HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLES: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE STRENGTHS AND CHALLENGES

Authors

  • Fatin Nadzirah Zul Ariffin Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
  • Juliza Jamaludin Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
  • Bushra Naeem Information Technology Department, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan
  • Marriam Manzoor Information Technology Department, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v88.23684

Keywords:

Hydrogen car, fuel cell, sustainable transportation

Abstract

Several countries are currently developing hydrogen-powered vehicle technology. However, this technological innovation has to be improved further. This is due to existing technology's limitations in terms of efficiency, cost, and infrastructure for hydrogen refueling systems. Therefore, this systematic review explores the current state of research on hydrogen-powered cars, focusing on technological advancements, environmental impacts, and future prospects. A comprehensive search of scholarly databases yielded a diverse range of studies published between 2019 and 2025. The analysis reveals a growing body of literature addressing key aspects of hydrogen car strengths and challenges. This study follows the PRISMA methodology, with literature collected from two databases, Scopus and ProQuest. After screening and eligibility assessment, 19 papers were included in the final analysis. The review synthesizes findings related to hydrogen fuel cell technology, addressing efficiency improvements, cost reductions, refueling time, traveling range, and the source of hydrogen. This assessment emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research and cooperation to address current obstacles and maximize the capabilities of hydrogen-fuelled vehicles as the world moves towards sustainable transportation options. The synthesis of diverse perspectives presented in this systematic review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders interested in the ongoing evolution of hydrogen as a viable alternative in the automotive sector.

Author Biographies

  • Bushra Naeem, Information Technology Department, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan

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  • Marriam Manzoor, Information Technology Department, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan

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Published

2026-08-29

Issue

Vol. 88 No. 5: September 2026

Section

Science and Engineering

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