TAWAF CROWD SIMULATION USING SOCIAL FORCE MODEL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v75.4969Keywords:
Component, crowd simulation, Hajj, tawaf, agent, KaabahAbstract
This paper presents a crowd simulation system which simulates the movement of pilgrims in performing one of Hajj rituals, which is Tawaf. Tawaf is a unique case study due to its capacity and various set of pilgrims. Furthermore, the density of the crowd is extremely high. Tawaf also consist a certain set of rules and regulations that must be followed by the pilgrims. Social Force Model had been chosen to give each agent in the simulation a specific behavior to be followed. The algorithm also specifies how the agents interact with each other to generate collision free movements. To make the simulations as close as possible to real world scenarios, each agent varies in term of age, gender and behavior. The subjective evaluation of the system revealed that it can be used in pilgrim training before performing the actual Tawaf.References
MeIntyre, D. 2002. Color Blindness. Dalton Publishing.
Christine R. 1999. The Eye of the Beholder–Designing for Colour-blind Users. British Telecommunications Engineering. 17: 291-295.
Neitz, M. and Neitz, J. 2000. Molecular Genetics of Color Vision and Color Vision Defects. Archieves of Ophthalmology. 63(2): 232-237.
Healy, G., Shafer, S. and Wolff, L. 1992. Physics Based Vision: Principles and Practice, COLOR. Boston: Jones and Bartlett.
Brettel, H. and Vienot, F. 2001. Color Display for Dichromats, Proceeding of SPIE on Color Imaging. 4300:199-207.
Poret, S., Jony, R. D. and Gregory, S. 2009. Image Processing for Color Blindness Correction. IEEE Toronto International Conference. 1-6.
Ohkubo, T. and Kobayashi, K. 2008. A Color Compensation Vision System for Color-blind People. SICE Annual Conference. The University ElectroCommunications Japan.
Plataniotis, K. N. and Vinetsanopoulos. A. N. 2000. Color Image Processing and Application. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
McDowell, Jason. 2008. Design of a Color Sensing System to Aid the Color Blind. 27: 34-39.
SeuttgiYmg and Yong Man Ro. 2003. Visual Contents Adaptation for Color Vision Deficiency. 1: 453-456.
Yau-Hwang Kuo and Jang-Pong Hsu. 1996. MCFC-R: A Fuzzy Connectionist Model for Color-blindness Plate Recognition. 2: 718-723.
Swain, M. and Ballard, D. 1991. Color Indexing. International Journal of Computer Vision. 7: 11-32.
Birch J. 2012. Worldwide Prevalence of Red-green Color Deficiency. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 29(3): 313-320.
Konstantakopoulou, E., Rodriguez-Carmona M., and Barbur J. L. 2012. Processing of Color Signals in Female Carriers of Color Vision Deficiency. Journal of Vision. 12(2): 1-11.
Hood S. M., Mollon J. D., Purves L. and Jordan G. 2006. Color Discrimination in Carriers of Color Deficiency. Vision Research. 46: 2894-2900.
Nathans, J., Thomas, D., and Hogness, D.S. 1986. Molecular Genetics of Human Color Vision: The Genes Encoding Blue, Green, and Red Pigments. Science. 232(4747): 193-202.
Sharpe, L. T., Stockman, A., Jagle, H. and Nathans, J. 1999. Opsin Genes, Cone Pigments, Color Vision and Color Blindness. In: Gegenfurtner K. R., Sharpe, L. T. (eds). Color Vision. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Walraven, J. and Alferdinck, J. W. 1997. Color Displays for the Color Blind. Proc. On Color Science, Systems, and Application of 5th Color Image Conference, Scottsdale, Arizona: Society for Imaging Science and Technology. 17-22.
Bimber, Oliver, and Ramesh, Raskar. 2005. Spatial Augmented Reality. Massachusetts: A K Peters.
Products for the Blind and Visually Impaired: Colorino retrieved November, 20, 201 from http://www.caretec.at/ColorTest_Colorino.32.0.html/.
Brettel, H., Vienot, F. and Mollon, J. 1997. Computerized Simulation of Color Appearance of Dichromats. Journal of Optical Society of America. 14(10): 2647-2655.
Solem, J. E. 2012. Programming Computer Vision with Python. Sebastopol: O’Reilly Media.
Joseph Howse. 2013. OpenCV Computer Vision with Python. Birmingham: Packt Publishing Ltd.
Bradsky, G. and Kaehler, A. 2008. Learning OpenCV. California: O’Reilly Media.
Jeffries, B. J. 1880. Color-blindness: Its Dangers and Its Detection. Boston: Houghton, Osgood and Company.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
