Self-regulatory Efficacy as Potential Moderator on the Relationship Between Organisational Formal Controls, Perceived Group Norms and Workplace Deviance : A Proposed Framework

Authors

  • Kabiru Maitama Kura Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
  • Faridahwati Mohd. Shamsudin Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
  • Ajay Chauhan Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v64.2232

Keywords:

Workplace deviance, formal control, perceived group norm, conceptual framework

Abstract

Several factors have been suggested to explain why employees engage in deviant behaviour at the workplace. To date, some of the factors that have been considered include perceived organisational politics perceived organizational justice, organizational trust, group cohesiveness and group identity, among others. Despite these studies, however, few studies have attempted to consider the influence of organisational formal controls and perceived group norms on workplace deviance. Even if any, they have reported conflicting findings. Therefore, a moderating variable is suggested. This paper proposes self-regulatory efficacy as potential moderator on the relationship between organisational formal controls, perceived group norms and workplace deviance.

References

Ackroyd, S. & Thompson, P. 1999. Organizational Misbehaviour. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

Akins, C. K. 2004. The Role of Pavlovian conditioning in Sexual Behavior: A Comparative Analysis of Human and Nonhuman Animals. International Journal of Comparative Psychology. 17(2).

Ambrose, M. L., Seabright, M. A., & Schminke, M. 2002. Sabotage in the Workplace: The Role of Organizational Injustice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 89: 947–965. doi: 10.1016/s0749-5978(02)00037-7.

Aquino, K., Galperin, B. L., & Bennett, R. J. 2004. Social Status and Aggressiveness as Moderators of the Relationship Between Interactional Justice and Workplace Deviance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 34: 1001–1029. doi: doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02581.x.

Bamberger, P. & Biron, M. 2007. Group Norms and Excessive Absenteeism: The Role of Peer Referent Others. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 103: 179–196. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.03.003.

Bandura, A. 1986. The Explanatory and Predictive Scope of Self-Efficacy Theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 4: 359–373.

Bandura, A. 1993. Perceived Self-Efficacy in Cognitive Development and Functioning. Educational Psychologist. 28(2): 117–148. doi: 10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3.

Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Gerbino, M., & Pastorelli, C. 2003. Role of Affective Self-Regulatory Efficacy in Diverse Spheres of Psychosocial Functioning. Child Development. 74: 769–782.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. 1986. The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 51: 1173–1182. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.

Bello, D. C., & Gilliland, D. I. 1997. The Effect of Output Controls, Process Controls, and Flexibility on Export Channel Performance. The Journal of Marketing. 22–38.

Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. 2000. Development of a Measure of Workplace Deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology. 85: 349–360. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.349.

Brown, S. D., Lent, R. W., & Larkin, K. C. 1989. Self-efficacy as a Moderator of Scholastic Aptitude-Academic Performance Relationships. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 35(1): 64–75. doi: 10.1016/0001-8791(89)90048-1.

Cai, S., & Yang, Z. 2008. Development of Cooperative Norms in the Buyer-Supplier Relationship: The Chinese Experience. Journal of Supply Chain Management. 44(1): 55–70. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-493X.2008.00045.x.

Caprara, G. V., Regalia, C., & Bandura, A. 2002. Longitudinal Impact of Perceived Self-Regulatory Efficacy on Violent Conduct. European Psychologist. 7(1): 63–69. doi: 10.1027//1016-9040.7.1.63.

Caprara, G. V., Scabini, E., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C., Regalia, C., & Bandura, A. 1998. Impact of Adolescents' Perceived Self-Regulatory Efficacy on Familial Communication and Antisocial Conduct. European Psychologist. 3: 125–132. doi: 10.1027//1016-9040.3.2.125.

Caprara, G. V., & Steca, P. 2005. Affective and Social Self-Regulatory Efficacy Beliefs as Determinants of Positive Thinking and Happiness. European Psychologist. 10: 275–286. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040.10.4.275.

Challagalla, G. N., & Shervani, T. A. 1996. Dimensions and Types of Supervisory Control: Effects on Salesperson Performance and Satisfaction. The Journal of Marketing. 89–105.

Chi-Ko, K., Wing Tung, A., & Ho, J. M. C. 2005. Normative Controls and Self-Reported Counterproductive Behaviors in the Workplace in China. Applied Psychology: An International Review. 54: 456–475. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2005.00220.x.

Dabney, D. 1995. Workplace Deviance Among Nurses: The Influence of Work Group Norms on Drug Diversion and/or Use. Journal of Nursing Administration. 25(3): 48–55.

de Lara, P. Z. M., Tacoronte, D. V., & Ding, J. M. T. 2006. Do Current Anti-cyberloafing Disciplinary Practices Have a Replica in Research Findings?: A Study of the Effects of Coercive Strategies on Workplace Internet Misuse. Internet Research. 16: 450–467.

Detert, J. R., Treviño, L. K., Burris, E. R., & Andiappan, M. 2007. Managerial Modes of Influence and Counterproductivity in Organizations: A Longitudinal Business-Unit-Level Investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology. 92: 993–1005 doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.993.

