DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT, NITRIC OXIDE SCAVENGING ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT FROM PROPOLIS OF GENIOTRIGONA THORACICA

Authors

  • Muhammad Amir Fikri MD Fauzi School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22000, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
  • Nor Atiqah Jusril School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22000, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
  • Ahmad Nazif Aziz Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
  • Khamsah Suryati Mohd School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22000, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v88.24481

Keywords:

Propolis, Geniotrigona thoracica, antioksidan, aktiviti penghapusan nitrik oksida

Abstract

Propolis, a substance stingless bees produce for nest construction and protection, has attracted great interest because of its potential biological effects. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content of Geniotrigona thoracica (G. thoracica) propolis from two locations, namely Ketereh (K) and Besut Apiary (A). Propolis undergoes maceration with methanol for three days to form methanol extract (ME) and fractionation to afford hexane (HEX: FR), dichloromethane (DCM: FR) and methanol fractions (MeOH: FR) for both locations. TPC and TFC contents were calculated as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents. MeOH: FR (A) has 179.13 ± 0.03 mg/mL GAE for TPC and 375.05 ± 0.05 mg/mL QE for TFC. MeOH: FR (A) has an IC50 value of 118.11 μg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 27.68 μg/mL for 2,2′-casino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Furthermore, MeOH: FR (A) has 32.77 ± 0.33 µM (Fe2+/mL sample) for ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity and 37.94 ± 0.01% for NO removal. Due to its strong antioxidant and NO scavenging ability, methanol fractions can be considered a valuable source to isolate bioactive compounds that promote anti-inflammatory responses and contribute to the prevention of human diseases.

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Published

2026-04-30

Issue

Vol. 88 No. 3: May 2026

Section

Science and Engineering

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