Effect of Lime on Compaction, Strength and Consolidation Characteristics of Pontian Marine Clay

Authors

  • Siaw Yah Chong Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
  • Khairul Anuar Kassim Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v72.4011

Keywords:

Cohesion, compression index, compressive strength, internal friction angle, lime stabilization, marine clay, permeability

Abstract

Marine clay is a problematic construction material, which is often encountered in Malaysian coastal area. Previous researchers showed that lime stabilization effectively enhanced the engineering properties of clay. For soft clay, both strength and consolidation characteristics are equally important to be fully understood for design purpose. This paper presented the effect of lime on compaction, strength and consolidation characteristics of Pontian marine clay. Compaction, unconfined compression, direct shear, Oedometer and falling head permeability tests were conducted on unstabilized and lime stabilized samples at various ages. Specimens were prepared by compaction method based on 95 percent maximum dry density at the wetter side of compaction curve. It was found that lime successfully increased the strength, stiffness and workability of Pontian marine clay; however, the permeability was reduced. Unconfined compressive strength of stabilized soil was increased by 49 percent at age of 56 days whereas compressibility and permeability was reduced by 48 and 67 percent, respectively. From laboratory tests, phenomenon of inconsistency in engineering characteristics was observed for lime stabilized samples below age of 28 days. This strongly proved that lime stabilized soil underwent modification phase before stabilization phase which provided the long term improvement.

References

Huat, B.B.K. 1994. Behaviour of soft clay foundation beneath on embankment. Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 2(2): 215–235

Taha, M.R., Ahmad, J. and Asmirza, S. 2000. One-dimensional consolidation of Kelang clay. Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 8(1): 19–29.

Chung, S.G., Giao, P.H., Kim, G.J. and Leroueil, S. 2002. Geotechnical properties of Busan clays. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 39(5): 1050–160.

Sridharan, A. and Rao, R.P. 2004. Characterization Of Ariake And Other Marine Clays. 53–58.

Ma, R. 2007. Cement Treated Singapore Marine Clay With Incineration Fly Ash. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis. National University of Signapore, Singapore.

Hudson, R.R., C.T. Toh and S.F. Chan (Eds.). 1989. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Trial Embankments on Malaysian Marine Clays. Kuala Lumpur: The Malaysia Highway Authority.

Thompson, M.R. 1967. Factors influencing the plasticity and strength of lime-soil mixtures. Illinois Univ Eng Exp Sta Bulletin 492.

Bell, F. G. 1989. Stabilisation and treatment of clay soils with lime. Part 1-basic principles. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology: 67–74.

Broms, B.B. 1984. Stabilization Of Soil With Lime Column. Design Handbook. 3rd ed. Lime Column AB.

Rogers, C. and S. Glendinning. 1997. Improvement of clay soils in situ using lime piles in the UK. Engineering Geology. 47: 243–257.

Little, D.N. 1999. Evaluation Of Structural Properties Of Lime Stabilized Soils And Aggregates. National Lime Association.

British Lime Association. 1990. Lime Stabilisation Manual. 2nd ed. London: ICI Chemicals & Polymers Limited.

Kassim, K.A. and K.C. Kok. 2004. Lime stabilized Malaysian cohesive soils. Journal of Civil Engineering. 16(1): 13–23.

Brandl, H. 1981. Short and long term behaviour of non-treated and lime- or cement stabilised fly ash. Bengt B. Symposium on Geotechnical Engineering. Singapore. 39–54.

Kassim, K.A. and S.H. Chow. 2000. Consolidation characteristics of lime stabilized soil. Journal of Civil Engineering. 12(1): 31–42.

Galvão, T.C.D.B., A. Elsharief and G.F. Simões. 2004. Effects of lime on permeability and compressibility of two tropical residual soils. Journal of Environmental Engineering: 881–885.

Nalbantoglu, Z. and E.R. Tuncer. 2001. Compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of chemically treated expansive clay. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 38: 154–160.

British Standards Instituition. 1990. BS1924. London: British Standards Instituition.

British Standards Instituition. 1990. BS1377. London: British Standards Instituition.

Head, K. H. 2006. Manual Of Soil Laboratory Testing. Volume 2: Permeability, Shear Strength And Compressibility Tests. 2nd ed. London: Pentech Press.

Glendinning, S. and Rogers, C.D.F. 1996. Deep lime stabilization using lime. Lime Stabilisation- Proceeding of Seminar Held at Loughbough University. Sep 25. Loughbough.

Broms, B.B. 2004. Lime and lime/cement columns. In: M. Mosely & K. Kirsch (Eds.). Ground Improvement. Abingdon: Spon Press. 252–330

Kavak, A. and G. Baykal. 2012. Long-term behaviour of lime-stabilized kaolinite clay. Eviron Earth Sci. 66: 1943–1955.

Liu, M.D. and B. Indraranta. 2012. Variations in strength of lime-treated soft clays. Proceedings of Instituion of Civil Engineers. 165: 217–223.

Åhnberg, H. 2006. Strength of stabilised soils – A Laboratory Study On Clays And Organic Soils Stabilised With Different Types Of Binder. Doctoral Thesis. Lund University, Sweden.

Little, D. 1987. Fundamentals of the stabilization of soils with lime. Bulletin 332. Arlington: National Lime Association.

Al-Mukhtar, M., Khattab, S. and Alcover, J. 2012. Microstructure and geotechnical properties of lime-treated expansive clayey soil. Engineering Geology. 39-140: 17–27.

Terzaghi, K. & Peck, R.B. 1996. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. New York: Wiley.

El-Rawi, N. and A. Awad. 1981. Permeability of lime stabilized soils. Transportation Engineering J. 107: 25–35.

Bell, F.G. 1996. Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils. Engineering Geology. 67–74.

Diamond, S. and E.B. Kinter. 1965. Mechanisms of soil-lime stabilisation. Highway Res. Record. 83.

Downloads

Published

2015-01-25

How to Cite

Effect of Lime on Compaction, Strength and Consolidation Characteristics of Pontian Marine Clay. (2015). Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), 72(3). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v72.4011