Devonish, D., & Greenidge, D. 2010. The Effect of Organizational Justice on Contextual Performance, Counterproductive Work Behaviors, and Task Performance: Investigating the Moderating Role of Ability-Based Emotional Intelligence. International Journal of Selection and Assessment. 18: 75–86. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2010.00490.x.

Dineen, B. R., Lewicki, R. J., & Tomlinson, E. C. 2006. Supervisory guidance and behavioral integrity: Relationships with employee citizenship and deviant behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 622-635. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.3.622

Eder, P., & Eisenberger, R. 2008. Perceived organizational support: Reducing the negative influence of coworker withdrawal behavior. Journal of Management, 34(1), 55-68.

Ehrhart, M. G., & Naumann, S. E. 2004. Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Work Groups: A Group Norms Approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 960-974. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.960

Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. 1986. Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500-507. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500

Elangovan, A. R., & Shapiro, D. L. 1998. Betrayal of Trust in Organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 547-566.

Elek, E., Miller-Day, M., & Hecht, M. L. 2006. Influences of personal, injunctive, and descriptive norms on early adolescent substance use. Journal of Drug Issues, 36(147-171). doi: 10.1177/002204260603600107

Evans, K. R., Landry, T. D., Po-Chien, L., & Shaoming, Z. 2007. How sales controls affect job-related outcomes: the role of organizational sales-related psychological climate perceptions. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35, 445-459.

Fang, E., Evans, K. R., & Zou, S. 2005. The moderating effect of goal-setting characteristics on the sales control systems–job performance relationship. Journal of Business Research, 58, 1214-1222.

Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., & Heller, D. 2009. Organizational Supports and Organizational Deviance: The Mediating Role of Organization-based Self-esteem. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 108: 279–286. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.09.001.

Flamholtz, E. G., Das, T., & Tsui, A. S. 1985. Toward an Integrative Framework of Organizational Control. Accounting, Organizations and Society. 10(1): 35–50.

Fox, S., Spector, P. E., & Miles, D. 2001. Counterproductive Work Behaviour (CWB) in Response to Job Stressors and Organizational Justice: Some Mediator and Moderator Tests for Autonomy and Emotions. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 59: 291–309. doi: 10.1006/jvbe.2001.1803.

Frone, M. R., & Brown, A. L. 2010. Workplace Substance-Use Norms as Predictors of Employee Substance Use and Impairment: A Survey of US Workers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 71: 526–534.

Gellatly, I. R. 1995. Individual and Group Determinants of Employee Absenteeism: Test of a Causal Model. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 16: 469–485. doi: doi: 10.1002/job.4030160507.

Gemzøe Mikkelsen, E., & Einarsen, S. 2002. Relationships between Exposure to Bullying at Work and Psychological and Psychosomatic Health Complaints: The Role of State Negative Affectivity and Generalized Self–Efficacy. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 43: 397–405. doi: 10.1111/1467-9450.00307.

Hollinger, R. C., & Adams, A. 2010. National Retail Security Survey.

Hollinger, R. C., & Clark, J. P. 1982. Formal and Informal Social Controls of Employee Deviance. The Sociological Quarterly. 23: 333–343.

Janicik, G. A., & Bartel, C. A. 2003. Talking about Time: Effects of Temporal Planning and Time Awareness Norms on Group Coordination and Performance. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice. 7(2): 122–134. doi: 10.1037/1089-2699.7.2.122.

Jaworski, B. J. 1988. Toward a Theory of Marketing Control: Environmental Context, Control Types, and Consequences. The Journal of Marketing. 52: 23–39.

Kelly, R. B., Zyzanski, S. J., & Alemagno, S. A. 1991. Prediction of Motivation and Behaviour Change Following Health Promotion: Role of Health Beliefs, Social Support, and Self-Efficacy. Social Science & Medicine. 32: 311–320. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90109-p.

Khakwani, S., Aslam, H. D., Ashraf, F., Javad, T., & Shabbir, F. 2012. Role of Control Modes in Improving Performance: An Essential Facet for Managing Human Resources. Journal of Educational and Social Research. 2: 241–248.

Kivlighan, D. M., Jr., Kivlighan, D. M., III, & Cole, O. D. 2012. The Group's Absence Norm and Commitment to the Group as Predictors of Group Member Absence in the Next Session: An Actor–Partner Analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 59(1): 41–49. doi: 10.1037/a0025506.

Langerak, F. 2001. Effects of Market Orientation on the Behaviors of Salespersons and Purchasers, Channel Relationships, and Performance of Manufacturers. International Journal of Research in Marketing. 18: 221–234. doi: 10.1300/J033v08n02_04.

Lawrence, T. B., & Robinson, S. L. 2007. Ain't Misbehavin: Workplace Deviance as Organizational Resistance. Journal of Management. 33: 378–394. doi: 10.1177/0149206307300816.

