A Review of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Technology and Application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v69.3235Keywords:
Supercritical fluid extraction, distillation, fractional distillationAbstract
The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technology was firstly documented on 1822. In this review paper, the authors contemplated the inhibiting factors that resulted in limited industrial application and analysis using SFE. The driving trend nowadays is to apply what have been discovered almost 200 years ago is in an escalating fashion. The major application of the supercritical state of a common gas (carbon dioxide) is an extremely important technology, since at the critical pressure and temperature carbon dioxide is not a solid, not a liquid neither a gas and it has a no surface tension, which qualifies to be an extremely good ‘non polar solvent’ and therefore applicable for extraction of essential oils, caffeine and several other applications. The major advantages on the SFE are over the lower operating energy cost and the extracted compound remains intact as there is not thermal decomposition and the final concentrate is free of any residual processing solvent due to carbon dioxide’s natural tendency being a gas which however, is volatile in ambient temperature and pressure. The process of purification does not require any distillation to purify the extracted compound, just the pressure is released and the carbon dioxide as a solvent will leave the concentrate liquid at the bottom of the vessel, as a gas, and will not have any binding or forming azeotrope mixture that are difficult to separate to high purity. The supercritical condition of a gas or liquid is not fully being exploited and there is a great opportunity for more industrial application as to be elaborated in this paper.
References
Berche, Bertrand; Henkel, Malte; Kenna, Ralph. 2009. Critical phenomena: 150 Years since Cagniard de la Tour. Journal of Physical Studies. 13(3): 3001–1–3001–4. arXiv:0905.1886/.
Our Technology. Renmatix.
Supercritical Steam Cycles for Power Generation Applications.
Malhotra, Ashok and Satyakam, R. 2000. Influence of Climatic Parameters on Optimal Design of Supercritical Power Plants, IECEC. Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 1053–1058.
Dostal, M.J. Driscoll, P. Hejzlar. A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors (PDF). MIT-ANP-TR-100. MIT-ANP-Series.
Perez, M. 2010. Supercritical Fluid Encapsulation of Anticancer Drugs with Biocompatible Polymers. [Online]. From: http://maritzaperez6270.wordpress.com/2010/02/05/first-post-second-semester/. [Accessed on 24 February 2014].
Székely, Edit, Simándi, Béla, Illés, Rita, Molnár, Péter, Gebefügi, István, Kmecz, Ildikó, and Fogassy, Elemér. Application of Supercritical Fluid Extraction for Fractionation of Enantiomers. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 31(1): 33–40.
Parker, A. Distillation. [Online]. From: http://www.axeonwater.com/Distillation.html. [Accessed on 24 February 2014].
Seperation Techniques. [Online]. From: http://1o411sciportfolio.wordpress.com/summary/separation-techniques/ [Accessed on 24 February 2014].
Supercritical Fluid Extraction. [Online]. From: http://eng.ege.edu.tr/~otles/SupercriticalFluidsScienceAndTechnology/bolumb/Wc34c920327cd9.htm. [Accessed on 24 February 2014].
U.S.EPA Method 3560 Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Total Recoverable Hydrocarbons. [Online]. From: http://www.epa.gov/SW-846/pdfs/3560.pdf. [Accessed on 24 February 2014].
U.S.EPA Method 3561 Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. [Online]. From: http://www.epa.gov/SW-846/pdfs/3561.pdf. [Accessed on 24 February 2014].
Forbes, Robert James. 1970. A Short History of the Art of Distillation: From the Beginnings Up to the Death of Cellier Blumenthal. BRILL. 57, 89. ISBN 978-90-04-00617-1.
Cindy L. Phelps, Neil G. Smart,1 and C. M. Wai. 1996. Past, Present, and Possible Future Applications of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Technology. Journal of Chemical Education. 73(12): 1163.
Extraction of Pharmaceutically Active Cannabinoids from Plant Materials. Patent Document. [Online]. From: http://www.google.com/patents/WO2004016277A2?cl=en. [Accessed on 24 February 2014].
Kunchana Bunyakiat, Sukunya Makmee, Ruengwit Sawangkeaw, and Somkiat Ngamprasertsith. 2006. Continuous Production of Biodiesel via Transesterification from Vegetable Oils in Supercritical Methanol. Energy and Fuels. 20(2): 812–817.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
