PRESENCE AND ABUNDANCE OF CYANOBACTERIA IN SELECTED AQUACULTURE PONDS IN PERAK, MALAYSIA AND THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH SELECTED PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v76.3649Keywords:
Cyanobacteria, chlorophyll-a, instantaneous chlorophyll fluorescence, fish, aquaculture, physicochemical parametersAbstract
The presence of cyanobacteria in aquaculture ponds can disrupt the water quality. This study was conducted to determine the abundance of cyanobacteria in selected aquaculture systems in Perak, Malaysia. This study also aimed to identify the relationships between cyanobacterial biomass with physicochemical properties of water. In this study, a total of 40 aquaculture fish ponds were sampled between December 2013 to March 2014 from 10 locations in Perak, Malaysia. The results revealed that cyanobacteria were present in all of the sampled aquaculture ponds. Among all, 75% of the sampled ponds contained chlorophyll-a exceeded 50 µg chl-a L-1 and the highest chlorophyll-a concentration was recorded at 436 µg chl-a L-1. This indicates that cyanobacteria are present in abundance in aquaculture water and could pose health risk to human through aquaculture fish consumption. Pearson’s correlation analysis suggests that cyanobacterial biomass was significantly correlated to temperature, DO and pH. However, there was no correlation detected among nutrients with cyanobacterial concentration in water column. Regular monitoring of temperature, DO and pH are crucial for an early detection of cyanobacterial occurrence in aquaculture industry in order to avoid economic losses, as well as adverse health impact to consumer. Â
References
Rodgers, J. H. 2008. Algal Toxins in Pond Aquaculture. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center.
Boyd, C. E. 1998. Water Quality for Pond Aquaculture. Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.
Landsberg, J. H. 2002. The Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Aquatic Organisms. Reviews in Fisheries Science. 10(2): 113-390.
Poste, A. E., Hecky, R. E. and Guildford, S. J. 2011. Evaluating Microcystin Exposure Risk Through Fish Consumption. Environmental Science & Technology. 45(13): 5806-5811.
Schmidt, J. R., Shaskus, M., Estenik, J. F., Oesch, C., Khidekel, R. and Boyer, G. L. 2013. Variations in the Microcystin Content of Different Fish Species Collected from a Eutrophic Lake. Toxins. 5(5): 992-1009.
Barros, L. S., de Souza, F. C., Tavares, L. H. S. and Amaral, L. A. 2010. Microcystin-LR in Brazilian Aquaculture Production Systems. Water Environment Research. 82: 240-248.
Peng, L., Liu, Y., Chen, W., Liu, L., Kent, M. and Song, L. 2010. Health Risks Associated With Consumption of Microcystin-Contaminated Fish and Shellfish in Three Chinese Lakes: Significance for Freshwater Aquacultures. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 73(7): 1804-1811.
Falconer, I. R. 2008. Health Effects Associated With Controlled Exposures to Cyanobacterial Toxins. In Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms: State of the Science and Research Needs. Springer New York. 607-612.
Wnorowski, A. U. 1992. Tastes and Odours in the Aquatic Environment: A Review. Water S. A. 18(3): 203-214.
Tucker, C. S. 2000. Off-flavor Problems in Aquaculture. Reviews in Fisheries Science. 8(1): 45-88.
Zang, C., Huang, S., Wu, M., Du, S., Scholz, M., Gao, F., Lin, C. Guo, Y. and Dong, Y. 2011. Comparison of Relationships Between Ph, Dissolved Oxygen and Chlorophyll a for Aquaculture and Non-Aquaculture Waters. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 219: 157-174.
Wang, Z. F., Zhang, Q., Lv, H. Y., Lu, Y., Hu, C. Y. and Zeng, J. N. 2000. The Simple Model of Dissolved Oxygen About Red Tide Forecast in the Changjiang Estuary. Acta Oceanologica Sinica. 22(4): 125-129.
Wang, Z. H., Cui, F. Y., An, Q., Chen, M. M., Wu, B. F. and Guan, X. L. 2004. Study on Influence of Ph on the Advance of Eutrophication in Reservoir. Water and Wastewater Engineering. 30(5): 37-41.
Shaw, B. H., Mechenich, C. and Klessig, L. L. 1993. Understanding Lake Data. University of Wisconsin--Extension, Cooperative Extension.
Mohd. Nasarudin, H. and Ruhana, H. 2007. Preliminary Study on Cyanobacteria Composition and Selected Water Quality Parameters from Freshwater Fish (Tor Tambroides) Ponds In Serian, Sarawak. In Proceedings of NREM & ESH. 249-258.
Mohd. Nasarudin, H. and Ruhana, H. 2011. Blue-green Algae and Nutrient Concentrations in Two Tor Tambroides Aquaculture Ponds Differing in Construction. J. Trop. Biol. Conserv. 8: 51-61.
Lim, P. T., Gires, U. and Leaw, C. P. 2012. Harmful Algal Blooms in Malaysian Waters. Sains Malaysiana. 41(12): 1509-1515.
