Extraction of Beta Carotene from Palm Mesocarp via Green Sub-critical Carbon Dioxide
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v74.4694Keywords:
Supercritical fluid extraction, oil yield, antioxidant activity, beta-carotene, palm mesocarpAbstract
Experiments involving subcritical carbon dioxide extraction of palm oil from treated palm mesocarp were done to determine palm oil yield and concentration of beta-carotene. As comparison, the conventional method of Soxhlet Extraction with six different solvents was used. The overall oil yield was measured as weight of oil per weight of sample, while anti-oxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryihydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The sub-critical extraction was conducted at a constant temperature of 30ËšC and four different pressures at 10 MPa, 15 MPa, 20 MPa and 25 MPa. The sub-critical extraction produced high concentration of beta-carotene than soxhlet extraction, even though the oil yield was lower. Furthermore, the anti-oxidant analysis showed a similar trend as the concentration of beta carotene. The best condition of sub-critical extraction was obtained at 25 MPa and 30ËšC.
References
Itoh, N., M. Numata, Y. Aoyagi, and T. Yarita. 2008. Comparison of Low-level Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment Revealed By Soxhlet Extraction, Microwave-Assisted Extraction, and Pressurized Liquid Extraction. Analytica chimica Acta. 612(1): 44–52.
Akgün, M., N. A. Akgün, and S. Dinçer. 2000. Extraction and Modeling of Lavender Flower Essential Oil Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 39(2): 473–477.
Mohd Azizi, C. Y., Z. Salman, and N. A. Nik Norulain. 2008. Extraction and Identification of Compounds from Parkia Speciosa Seeds by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Journal of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering. 2: 153–163.
Atanassova, M., S. Georgieva, and K. Ivancheva. 2011. Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Capacity and Biological Contaminants in Medicinal Herbs. Journal of the University of Chemical Technology & Metallurgy. 46(1): 81–88.
Mandana, B., A. R. Russly, S. T. Farah, M .A. Noranizan, I. S. Zaidul, and G. Ali. 2012. Antioxidant Activity of Winter Melon (Benincasa Hispida) Seeds Using Conventional Soxhlet Extraction Technique. International Food Research Journal. 19(1): 229–234.
PORIM: Test Methods. Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, 1995.
Mensor, L. L., F. S.Menezes, G. G. Leitão, A. S. Reis, T. C. D. Santos, C. S. Coube, and S. G. Leitão. 2001. Screening of Brazilian Plant Extracts for Antioxidant Activity by the Use of DPPH Free Radical Method. Phytotherapy Research. 15(2): 127–130.
Kumoro, A. C., M. Hasan, and H. Singh. 2009. Effects of Solvent Properties on the Soxhlet Extraction of Diterpenoid Lactones From Andrographis Paniculata Leaves. Science Asia. 35: 306–309.
Sporring, S., S. Bøwadt, B. Svensmark, and E. Björklun. 2005. Comprehensive Comparison of Classic Soxhlet Extraction with Soxtec Extraction, Ultrasonication Extraction, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Microwave Assisted Extraction and Accelerated Solvent Extraction for the Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil. Journal of Chromatography A. 1090(1): 1–9.
Markom, M., H. Singh, and M. Hasan. 2001. Supercritical CO2 Fractionation of Crude Palm Oil. Journal of Supercritical Fluid. 20(1): 43–53.
Franca, L. F. D., G. Reber, M. A. A. Meireless, N. T. Machado, and G. Brumer. 1999. Supercritical Extraction of Caroteniod and Lipid from Buriti (Mauriria Flexuosa) a Fruit from the Amazon Region. Journal of Supercritical Fluid. 14(3): 247–256.
Tangkanakul, P., P. Auttaviboonkul, B. Niyomwit, N. Lowvitoon, P. Charoenthamawat, and G. Trakoontivakorn. 2009. Antioxidant Capacity, Total Phenolic Content and Nutritional Composition of Asian Foods After Thermal Processing. International Food Research Journal. 16(4): 571–580.
de Lucas, A., A. GarcÃa, A. Alvarez, and I. Graci. 2007. Supercritical Extraction of Long Chain N-Alcohols from Sugar Cane Crude Wax. The Journal of supercritical fluids. 41(2): 267–271.
Nik Norulaini, N. A., W. B. Setianto, I. S. M. Zaidul, A. H. Nawi, C. Y. Mohd Azizi, and A. K. Omar. 2009. Effects of supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Parameters On Virgin Coconut Oil Yield And Medium-Chain Triglyceride Content. Food Chemistry. 116(1): 193–197.
Yunus, M. A. 2007. Extraction, Identification, and Separation of Vitamin E and Djenkolic Acid from Pithecellobium jiringan (Jack) Prain Seeds using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (Doctoral dissertation, Thesis of Doctor of Philosophy University Sains Malaysia).
Roy, B. C., M. Sasaki, and M. Goto. 2006. Effect of Temperature And Pressure on the Extraction Yield of Oil from Sunflower Seed with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Journal of Applied Science. 6: 71–75.
Mendes, R. L., B. P. Nobre, J. P. Coelho, and A. F. Palavra. 1999 Solubility of β-carotene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethane. Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 16(2): 99–106.
Puah, C. W., Y. M. Choo, A. N. Ma, and C. H. Chuah. 2005. Supercritical fluid Extraction of Palm Carotenoids. American Journal of Environmental Science. 1(4): 264–269.
Gauthier, B. M., S. D. Bakrania, A. M. Anderson, and M. K. Carroll. 2004. A Fast Supercritical Extraction Technique for Aerogel Fabrication. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 350: 238–243.
Stoilova, I., A. Krastanov, A. Stoyanova, P. Denev, and S. Gargova. 2007. Antioxidant Activity of a Ginger Extract ( Zingiber Officinale). Food Chemistry. 102(3): 764–770.
DÃaz-Reinoso, B., A. Moure, H. DomÃnguez, and J. C. Parajó. 2006. Supercritical CO2 Extraction and Purification of Compounds With Antioxidant Activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54(7): 2441–2469.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
