BIOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF BOVINE SKIN: AN EXPERIMENT-THEORY INTEGRATION AND FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v76.5803Keywords:
ovine skin, hyperelastic, ogden model, tensile test, mechanical propertiesAbstract
This paper for the first time attempts to establish the biomechanical characteristics of bovine skin via experiment-theory integration and finite element simulation. 30 specimens prepared from fresh slaughtered bovine were uniaxially stretched in-vitro using tensile tests machine. The experimental raw data are then input into a Matlab programme, which quantified the hyperelastic parameters based on Ogden constitutive equation. It is found that the Ogden coefficient and exponent for bovine skin are μ = 0.017 MPa and α = 11.049 respectively. For comparison of results, the quantified Ogden parameters are then input into a simple but robust finite element model, which is developed to replicate the experimental setup and simulate the deformation of the bovine skin. Results from experiment-theory integration and finite element simulation are compared. It is found that the stress-stretch curves are close to one another. The results and finding prove that the current study is significant and has contributed to knowledge enhancement about the deformation behaviour of bovine skin.
References
Gartner, L. P. and Hiatt, J. L. 2001. Color Textbook of Histology. 2 (ed.) W.B Saunders Company.
Bischoff, J. E., Arruda, E. M. and Grosh, K. 2000. Finite Element Modeling Of Human Skin Using An Isotropic, Nonlinear Elastic Constitutive Model. Journal of Biomechanics. 33: 645-652.
Edwards C. and Marks, R. 1995. Evaluation Of Biomechanical Properties Of Human Skin. Clinics in Dermatology. 13: 375-380.
Delalleau, A., Josse, G., Lagarde, J.-M., Zahouani, H. and Bergheau, J.-M. 2006. Characterization Of The Mechanical Properties Of Skin By Inverse Analysis Combined With The Indentation Test. Journal of Biomechanics. 39: 1603-1610.
Mahmud, J., Holt, C. A. and Evans, S. L. 2010. An Innovative Application Of A Small-Scale Motion Analysis Technique To Quantify Human Skin Deformation In Vivo. Journal of Biomechanics. 43: 1002-1006.
Groves, R. B., Coulman, S. A., Birchall, J. C. and Evans, S. L. 2013. An Anisotropic, Hyperelastic Model For Skin: Experimental Measurements, Finite Element Modelling And Identification Of Parameters For Human And Murine Skin. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 18:167-180.
Nà Annaidh, A., Bruyère, K., Destrade, M., Gilchrist, M. D. and Otténio, M. 2012. Characterization Of The Anisotropic Mechanical Properties Of Excised Human Skin. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 5: 139-148.
Wan Abas, W. A. B. and Barbenel, J. C. 1982. Uniaxial Tension Test Of Human Skin In Vivo. Journal of Biomedical Engineering. 4: 65-71.
Liang, X. and Boppart, S. A. 2010. Biomechanical Properties Of In Vivo Human Skin From Dynamic Optical Coherence Elastography. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 57: 953-959.
Dobrev, H. 2007. In Vivo Study Of Skin Mechanical Properties In Raynaud's Phenomenon. Skin Research and Technology. 13: 91-94.
Hashmi, F. and Malone-Lee, J. 2007. Measurement Of Skin Elasticity On The Foot. Skin Research and Technology. 13: 252-258.
Afriat Staloff, I. and Rafailovitch, M. 2008. Measurement Of Skin Stretch Using Digital Image Speckle Correlation. Skin Research and Technology. 14: 298-303.
Lim, J., Hong, J., Chen, W. W. and T Weerasooriya. 2011. Mechanical Response Of Pig Skin Under Dynamic Tensile Loading. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 38: 130-135.
Adull Manan, N. F., Mahmud, J. and Ismail, M. H. 2013. Quantifying the Biomechanical Properties of Bovine Skin under Uniaxial Tension. Journal of Medical and Bioengineering. 2: 45-48.
Lin, M., Zhai, X., Wang, S., Wang, Z., Xu, F. and Lu, T. J. 2012. Influences Of Supra-Physiological Temperatures On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Skin Tissue. Medical Engineering & Physics. 34: 1149-1156.
Dowling B. A. and Dart, A. J. 2005. Mechanical And Functional Properties Of The Equine Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon. The Veterinary Journal. 170: 184-192.
Li, C., Li, S., Guan, G., Wei, C., Huang, Z., and Wang, R. K. 2012. A Comparison Of Laser Ultrasound Measurements And Finite Element Simulations For Evaluating The Elastic Properties Of Tissue Mimicking Phantoms. Optics and Laser Technology. 44: 866-871.
