FLUVIAL PROCESSES IN COMPOUND STRAIGHT CHANNELS: A LABORATORY INVESTIGATION

Authors

  • Mazlin Jumain Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Zukiflee Ibrahim Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Zulhilmi Ismail Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Md Ridzuan Makhtar Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Mohd Suhaimi Abd Rahman Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Norain Syakira Miran Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Siti Shafiqah Md Khairi Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.5327

Keywords:

Straight compound channel, overbank flow, resistance coefficient, stream-wise velocity distribution, bed shear stress, bed morphology

Abstract

Floods are become frequent occurrence in every part of the world. The field of flood hydraulics has been keenly studied to enhance the understanding on its processes and impacts to the environment. The main impacts of frequent floods incidents are soil erosion phenomenon which leads to sedimentation problems in the drainage and river systems. It is extremely important to understand the sedimentation process and the flow behaviour patterns in the water course for post-flood events. Experimental investigations on the overbank flow in mobile bed straight channels have been undertaken. Significant changes on the bed morphology due to the changes in flow behaviour are studied. The findings on roughness coefficient, lateral distribution of stream-wise velocity, secondary currents, bed shear stress and bed formation are presented in this paper. Results show that the resistance coefficient increased with flow depth in the channel and the increments are about 32% and 42% for floodplain and main channel sections respectively.

Author Biographies

  • Mazlin Jumain, Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Research Student, Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology
  • Zukiflee Ibrahim, Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Senior Lecturer, Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology
  • Zulhilmi Ismail, Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Head of Department Hydraulics and Hydrology
  • Md Ridzuan Makhtar, Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Technical Support Attendent, Department Hydraulics and Hydrology
  • Mohd Suhaimi Abd Rahman, Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Asisstant Engineer, Department Hydraulics and Hydrology
  • Norain Syakira Miran, Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Research Student, Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology
  • Siti Shafiqah Md Khairi, Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
    Research Student, Department of Hydraulic and Hydrology

References

Turowski, J. M., Rickenmann, D. and Dadson, S. J. 2010. The Partitioning of the Total Sediment Load of a River into Suspended Load and Bed Load: A Review of Empirical Data. Sedimentology. 57(4): 1126-1146.

Wang, X., Yang, Q., Lu, W. and Wang, X. 2011. Effects of Bed Load Movement on Mean Flow Characteristics in Mobile Gravel Beds. Water Resources Management. 25: 2781-2795.

Karamisheva, R. D., Lyness, J. F., Myers, W. R. C. and Cassells, J. B. C. 2005. Improving Sediment Discharge Prediction for Overbank Flows. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Water Management. 158: 17-24.

Knight, D. W. and Brown, F. A. 2001. Resistance Studies of Overbank Flow in Rivers with Sediment using The Flood Channel Facility. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 39(3): 283-301.

Smart, G. M. 1992. Stage-Discharge Discontinuity in Composite Flood Channels. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 30(06): 817-833.

Shiono, K. and Knight, D. W. 1991. Turbulent Open-Channel Flows with Variable Depth across the Channel. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 222: 617-646.

Vermaas, D. A., Ujittewaal, W. S. J., and Hoitink, A. J. F. 2011. Lateral Transfer of Stream-wise Momentum Caused By A Roughness Transition Across A Shallow Channel. Water Resources Research. 47 W02530: 1-12.

Myers, W. R. C., Lyness, J. F. and Cassells, J. 2001. Influence of Boundary Roughness on Velocity and Discharge in Compound River Channels. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 39(3): 311-319.

Tominaga, A. And Nezu, I. 1991. Turbulence Structure in Compound Open Channel Flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 117: 21-41.

Nezu, I. and Nakagawa, H. 1993. Turbulence in Open-Channel Fows. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Guo, J. and Julien P. Y. 2001. Turbulent Velocity Profiles in Sediment Laden Flows. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 39: 11-23.

Guo, J. and Julien P. Y. 2005. Shear Stress in Smooth Rectangular Open-Channel Flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 131: 30-37.

Babaeyan-Koopaei, K., Ervine, D. A., Carling, P. A. and Cao, Z. 2002. Velocity and Turbulence Measurements for Two Overbank Flow Events in River Severn. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 128: 891-900.

Knight, D. W., Brown, F. A., Valentine, E., Nalluri, C., Bathurst, J., Benson, I., Myers, R., Lyness J. and Cassells. J. 1999. The Response of Straight Mobile Bed Channels To Inbank and Overbank Flows. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Water Maritime and Energy. 136: 211-224.