Levi, D. 2011. Group Dynamics for Teams. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Merchant, K. A. 1998. Modern Management Control Systems: Text and Cases. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Miao, C. F., & Evans, K. R. 2012. Effects of Formal Sales Control Systems: A Combinatory Perspective. International Journal of Research in Marketing.

Moorman, R. H., & Blakely, G. L. 1995. Individualism-collectivism as an Individual Difference Predictor of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 16(2): 127–142. doi: 10.1002/job.4030160204.

Ng, K. Y., & Van Dyne, L. 2005. Antecedents and Performance Consequences of Helping Behavior in Work Groups. Group & Organization Management. 30: 514–540. doi: 10.1177/1059601104269107.

Niehoff, B. P., & Paul, R. J. 2000. Causes of Employee Theft and Strategies that HR Managers Can Use for Prevention. Human Resource Management. 39(1): 51–64.

Ouchi, W. G. 1979. A Conceptual Framework for the Design of Organizational Control Mechanisms. Management Science. 833–848.

Parilla, P. F., Hollinger, R. C., & Clark, J. P. 1988. Organizational Control of Deviant Behavior: The Case of Employee Theft. Social Science Quarterly. 69: 261–280.

Parks, C. D. 2004. Group norms. In J. M. Burns, G. R. Goethals & G. J. Sorenson (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 627–630.

Penney, L. M., & Spector, P. E. 2005. Job Stress, Incivility, and Counterproductive Work Behaviour (CWB): The Moderating Role of Negative Affectivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 26: 777–796. doi: 10.1002/job.336.

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. 2010. Organizational Behaviour. 14 ed. New York: Prentice Hall.

Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. 1995. A Typology of Deviant Workplace Behaviors: A Multidimensional Scaling Study. Academy of Management Journal. 38: 555–572.

Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. 1997. Workplace deviance: Its definition, its manifestations, and its causes. Research on Negotiations in Organizations,, 6, 3-27.

Shamsudin, F. M. 2006. Organisational Misbehaviour. Akademika. 69: 57-82.

Shamsudin, F. M., Chauhan, A., & Kura, K. M. 2012. Self-control as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Formal Control and Workplace Deviance: A Proposed Framework. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research. 2(6): Forth-coming.

Smith, J. R., & McSweeney, A. 2007. Charitable Giving: The Effectiveness of a Revised Theory of Planned Behaviour Model in Predicting Donating Intentions and Behaviour. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology. 17: 363–386. doi: 10.1002/casp.906.

Snell, S. A. 1992. Control Theory in Strategic Human Resource Management: The Mediating Effect of Administrative Information. Academy of Management Journal. 35: 292–327.

Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. 2002. An Emotion-Centered Model of Voluntary Work Behaviour - Some Parallels Between Counterproductive Work Behaviour and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Human Resource Management Review. 12: 269–292. doi: 10.1016/s1053-4822(02)00049-9.

Strecher, V. J., McEvoy DeVellis, B., Becker, M. H., & Rosenstock, I. M. 1986. The Role of Self-Efficacy in Achieving Health Behaviour Change. Health Education & Behaviour. 13(1): 73–92. doi: 10.1177/109019818601300108

Thau, S., Crossley, C., Bennett, R. J., & Sczesny, S. 2007. The Relationship Between Trust, Attachment, and Antisocial Work Behaviors. Human Relations. 60: 1155–1179.

á¹¾ardi, Y., & Weitz, E. 2001. Lead Them Not Into Temptation: Job Autonomy as an Antecedent of Organizational Misbehavior.

Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., & Zhu, W. 2008. How Transformational Leadership Weaves Its Influence on Individual Job Performance: The Role of Identification and Efficacy Beliefs. Personnel Psychology. 61: 793–825. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2008.00131.x.

Walumbwa, F. O., Lawler, J. J., Avolio, B. J., Peng, W., & Kan, S. 2005. Transformational Leadership and Work-Related Attitudes: The Moderating Effects of Collective and Self-Efficacy Across Cultures. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. 11(3): 2–16. doi: 10.1177/107179190501100301.

Wang, G., Dou, W., & Zhou, N. 2012. The Interactive Effects of Sales Force Controls on Salespeople Behaviors and Customer Outcomes. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management. 32(2): 225–244. doi: 10.2753/PSS0885-3134320204.

WBI. 2010. The United States Workplace Bullying Survey. United States: Workplace Bullying Institute.

Zimmerman, B. J., Bandura, A., & Martinez-Pons, M. 1992. Self-Motivation for Academic Attainment: The Role of Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Personal Goal Setting. American Educational Research Journal. 29: 663–676. doi: 10.3102/00028312029003663.

Downloads

Published

2013-10-15

Issue

Section

Social Sciences

How to Cite

Self-regulatory Efficacy as Potential Moderator on the Relationship Between Organisational Formal Controls, Perceived Group Norms and Workplace Deviance : A Proposed Framework. (2013). Jurnal Teknologi, 64(2). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v64.2232