THE INFLUENCE OF FREEZE–THAW CYCLES ON UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CLAY SOILS TREATED WITH LIME
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v76.4127Keywords:
Kaolinite, illite, freeze-thaw cycles, UCS, hydrated limeAbstract
There are several questions that are not well understood with respect to the long-term stability characteristics of lime-treated clay soils in spite of being used as a conventional technique to improve the properties of clay soils. This paper investigates the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the unconfined compressive strength of kaolinite and illite mixed with silica sand. The results of this study show that an increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles decreases the unconfined compressive strength. The role of lime increasing the soil strength is more significant in the case of samples exposed to freeze-thaw cycles compared to those not exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the dry unit weight and moisture content is insignificant compared to unexposed samples. The maximum volumetric changes occurred in the first freeze-thaw cycle, and afterward, the rate of volume change decreased with an increase in freeze—thaw cycles.
References
Esna-Ashari, M., M. Jafari. 2012. Effect of Waste Tire Cord Reinforcement on Unconï¬ned Compressive Strength of Lime Stabilized Clayey Soil Under Freeze–Thaw Condition. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 82: 21-29.
Locat, J., H. Tremblay, and S. Leroueil. 1996. Mechanical and Hydraulic Behavior of a Soft Inorganic Clay Treated With Lime. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 33: 654-669.
Narasimha Rao, S., G. Rajasekaran. 1996. Reaction Products Formed in Lime-Stabilized Marine Clays. J. Geotech. Eng. ASCE. 122: 329-336.
Bell, F. G. 1996. Lime Stabilization of Clay Minerals and Soils. Eng. Geology. 42(4): 223-237.
Rajasekaran, G., S. Narasimha Rao. 2002. Compressibility Behavior of Lime-treated Marine Clay. Ocean Engineering. 29: 545-559.
Al-Rawas, A. A., A. W. Hago, and H. Al-Sarmi. 2005. Effect of Lime, Cement and Sarooj (Artiï¬cial Pozzolan) on the Swelling Potential of an Expansive Soil from Oman. Build. Environ. 40: 681-687.
Eigenbrod, K.D. 1996. Effects of Cyclic Freezing and Thawing on Volume Changes and Permeabilities of Soft Fine-Grained Soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 33: 529-537.
Viklander, P. 1998. Laboratory Study of Stone Heave in Till Exposed to Freezing and Thawing. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 27: 141-152.
Hohmann-Porebska, M. 2002. Microfabric Effects in Frozen Clays in Relation to Geotechnical Parameters. Applied Clay Science. 21: 77-87.
Zhang, D., W. Shijie. 2001. Mechanism of Freeze-Thaw Action in the Process of Soil Stabilization in Northeast China. Environmental Geology. 41: 96-100.
Yarbasi, N., E. Kalkan, and S. Akbulut. 2007. Modification of Freezing-Thawing Properties of Granular Soils with Waste Additives. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 48: 45-54.
Lee, W., N. C. Bohra, A. G. Altschaeffl, and T. D. White. 1995. Resilient Modulus of Cohesive Soils and the Effect of Freeze-Thaw. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 32: 559-568.
Konrad, J. M. 2000. Hydraulic Conductivity of Kaolinite-Silt Mixtures Subjected to Closed-System Freezing and Thaw Consolidation. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 37: 857-869.
Simonsen, E., U. Isacsson. 2001. Soil Behavior During Freezing and Thawing Using Variable and Constant Confining Pressure Triaxial Tests. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 38: 863-875.
Simonsen, E., V. C. Janoo, and U. Isacsson. 2002. Resilient Properties of Unbound Road Materials During Seasonal Frost Conditions. Journal of Cold Regions Engineering ASCE. 16: 28-50.
Zhang, S., Y. Lai, X. Zhang, Y. Pu, and W. Yu. 2004. Study on the Damage Propagation of Surrounding Rock from a Cold-Region Tunnel Under Freeze-Thaw Cycle Condition. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology. 19(3): 295-302.
Broms, B. B., L. Y. C. Yao. 1964. Shear Strength of Soil After Freezing and Thawing. ASCE. 90(SM4): 1-25.
Yong, R. N., P. Boonsinsuk, and C. W. P. Yin. 1985. Alteration of soil behavior after cyclic freezing and thawing. Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Ground Freezing. Singapore. 187-195.
Eigenbrod, K. D., S. Knutsson, and D. Sheng. 1996. Pore Water Pressures in Freezing and Thawing Fine-Rained Soils. Journal of Cold Regions Engineering. 10(2): 76-92.
Yang, M., T. Yao, X. Gou, T. Koike, and Y. He. 2003. The soil Moisture Distribution, Thawing-Freezing Processes and Their Effects on the Seasonal Transition on the Oinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 21: 457-465.
ASTM D7382. 2008. Standard Test Methods for Determination of Maximum Dry Unit Weight and Water Content Range for Effective Compaction of Granular Soils Using a Vibrating Hammer. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. 04.09.
ASTM D2216, 2010. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass. Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
ASTM D1557. 2007. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort. American Society for Testing and Materials, Building Stones, ASTM, Philadelphia.
ASTM D2166. 2006. Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil. American Society for Testing and Materials, Building Stones, ASTM, Philadelphia.
Eades, J. L., R. E. Grim. 1966. A Quick Test to Determine Lime Requirements for Soil Stabilization. Highway Research Record no. 139, Transportation Research Board. Washington, D.C.
Hill, G. H., D. T. Davidson. 1960. Lime Fixation in Clayey Soils. Highway Research Board Bulletin. 262: 20-32.
Jones, C. W. 1987. Long Term Changes in the Properties of Soil Linings for Canal Seepage Control. Report No. REC-ERC-87-1. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver, CO.
ASTM560. 2003. Standard Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil–Cement Mixtures.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.