Atabay, S., Knight, D. W. and Seckin, G. 2005. Effects of Overbank Flow on Fluvial Sediment Transport Rates. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Water Management. 158: 25-34.

Tang, X. and Knight, D. W. 2006. Sediment Transport in River Models with Overbank Flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 132: 77-86.

Bousmar, D., Atabay, S., Knight, D. W. and Zech, Y. 2006. Stage-discharge Modelling in Mobile Bed Compound Channel. River Flow. 333-341.

Ismail, Z. 2007. A Study of Overbank Flows in Non-Vegetated and Vegetated Floodplains in Comound Meandering Channels. PhD Thesis. Loughborough University.

Cao, S., Liu, X. and Yang, K. 2007. Flow and Sediment Behaviours in Compound Channels with Vegetated Floodplains. 5th International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics. Arizona, USA. (CD ROM).

Czernuszenko, W., Kozial, A. and Rowinski, P. M. 2007. Measurement of 3D Turbulence Structure in A Compound Channel. Archieves of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics. 54(1): 55-73.

Chow, V. T. 1959. Open Channel Hydraulics. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.

Zhang, G., Luo, R., Cao, Y., Shen, R., and Zhang, X. C. 2010. Impacts of Sediment Load on Manning Coefficient in Supercritical Shallow Flow on Steep Slopes. Hydrological Processes. 24: 3909-3914.

Ali, M., Sterk, G., Seeger, M., Boersema, M. and Peters, P. 2012. Effects of Hydraulic Parameters on Sediment Transport Capacity in Overland Flow over Erodible Beds. Hydrology and Earth System Science. 16: 591-601.

van Rijn, L. C. 1984a. Sediment Transport, part I: Bed Load Transport. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. ASCE 110(10): 1431-1456.

van Rijn, L. C. 1984b. Sediment Transport, part II: Suspended Load Transport. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. ASCE 110(11): 1613-1641.

van Rijn, L. C. 1984c. Sediment Transport, part III: Bed Forms and Alluvial Roughness. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. ASCE 110(12): 1733-1754.

Lai, S. H., Bessaih, N., Ling, L. P., Ghani, A. A., Zakaria, N. A. and Seng, M. Y. 2008. Discharge Estimation For Equatorial Natural Rivers With Overbank Flow. International Journal of River Basin Management. 6(3): 13-21.

Chang, H.bH. 1988. Fluvial Process in River Engineering. Wiley. Chichester.

Riahi-Madvar, H., Ayyoubzadeh, S. A., Namin, M. M. and Seifi, A. 2011. Uncertainty Analysis of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Flow Simulation in Compound Channels with Overbank Flows. Journal of Hydraulic and Hydromechanic. 59(3): 171-183.

Naot, D. and Rodi, W. 1982. Calculation of Secondary Currents in Open Channel. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 108(8): 948-968.

Rodriguez, J. F. and Garcia, M. H. 2008. Laboratory Measurements of 3-D Flow Patterns and Turbulence in Straight Open Channel with Rough Bed. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 46(4): 454-465.

Hamidifar, H. and Omid, M. H. 2013. Floodplain Vegetation Contribution to Velocity Distribution in Compound Channels. Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism. 3(6): 357-361.

Yang, S.-Q., Tan, S. K. and Wang, X. -K. 2012. Mechanism of Secondary Currents in Open Channel Flows. Journal of Geophysical Research. 117: F04014.

Al-Khatib, I. A. and Gogus, M. 2015. Boundary Shear Stress in Asymetric Rectangular Compound Channels. Turkish Journal of Engineering & Environmental Sciences. 6: 1-15.

Arman, A. and Moghadam, M. 2012. Distribution of Shear Stress in Compound Channels. Archives Des Sciences. 65(7): 179-186.

Beschta, R. L. and Platts, W. S. 1986. Morphological Features of Small Stream: Significance and Function. JAWRA Journal of American Water Resources Association. 22(3): 369-379.

Zangeneh Sirdari, Z., Ab. Ghani, A. and Hassan, Z. A. 2014. Bedload Transport of Small Rivers in Malaysia. International Journal of Sediment Research. 29(4): 481-490.

Downloads

Published

2016-06-22

Issue

Vol. 78 No. 7: July 2016

Section

Science and Engineering

License

Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.

How to Cite

FLUVIAL PROCESSES IN COMPOUND STRAIGHT CHANNELS: A LABORATORY INVESTIGATION. (2016). Jurnal Teknologi, 78(7). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.5327