ENHANCED RULE-BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR A PHOTOVOLTAIC-WIND-BATTERY-DIESEL STANDALONE MICROGRID CONSIDERING DEMAND RESPONSE PROGRAM

Abstract

A robust energy management strategy is essential for microgrid operations due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. This paper introduces the Enhanced Rule-Based Energy Management Strategy (ERB-EMS) for a photovoltaic-wind-battery-diesel standalone microgrid. The ERB-EMS integrates a day-ahead load shifting mechanism and an intra-day dispatch method to reduce reliance on conventional generators, thereby lowering costs and greenhouse gas emissions. The scheduling process begins day-ahead, with the system identifying periods of excess renewable energy generation and unmet load, and schedules load shifting accordingly. On the next day, real-time adjustments based on day-ahead planning and operational constraints are made. Simulation results from a case study conducted on the remote island of Ouessant show that ERB-EMS reduces diesel generator utilization from 228,150 kWh to 106,373 kWh, compared to the cycle charging (CC) and load following (LF) strategies. Finally, configuration optimization using the Iterative-Pareto-Fuzzy (IPF) under different energy management strategies, considering the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), penalty for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, and annual internal energy loss of microgrid components, demonstrates that ERB-EMS outperforms other strategies. With an LCOE of 0.205 $/kWh, a GHG emissions’ penalty of $2,220, and an energy loss of 69,537 kWh, ERB-EMS proves to be an effective solution for reducing costs and emissions in microgrid operations.