THE EFFECT OF EXPLANT TYPE AND PICLORAM CONCENTRATION ON PRIMARY CALLUS INDUCTION AND SOMATIC EMBRYO FORMATION OF CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta CRANTZ)

Authors

  • Fitri Yelli Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, 35145, Indonesia
  • Dwi Hapsoro Agronomy dan Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, 35145, Indonesia
  • Setyo Dwi Utomo Agronomy dan Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, 35145, Indonesia
  • Dewi Sukma Agronomy dan Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
  • Sintho Wahyuning Ardie Agronomy dan Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
  • Ifan Maulana Putra Agronomy dan Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
  • Wahyuni Research Center for Genetic Enginering, National Research and Inovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v88.23043

Keywords:

Cassava, Somatic embryogenesis induction, embryo regeneration, Explant types, Picloram

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the leading agricultural commodities in Indonesia. Based on FAO records in 2016, cassava production reached up to 20,744,674 tons in Indonesia. Anticipating a demand of around 30 million tons of fresh cassava by 2025, an increase of cassava production by about 27% is necessary. One way to increase the productivity of cassava is by providing uniform and mass-produced cassava stem-cuttings from superior varieties. Somatic embryogenesis is a potential efficient method for cassava micropropagation. This research aimed to optimize the somatic embryogenesis induction and regeneration of cassava clone UJ 5. Two explant types, E1 (young leaf explants) and E2 (mature leaf explants), and four levels of picloram concentrations (M1=7.5 mg l-1, M2=10 mg l-1, M3=12.5 mg l-1, and M4=15.0 mg l-1 picloram) were tested. Each treatment supplemented with 6 mg l-1 NAA. Results showed that the optimal explant for somatic embryo induction was identified from treatment utilizing E1 explants with M1 treatment. In contrast, the M4 treatment showed the optimal treatment for inducing somatic embryogenesis using E2 as explants. The somatic embryos developed E1 and E2 explants in all treatments showed similar subsequent developmental stages, i.e. globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledon across both explant types, exhibiting varying percentages of embryo formation.

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Published

2026-06-16

Issue

Vol. 88 No. 4: July 2026

Section

Science and Engineering

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