Jackson, P. E. 2000. Ion Chromatography in Environmental Analysis. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. 2779-2801.
Gregor, J., and Maršálek, B. 2004. Freshwater Phytoplankton Quantification by Chlorophyll A: A Comparative Study of in Vitro, in Vivo and in Situ Methods. Water Research. 38: 517-522.
Søndergaard, M., Larsen, S. E., Jørgensen, T. B. and Jeppesen, E. 2011. Using Chlorophyll A and Cyanobacteria in the Ecological Classification of Lakes. Ecological Indicators. 11: 1403-1412.
Havens, K. E. 2008. Cyanobacteria Blooms: Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems. In Cyanobacterial harmful algal Blooms: State of the Science and Research Needs. Springer New York 733-747.
APHA (American Public Health Association). 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Ed. Washington, DC.
Lorenzen, C. J. 1967. Determination of Chlorophyll and Pheo-Pigments: Spectrophometric Equations. Limnology and Oceanography. 12(2): 343-346.
Smith, K., Webster, L., Bresnan, E., Fraser, S., Hay, S. and Moffat, C. 2007. A Review of Analytical Methodology Used to Determine Phytoplankton Pigments in the Marine Environment and the Development of an Analytical Method to Determine Uncorrected Chlorophyll a, Corrected Chlorophyll a and Phaeophytin a in Marine Phytoplankton. Fisheries Research Services Internal Report. (03/07).
Lorenzen, C. J. 1966. A Method for the Continuous Measurement of in Vivo Chlorophyll Concentration. In Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts. 13(2): 223-227.
Campbell, D., Hurry, V., Clarke, A. K., Gustafsson, P. and Öquist, G. 1998. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analysis of Cyanobacterial Photosynthesis and Acclimation. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 62(3): 667-683.
Chorus, E. I. and Bartram, J. 1999. Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A Guide to Their Public Health Consequences, Monitoring and Management. E & FN Spon, London and New York.
Robarts, R. D. and Zohary, T. 1987. Temperature Effects on Photosynthetic Capacity, Respiration, and Growth Rates of Bloomâ€Forming Cyanobacteria. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 21(3): 391-399.
Kumar, M., Kulshreshtha, J. and Singh, G. P. 2011. Growth and Biopigment Accumulation of Cyanobacterium Spirulina Platensis at Different Light Intensities and Temperature. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 42: 1128-1135.
Lürling, M., Eshetu, F., Faassen, E. J., Kosten, S. and Huszar, V. L. 2012. Comparison of Cyanobacterial and Green Algal Growth Rates at Different Temperatures. Freshwater Biology. 58: 552-559.
Fujimoto, N., Sudo, R., Sugiura, N. and Inamori, Y. 1997. Nutrientâ€limited Growth of Microcystis Aeruginosa and Phormidium Tenue and Competition Under Various N: P Supply Ratios and Temperatures. Limnology and Oceanography. 42(2): 250-256.
Odum, H. T. 1956. Primary Production in Flowing Waters. Limnology and Oceanography. 1(2): 102-117.
Cuiya, R. J. X. 1998. Distribution Characteristics of Chlorophyll-a in Principal Culture areas in Xinlin and Tongan of Xiamen. Journal of Fujian Fisheries. 4: 000.
You, L., Cui, L. F., Liu, Z. W., Yang, B. and HuanG, Z. F. 2007. Correlation Analysis of Parameters in Algal Growth. Environmental Science & Technology. 30(9): 42-44.
Dokulil, M. T. and Teubner, K. 2000. Cyanobacterial dominance in lakes. Hydrobiologia. 438: 1-12.
Shapiro, J. 1990. Current Beliefs Regarding Dominance by Blue-Greens: The Case for the Importance of CO2 and pH. Verh Int Verein (Theor Angrew) Limnol. 24: 38–54.
Jacoby, J. M., Collier, D. C., Welch, E. B., Hardy, F. J. and Crayton, M. 2000. Environmental Factors Associated with a Toxic Bloom of Microcystis Aeruginosa. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 57(1): 231-240.
Kankaanpää, H. T., Holliday, J., Schröder, H., Goddard, T. J., von Fister, R. and Carmichael, W. W. 2005. Cyanobacteria and Prawn Farming in Northern New South Wales, Australia - A Case Study on Cyanobacteria Diversity and Hepatotoxin Bioaccumulation. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 203: 243-256.
Pandey, G. 2013. Feed Formulation and Feeding Technology for Fishes. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 4(3): 23–30.
Hargreaves, J. A. and Tucker, C. S. 1996. Evidence for Control of Water Quality in Channel Catfish Ictalurus Punctatus Ponds by Phytoplankton Biomass and Sediment Oxygenation. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 27(1): 21-29.
Boyd, C. E. and Tucker, C. S. 1998. Pond Aquaculture Water Quality Management. 1st Ed. New York, Springer US.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
