Development of Urea Coated with Neem (Azadirachta indica) to Increase Fertilizer Efficiency and Reduce Greenhouse Gases Emission
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v69.3195Keywords:
Urea coated neem, nitrification, N2O, CO2Abstract
Urea coated with neem fertilizer is one of the solutions to increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce greenhouse gases emission. Inhibition of the nitrification rate of urea can reduce NO3‒ and N2O gas, and at the same time urea can be efficiently absorbed by the plants. Neem (Azadirachta indica) can suppress nitrification rate of 20-50%, which is slightly lower than that of dyciandiamide (DCD) (56-80%). Coating of urea granules was done by dipping urea granules in 1% neem oil, exposed it to 2.5% and 5% neem cake and then homogenized by rotation. The results were compared to urea coated with 5% DCD. The efficiency of fertilizer and nitrification inhibition were measured by nitrate and ammonium changes and fluxes of N2O gas. The results showed that application of urea coated with 5% neem on cabbage plants yielded the highest plant height. However, the leaf length and width were not significantly different with other urea treatments. Application of urea coated neem reduced nitrification rate and N2O emissions in the soil. Soil CO2’s levels treated either with 2.5% or 5% neem coated urea showed the lowest levels of CO2 soil. This suggests that neem can reduce N2O and CO2 emissions from urea fertilizer as well as the capacity to reduce nitrification rate.
References
IPCC. 2007. Summary for policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: The physical Science Basis. Contribution of working group I to fourth assessment report of IPCC. Cambridge, UK and New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.
G. P. Robertson and J. M. Tiedje. 1987. Nitrous Oxide Source in Aerobic Soils: Nitrification, Denitrification and Other Biological Processes. Soil Biol Biochem. 19: 187–193.
O. Jumadi, Y. Hala, A. Muis, A. Ali, M. Palennari, K. Yagi, and K. Inubushi. 2008. Influences of Chemical Fertilizers and a Nitrification Inhibitor on Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in a Corn (Zea mays L.) Field in Indonesia. Microbes Environ. 23: 29–34.
A. Hadi, O. Jumadi, K. Inubushi, and K. Yagi. 2008. Mitigation Options for N2O Emission from a Corn Field in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 54: 644–649.
R. Prasad and J. F. Power. 1995. Nitrification Inhibitor for Agriculture, Health and the Environment. Adv. Agron. 54: 233–281.
Jumadi, O. 2009. Impact of Land Management Practices on Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Microbial Communities Structure. A Doctoral Thesis (Submitted) to Graduate School of Science and Technology, divison of Advance Bioresources Science. Japan: Chiba University.
S. N. Sharma and R. Prasad. 1996. Use of Nitrification Inhibitor (neem and DCD) to Increase N Efficiency In Maize-wheat Cropping System. Fertilizer Research. 44: 169–175.
O. Jumadi and Y. Hala. 2013. Penekanan Laju Nitrifikasi dengan Penambahan Neem (Azardirachta indica) dan Efeknya Terhadap Mikroba Tanah. Sainsmat. 2(2) 108–115.
D. Majumdar, H. Pathak, S. Kumar, and M. C. Jain. 2002. Nitrous Oxide Emission from a Sandy Loam Inceptisol Under Irrigated Wheat in India as Influenced by Different Nitrification Inhibitors. Agri. Ecosys. Environ. 91: 283–293.
Malla, G., A. Bhatia, H. Pathak, S. Prasad, N. Jain, and J. Singh. 2005. Mitigating nitrous oxide and methane emission from soil in rice-wheat system of the Indo-Gangetic plain with nitrification and urease inhibitors. Chemosphere. 58: 141–147.
Anderson, J. M. and J. S. I. Ingram. 1989. Colometric Determination of Ammonium. In: Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility. ISSS, CAB International, Wallingford. 42–43.
A. Hayashi, K. Sakamoto, and T. Yoshida. 1997. A Rapid Method for Determination of Nitrate in Soil by Hydrazine Reduction Procedure. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 68: 322–326.
A. R. Mosier, J. N. Duxbury, J. R. Freney, O. Heinemeyer, and K. Minami. 1996. Nitrous Oxide Emission from Agriculture Fields: Assessment, Measurement and Mitigation. Plant Soil. 181: 95–108.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
