermal Degradation of EVA Copolymer. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 55: 67–76.
I. a. Hussein, M. H. Iqbal, and H. I. Al-Abdul-Wahhab.2005. Influence of Mw of LDPE and Vinyl Acetate Content of EVA on the Rheology of Polymer Modified Asphalt, Rheologica Acta. 45(1): 92–104.
O. González, M. E. Muñoz, A. SantamarıÌa, M. GarcıÌa-Morales, F. J. Navarro, and P. Partal. 2004. Rheology and stability of bitumen/EVA blends. European Polymer Journal. 40(10): 2365–2372.
ACP-DMT Sdn Bhd. Bitumen Emulsions. (http://www.mtdacpi.com/e107_files/downloads/bitumen_emulsions.pdf)
Kemaman Bitumen Company. 2008. Product trial:CRS-2P for Chip seal.
(http://www.qiaoxinguan.com/imgs/KBC/subpage/news_detail.asp?Id=4)
HCM Engineering Sdn Bhd. 2001. Success in Malaysia for Cold Recycling Methods. (http://www.hcme.com.my/hcmev2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=108:success-in-malaysia-for-cold-recycling-methods-&catid=51:articles-link&Itemid=179)
J. Muller, G. Van Zyl, and D. Sadler. 2012. Bitumen Emulsion In Sprayed Seals : Experience And Current Best Practice In South Africa. 2012 International Symposium on Asphalt Emulsion Technology.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
