VIRULENCE FACTORS AND MECHANISMS OF STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE INFECTION IN TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS SPP.): A REVIEW AND BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Authors

  • Hassan I. Sheikh ᵃFaculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia ᵇAquatic Health and Disease (AHAD), Research Interest Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
  • Anis Fadhlina Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Mohd Hafiz Arzmi Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Widya Lestari Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
  • Baiduri Nordin Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
  • Nurhalimah Paharuddin Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
  • Tuan Mohd Shahrulah Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v88.23322

Keywords:

Bibliometric, Streptococcus agalactiae, virulence factor, capsular polysaccharide, VOSviewer

Abstract

Tilapia, a globally significant fish in aquaculture, faces the threat of Streptococcus agalactiae infections, leading to severe financial losses in the aquaculture sector. This emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of virulence factors driving pathogenicity. This bibliometric review synthesizes scientific studies on the S. agalactiae’s virulence factors, aiming to elucidate key genes influencing bacterial attachment and adhesion in fish hosts. Data from 115 relevant documents retrieved through Scopus database were analyzed using the VOSviewer application for keyword relationships. The results highlighted clusters related to virulence genes, infected organs, and clinical signs associated with S. agalactiae infections in tilapia. Capsular polysaccharides (CPs) emerged as a crucial virulence factor, with the brain being the major infected organ. Meningitis, lesions/necrosis, and hemorrhage were identified as primary clinical signs. The proposed mechanism outlines how S. agalactiae utilizes virulence genes to penetrate the fish’s digestive system, evade the immune system, and cause systemic infections. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the importance of capsular polysaccharides as a key virulence factor in S. agalactiae infections in tilapia. Understanding the signaling response of Group B Streptococcus becomes crucial for devising effective vaccines to enhance the fish’s immune responsiveness and detect S. agalactiae infections more efficiently.

 

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2026-02-27

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Vol. 88 No. 2: March 2026

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Science and Engineering

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