Effect of Nitrogen Dilution on the Lean Blowout Limit and Emissions of Premixed Propane/Air Swirl Flame

Authors

  • Cheng Tung Chong Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
  • Chen Wei Kew Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
  • Ng Jo-Han Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Malaysia Campus (USMC), 79200 Nusajaya, Johor, Malaysia
  • Boon Tuan Tee Department of Thermal Fluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
  • Mohamad Nazri Mohd Jaafar Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v71.3724

Keywords:

Nitrogen-dilution, propane, swirl, NOx, emissions

Abstract

The effects of nitrogen dilution on propane/air flame and emissions was investigated using a model gas turbine type swirl flame burner. The burner consists of a six-vane axial swirler and a combustor wall made from quartz tube. Nitrogen was diluted at 5%, 10% and 15% by volume of the total main air flow rate with propane/air mixture at the burner plenum prior to combustion at atmospheric condition. Direct flame imaging was performed using a digital camera to observe the flame shape, intensity and lean blowout phenomenon of premixed nitrogen-diluted propane/air flames. The result shows that nitrogen addition to propane/air flame reduces flame intensity and lean blowout limit, making the nitrogen-diluted flames more susceptible to blowout. Emissions results show that NOx reduce with the increase of nitrogen dilution rate, while the effect on carbon monoxides and unburned hydrocarbons are insignificant.

References

A. Tsolakis, A. Megaritis, M.L. Wyszynski, K. Theinnoi. 2007. Engine performance and emissions of a diesel engine operating on diesel-RME (rapeseed methyl ester) blends with EGR (exhaust gas recirculation). Energy. 32 (11): 2072–2080.

M. Zheng, G.T. Reader, J.G. Hawley. 2004. Diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation - a review on advanced and novel concepts. Energy Conversion and Management. 45 (6): 883–900.

A. Maiboom, X. Tauzia, and J. Hétet. 2008. Experimental study of various effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion and emissions of an automotive direct injection diesel engine, Energy. 33 (1): 22–34.

J. Harada, T. Tomita, H. Mizuno, Z. Mashiki, Y. Ito. 1997. Development of Direct Injection Gasoline Engine. SAE Technical Paper 970540. doi:10.4271/970540

A. Cairns, H. Blaxill, G. Irlam. 2006. Exhaust gas recirculation for improved part and full load fuel economy in a turbocharged gasoline engine. SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0047. doi:10.4271/2006-01-0047

X. Gu, Z. Huang, J. Cai, J. Gong, X. Wu, C. Lee. 2012. Emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fuelled with gasoline-n-butanol blends in combination with EGR. FUEL. 93: 611–617

S. Sasaki, D. Sawada, T. Ueda, and H. Sami. 1998. Effects of EGR on direct injection gasoline engine. JSAE Review. 19 (3): 223–228.

Y. Tanaka, M. Nose, M. Nakao, K. Saitoh, E. Ito, and K. Tsukagoshi. 2013. Development of low NOx combustion system with EGR for 1700 Class GT. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review. 50 (1): 1–6.

P.E. Røkke and J.E. Hustad. 2005. Exhaust gas recirculation in gas turbines for reduction of CO2 emissions; Combustion testing with focus on stability and emissions. Int. J. of Thermodynamics. 8 (4): 167–173.

A. Krishnan, V.C. Sekar, J. Balaji, and S.M. Boopathi. 2006. Prediction of NOx reduction with exhaust gas recirculation using the flame temperature correlation technique. Proceedings of the National Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering. ECKAME-2006-T-23 378-385.

M.C. Cameretti, R. Tuccillo, and R. Piazzesi. 2013. Study of an exhaust gas recirculation equipped micro gas turbine supplied with bio-fuels, Appl. Thermal Eng. 59 (1-2): 162–173.

A.E.E. Khalil, V.K. Arghode, A.K. Gupta, and S.C. Lee. 2012. Low calorific value fuelled distributed combustion with swirl for gas turbine applications. Applied Energy. 98: 69–78.

C. Tang, J. Zheng, Z. Huang, and J. Wang. 2010. Study on nitrogen diluted propane–air premixed flames at elevated pressures and temperatures. Energy Conversion and Management. 51 (2): 288–295.

C.T. Chong and S. Hochgreb. 2014. Spray flame structure of rapeseed biodiesel and Jet-A1 fuel. Fuel. 115: 551–558.

C.T. Chong and S. Hochgreb. 2013. Flow field of a model gas turbine swirl burner. Advanced Materials Research. 622:1119–1124.

C.T. Chong and S. Hochgreb. 2013. Spray flame study using a model gas turbine swirl burner. Applied Mechanics and Materials 316–317:17–22.

Downloads

Published

2014-11-27

Issue

Vol. 71 No. 2: Special Issue on Advanced in Mechanical Engineering Research

Section

Science and Engineering

License

Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.

How to Cite

Effect of Nitrogen Dilution on the Lean Blowout Limit and Emissions of Premixed Propane/Air Swirl Flame. (2014). Jurnal Teknologi, 71(2). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v71.3724