EVALUATION BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF Piper Sp INTENDED FOR SKIN FORMULATION PRESERVATIVE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.5984Keywords:
Plant based preservative, Piper sp.Abstract
Preservatives are substances added into product to prevent their premature spoilage. Preservative helps to prolong the product’s shelf life by protecting the product from microbial growth and oxidation process. In this study, the potential of a Piper sp. as preservative for cosmetic products is being investigated. The exploration begins with the screening of major phytochemical groups; flavonoid, steroid, alkaloid, saponin and triterpene. Evaluation of biological activities exhibited the plant possessed antimicrobial property towards two strains of Staphylococcus aureus and free radical scavenging capacity. The minimum inhibitory concentration values (MIC) for both S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. aureus ATCC 6538 is 2500 mg/mL and 312.5 mg/mL respectively. Free radical scavenging capacity of the plant was determined via Superoxide scavenging assay and DPPH radical scavenging assay and the capacity values are 76.4+0.35% and 59.7+0.75% respectively. Cytotoxicity study was also carried out to determine the safety of Piper sp. where median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for normal kidney cell lines (Vero) is 62.96 mg/mL and normal liver cell lines (WRL-68) is 69.91mg/mL. The extract of Piper sp. was formulated as cosmetic preservative ingredient especially for topical product. The specification of ingredient’s characteristic and performance were described based on colour, odour, pH value as well the solubility in product formulation and stability at 4°C, room temperature and 40°C.
References
Kunicka-Stczynska, A., Sikora, M. and Kalemba, D. 2009. Antimicrobial Activity of Lavender, Tea Tree and Lemon Oils in Cosmetic Preservative Systems. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 107: 1903-1911.
Paranagama, P. A., Abeysekera, K. H. T., Abeywickrama, K., Nugaliyadd, L. 2003. Fungicidal and Anti-Aflatoxigenic Effects of the Essential Oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (Lemongrass) against Aspergillus flavus Link Isolated from Stored Rice. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 37: 86-90.
Muyima, N. Y. O., Zulu, G., Bhengu, T. and Popplewell, D. 2002. The Potential Application of Some Novel Essential Oils as Natural Cosmetic Preservatives in an Aqueous Cream Formulation. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 17: 258-266.
Deans, S. G., Sbodova, K. P. 1990. The Antimicrobial Properties of Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) Volatile Oil. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 5: 187-190.
Mastura, M., Saiful Azmi, J., Mazurah, M. I., Mohd Ramdan, P. and Wan Sabariah, S. 2014. Inspirasi Pengetahuan Tradisi dalam Misi Memerangi Makhluk Halus. Seminar Pemuliharaan & Pemerkasaan Pengetahuan Tradisi: Melestari Legasi Pengetahuan Tradisi. Kuala Lumpur 23-24 Mei 2014. 57-62.
Nordin, L. and Laily, D. 1988. Report on the Phytochemical Survey Conducted at the Krau Game Reserve, Lanchang, Temerloh Pahang. In Prosiding Perjumpaan Kumpulan Penyelidik Sebatian SemulaJadi Ke 1. 22-33.
Blois, M. S. 2011. Antioxidant Determination by the Use of Stable Free Radical. Nature. 26: 1199-1200.
Skehan, P., Storeng, R., Scudiero, D., Monks, A., McMahon, J., Vistica, D., Warren, J. T., Bokesch, H. Kenney, S. and Boyd, M. R. 1990. New Colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer-drug screening. Journal of the National Cancer institute. 82: 1107-1102.
Voigt, W. 2005. Sulforhodamine B Assay and chemosensitivity. In: Blumenthal R.D. (ed.) Chemosensitivity. Vol. 1: In vitro assay. Methods in molecular medicine. Humana Press Inc. 39-48.
British Pharmacopeia 2011. Vol II. General Notices: Monograph, Medicinal and Pharmaceuticals Substances (J-Z). General Notices Part II: Characteristic. 1209.
Fauziah, A., Salbiah, M. and Ling, S.K. 2009. Chemical fingerprinting of Piper muricatum Blume by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with Two Dimensional correlation IR Spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Seminar on Medicinal & Aromatics Plants: herbal globalization: A new Paradigm for Malaysian herbal industry. Kuala Lumpur 21-22 October 2008. 374-386.
Getha, K., Masahiro, H., Wong, H. J., Khor, S. E., Muhammad Syamil, A., Mastura, M., Hema, Thopla. and Lee, S. S. 2013. Discovery of Potential Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Inhibitor from ganoderma Sp. FRIM550. Seminar on Medicinal & Aromatics Plants: Translating Natural Products R, D,& C Initiatives in Line with Economic Transformation Programme. Kuala Lumpur 25-26 September 2012. 57-64.
Elmore, E., Siddiqui, S., Desai, N., Moyer, M.P. Steele, V. E. and Redpath, J. L. 2002. The Human Epithelial Cell Cytotoxicity Assay for Determining Tissue Specific Toxicity: Method Modifications. Methods in Cell Science. 24: 145-153.
Manou, I., Bouillard, L., Devleeschouwer, M.J. and Barel, A.O. 1998. Evaluation of the Preservative Properties of Thymus Vulgaris Essential Oils in Topically Applied Formulations Under a Challenge Test. Journal of Applied Microbiology.84: 366-376.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
