PERFORMANCE OF UMAR-SRIMAT ON SOIL WATER CONSERVATION AND WEED CONTROL IN SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v76.5956Keywords:
Bio-composite technology, sustainable farming, rice yield, moisture contentAbstract
Weed emergence is among the most important problems in system of rice intensification (SRI) due to extensive planting geometry of at least 25 × 25 cm and moist environment, thereby leading to water loss by means of evaporation from the broad space as a result of the extensive planting geometry, and transpiration by the weeds. This reduces the additional water saving which affect the potential of SRI water productivity. It also reduces rice crop yields up to 70% if there is no weed control attempted. Nowadays, weed is being controlled by manual weeder which is labour demanding, while motorized weeders overcome the problem but still, it able to remove the weeds before rice canopy closure or 30 days after transplanting (DAT). This research was designed to evaluate the performance of UMAR-SRImat on soil moisture conservation and weed control. UMAR-SRImat was made using flaked rice straw and biodegradable adhesive. The design was laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three treatments [without soil cover (T1), SRImat (T2), UMAR-SRImat (T3)] and three replications. The analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Volumetric moisture content (VMC) was determined at 18 and 25 DAT. Weeds were observed and recorded to determine the weed dry weight and weed control efficiency at 20, 40 and 60 DAT. Plant height per hill was measured at 30 and 50 DAT, likewise, the number of tillers were counted at 30 and 50 DAT. The result of VMC showed that UMAR-SRImat significantly conserved water higher than the control treatment at 18 and 25 DAT of 3100.0a and 2680.0a m3/ha, respectively. The effectiveness of UMAR-SRImat mulched was 100% at 20 DAT 99.64% at 40 DAT and 97.99% at 60 DAT. This research revealed that UMAR-SRImat mulch could retain soil moisture and suppressed weeds up to 60 DAT.
References
CIIFAD. 2014b. SRI Origin. Retrieved from http://sri.ciifad.cornell.edu/aboutsri/origin/index.html.
CIIFAD. 2013. SRI International Network and Resource Center. Retrieved from http:// sri.ciifad.cornell.edu/.
Hameed, K. A., Mosa, A. J., & Jaber, F. A. 2011. Irrigation Water Reduction Using System of Rice Intensification Compared with Conventional Cultivation Methods in Iraq. Paddy and Water Environment. 9(1): 121-127.
Krupnik, T. J., Rodenburg, J., Haden, V. R., Mbaye, D., & Shennan, C. 2012. Genotypic Trade-offs Between Water Productivity and Weed Competition Under the System of Rice Intensification in the Sahel. Agricultural Water Management. 115: 156-166.
Haden, V. R., Duxbury, J. M., DiTommaso, A., & Losey, J. E. 2007. Weed Community Dynamics in the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and the Efficacy of Mechanical Cultivation and Competitive Rice Cultivars for Weed Control In Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 30(4): 5-26.
Zhao, D., Atlin, G., Bastiaans, L., & Spiertz, J. 2006. Cultivar Weed-Competitiveness in Aerobic Rice: Heritability, Correlated Traits, and the Potential for Indirect Selection in Weed-free Environments. Crop Science. 46(1): 372-380.
Weber, C. 2003. Biodegradable Mulch Films for Weed Suppression in the Establishment Year of Matted-row Strawberries. HortTechnology. 13(4): 665-668.
Tindall, J. A., Beverly, R., & Radcliffe, D. 1991. Mulch Effect on Soil Properties and Tomato Growth Using Micro-Irrigation. Agronomy Journal. 83(6): 1028-1034.
Bioflora. 2013. Definition of Soil Microbe Groups. Retrieved from http://www.bioflora.com/soil-microbes.
Kasirajan, S., & Ngouajio, M. 2012. Polyethylene and Biodegradable Mulches for Agricultural Applications: A Review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 32(2): 501-529.
Ramakrishna, A., Tam, H. M., Wani, S. P., & Long, T. D. 2006. Effect of Mulch on Soil Temperature, Moisture, Weed Infestation and Yield of Groundnut in Northern Vietnam. Field Crops Research. 95(2): 115-125.
Jacob, D., & Syriac, E. K. 2005. Performance of Transplanted Scented Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Under Different Spacing and Weed Management Regimes in Southern Kerala. J.Tropical Agric. 43(1/2): 71-73.
Babar, S. R., & Velayutham, A. 2012. Weed Management Practices on Nutrient Uptake, Yield Attributes and Yield of Rice Under System of Rice Intensification. Madras Agricultural Journal. 99(1/3): 51-54.
Babar, S., & Velayutham, A. 2012. Weed Management Practices on Weed Characters, Plant Growth and Yield of Rice Under System of Rice Intensification. Madras Agricultural Journal. 99(1/3): 46-50.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Ali, M., Alam, M., Akther, M., &Alam, K. F. 2009. Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicide and Hand Weeding on the Weed Control Efficiency and Performance of Transplanted Aus Rice. American–Eurasian J.Agron. 2: 138-143.
CIIFAD. 2014a. SRI in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://sri.ciifad.cornell.edu/countries/malaysia/index.html.
Yahaya, S. 2013. Implication of SRI-inspired Innovation on the Rice Industry in Malaysia. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Workshop. Universiti Putra Malaysia 10 March, 2013. Unpublished manuscript.
Mohammed, U., Aimrun, W., Amin, M., Khalina, A., & Zubairu, U. 2015. Influence of Soil Cover on Moisture Content and Weed Suppression Under System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Paddy and Water Environment. 1-9. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10333-015-0487-x.
Usman Z. B. 2013. Design and Development of Seedling Tray in System of Rice Intensification (SRI). (Unpublished Master of science). Universiti Putara Malaysia.
Devasinghe, D., Premarathne, K., & Sangakkara, U. 2011. Weed Management by Rice Straw Mulching in Direct Seeded Lowland Rice (oryza sativa L.). Tropical Agricultural Research. 22(3): 263-272.
Hu, W., Duan, S., & Sui, Q. 1995. High-yield Technology for Groundnut. International Arachis Newsletter Volume 15 ICRISAT.
Zhi, M. 2002. Water Efficient Irrigation and Environmentally Sustainable Irrigated Rice Production in China. International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage.
Chen, Z. 1985. Polythene Mulched Groundnut Development in Guanzhou City. Peanut Sci. Technol. 3: 34-37.
Pandey, S. 2009. Effect of Weed Control Methods on Rice Cultivars Under the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) (Unpublished Master of Science Thesis), Tribhuvan University.
Chung, I., Kim, K., Ahn, J., Lee, S., Kim, S., & Hahn, S. 2003. Comparison of Allelopathic Potential of Rice Leaves, Straw, and Hull Extracts on Barnyardgrass. Agronomy Journal. 95(4): 1063-1070.
Meyyappan, M., Ganapathy, M., Sriramachandrasekharan, M., & Sujatha, S. 2013. Effect of Age of Seedlings and Weed Management Practices on Certain Growth Parameters of Rice Under System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Journal of Rice Research. 6(1): 53.
Cherati, F. E., Bahrami, H., & Asakereh, A. 2011. Evaluation of Traditional, Mechanical and Chemical Weed Control Methods in Rice Fields. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5(8): 1007.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