Iannace, S., Sabatini, G., Ambrosio, L. and Nicolais, L. 1995. Mechanical Behaviour Of Composite Artificial Tendons And Ligaments. Biomaterials. 16: 675-680.
Ma, L., Gao, C., Mao, Z., Zhou, J., Shen, J., Hu, X. and Han, C. 2003. Collagen/Chitosan Porous Scaffolds With Improved Biostability For Skin Tissue Engineering. Biomaterials. 24: 4833-4841.
Ahlfors, J.-E. W. and Billiar, K. L. 2007. Biomechanical And Biochemical Characteristics Of A Human Fibroblast-Produced And Remodeled Matrix. Biomaterials 28: 2183-2191.
Stoppato, M., Stevens, H. Y., Carletti, E., Migliaresi, C., Motta, A. and Guldberg, R. E. 2013. Effects Of Silk Fibroin Fiber Incorporation On Mechanical Properties, Endothelial Cell Colonization And Vascularization Of PDLLA Scaffolds. Biomaterials. 34: 4573-4581.
Holzapfel, G. A. and Ogden, R. W. 2006. On Experimental Testing Methods For Characterizing The Mechanical Properties Of Soft Biological Materials Such As Arterial Tissues. Journal of Biomechanics. 39(Supplement 1): S324.
Chen, C.-H. and Wang, Y.-C. 1997. An Extended Nonlinear Mechanical Model For Solid-Filled Mooney-Rivlin Rubber Composites. Polymer. 38: 571-576.
Feng, W. W. and Christensen, R. M. 1982. Nonlinear Deformation Of Elastomeric Foams. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics. 17: 355-367.
Khaothong, K. 2010. In Vivo Measurements Of The Mechanical Properties Of Human Skin And Muscle By Inverse Finite Element Method Combined With The Indentation Test. Singapore: 1467-1470.
Jachowicz, J., McMullen, R. and Prettypaul, D. 2007. Indentometric Analysis Of In Vivo Skin And Comparison With Artificial Skin Models. Skin Research and Technology. 13: 299-309.
Flynn, C., Taberner, A. J., Nielsen, P. M. F. and Fels, S. 2013. Simulating The Three-Dimensional Deformation Of In Vivo Facial Skin. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials.
Flynn, C., Taberner, A. and Nielsen, P. 2011. Measurement Of The Force–Displacement Response Of In Vivo Human Skin Under A Rich Set Of Deformations. Medical Engineering & amp; Physic. 33: 610-619.
Simonsen, L., Petersen, M. B. and Groth, L. 2002. In Vivo Skin Penetration Of Salicylic Compounds In Hairless Rats. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 17: 95-104.
Mahmud, J., Holt, C., Evans, S. Adull Manan, N. F. and Chizari, M. 2012. A Parametric Study and Simulations in Quantifying Human Skin Hyperelastic Parameters. Procedia Engineering. 41:1580-1586.
Reihsner, R., Melling, M., Pfeiler, W. and Menzel, E.-J. 2000. Alterations Of Biochemical And Two-Dimensional Biomechanical Properties Of Human Skin In Diabetes Mellitus As Compared To Effects Of In Vitro Non-Enzymatic Glycation. Clinical Biomechanics. 15: 379-386.
Tran, H. V., Charleux, F., Rachik, M., Ehrlacher, A. and Ho Ba Tho,M. C. 2007. In Vivo Characterization Of The Mechanical Properties Of Human Skin Derived From MRI And Indentation Techniques. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering.10: 401-407.
Lim, K. H., Chew, C. M., Chen, P. C. Y., Jeyapalina, S., Ho, H. N., Rappel, J. K. and Lim, B. H. 2008. New Extensometer To Measure In Vivo Uniaxial Mechanical Properties Of Human Skin. Journal of Biomechanics. 41: 931-936.
Mahmud, L., Ismail,M. H., Adull Manan, N. F. and Mahmud, J. 2013. Characterisation Of Soft Tissues Biomechanical Properties Using 3D Numerical Approach. Business Engineering and Industrial Applications Colloquium (BEIAC), 2013 IEEE. Malaysia. 2013. 801-806.
Ogden, R. 1972. Large Deformation Isotropic Elasticity-On The Correlation Of Theory And Experiment For Incompressible Rubberlike Solids. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 1972. 565-584.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
