Enzymatic Membrane Reactor for Chiral Drugs Synthesis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v37.549Abstract
Kepentingan kekiralan dalam aktiviti farmaseutikal telah menuntut kaedah yang berproduktif tinggi dan ekonomik untuk mensintesis enantiomer tulen secara komersil. Ubat moden kerap mengunakan enantiomer daripada suatu campuran stereo–isomer. Permintaan terhadap agen terapeutik yang tulen secara optik menjadi semakin kritikal kerana cirinya yang lebih spesifik berbanding campuran rasemik. Walau bagaimanapun, teknologi konvesional yang dipraktikkan selama ini menghasilkan campuran kedua-dua enantiomer yang sukar dipisahkan. Dalam konteks ini, resolusi berenzim ialah suatu cara untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Resolusi kinetik ialah suatu kaedah yang membolehkan pecahan substratum baki dihasilkan dengan ketulenan enantiomer yang tinggi. Secara unggul, satu daripada enantiomer bertindak balas secara enantiopilihan dengan kadar yang lebih cepat bagi suatu entiti kiral. Sebagai suatu teknologi yang berpotensi tinggi dalam penghasilan enantiomer spesifik, reaktor membran berenzim (EMR) berjaya mengatasi kekurangan yang dialami oleh sistem konvensional. Reaktor membran berenzim menggabungkan pengangkutan jisim memilih dengan tindak balas kimia, dan penyingkiran memilih produk daripada medium tindak balas. Ciri unggul yang ditunjukkan oleh reaktor membran berenzim ialah keupayaannya meningkatkan penghasilan tindak balas berenzim yang berbentuk perencat produk atau tindak balas yang tak sesuai secara termodinamik. Berbanding lipase lain yang ada, lipase daripada Candida rugosa dianggap sebagai suatu biomangkin yang unggul bagi resolusi campuran ester dan alkohol, kerana lipase ini bertindak secara enantiopilihan dan memangkin pensistesisan enantiomer melalui tindak balas hidrolisis. Dalam kertas kerja ini, penggunaan sistem EMR lipase tak boleh gerak terhadap perkembangan teknologi kiral dibincangkan secara umum, dengan tumpuan khusus diberikan terhadap penghasilan drug kiral. Kata kunci: Drug kiral; ketulenan secara optik; enantiomer; resolusi kinetik; reaktor membran berenzim The increasing popularity of chirality in pharmaceutical activity has stimulated an increasing demand for economical and high productive methods for commercial synthesis of pure enantiomers. Modern medicines often call for just one enantiomer of a stereo–isomer. The demand for these optically pure therapeutic agents is becoming more stringent due to its more–specific characteristic than racemic mixtures. However, conventional technologies yield a mixture of both isomers which are difficult to separate. In this context, enzymatic resolution is a subject of recent investigation, where high efficiency of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalyzed multiphase chemistries is being explored. Kinetic resolution is a method in which the residual substrate fraction can be obtained in high enantiomeric purity. Ideally one enantiomer reacts faster than the other with a chiral entity. As a potential technology for the production of specific enantiomer, enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) has been reported to overcome some of the limitations of the conventional system. Enzymatic membrane reactors combine selective mass transport with chemical reactions, and the selective removal of products from the reaction site increases the conversion of product–inhibited or thermodynamically unfavorable reactions. Of all the lipase available, lipase from Cadida rugosa is given particular attention as an ideal biocatalyst for the resolution of racemic esters and alcohols, as it acts enantioselectively and prefers to catalyze the synthesis of one of the enantiomers using hydrolysis with higher preference. In this paper, the authors presented a review of unique potential application of lipase–immobilized EMR systems towards the development of chirotechnology that has been presented which mainly focuses on chiral drugs production. Key words: Chiral drugs, optical purity; enantiomers; kinetic resolution; enzymatic membrane reactorsDownloads
Published
2012-01-20
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Science and Engineering
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How to Cite
Enzymatic Membrane Reactor for Chiral Drugs Synthesis. (2012). Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), 37(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v37.549