NON-IONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION EFFECT ON NERVE FIBER ACTION POTENTIAL OF HUMAN BODY – A REVIEW

Authors

  • Muhammad Syafiq Noor Azizi Department of Telecommunication Electronics, Faculty of Electronic & Computer Engineering. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
  • Nor Azlan Aris Department of Telecommunication Electronics, Faculty of Electronic & Computer Engineering. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
  • Azahari Salleh Department of Telecommunication Electronics, Faculty of Electronic & Computer Engineering. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
  • Adib Othman Department of Telecommunication Electronics, Faculty of Electronic & Computer Engineering. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
  • Najmiah Radiah Mohamad Department of Telecommunication Electronics, Faculty of Electronic & Computer Engineering. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6244

Keywords:

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR), human body, nervous system, non-ionizing radiation

Abstract

The use of electromagnetic radiations (EM) has been increased manifold in recent times mainly due to technological advances. Electromagnetic energy was absorbed by some proportion in the human body which results to an undesirable side-effect. There is a concern on the effect of the electromagnetic   radiation on biological systems in general and particularly on human nervous systems. This paper presents a review on non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation effect that has been conducted by various researchers. Through this review, we hope to provide better understanding and awareness on what is essentially happening to action potentials on electrical nerve fiber of human body if there is a presence of interference from non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation

References

Lavanya A.B. 2003. "Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Biological Systems: A Short Review of Case Studies." IEEE Xplore. IEEE. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.

A. Zamanian, C. Hardiman. Electromagnetic Radiation and HumanHealth.[Online].From:http://www.highfrequencyelectronics.com/Jul05/HFE0705_Zamanian.pdf.[Acessed on 24 November 2014].

Ng K.H. 2003. Non-Ionizing Radiations–Sources, Biological Effects, Emissions and Exposures." Non-Ionizing Radiations – Sources, Biological Effects, Emissions and Exposures. 1-5: 20-22. Web. 8 Oct. 2014.

Sosnicky A.P. 1976. “Sources and Biological Effects of Nonionizing Electromagnetic Radiationâ€. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School.Print

Mukhopadhyay S. and Sanyal A. 1997. "A Review of the Effects of Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation on Human Body and Exposure Standards." IEEE Xplore. IEEE. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.

Lai H. 1965. “Neurological Effects of Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Fields†(2014): n. pag. Mar. 2014. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.

Bergman W. “The Effect of Microwave on The Central Nervous Systemâ€. Thesis. Research and Scientific Laboratory Ford Motor Company,. German.

D. I. McRee, J. A. Elder, M. I. Gage, L. W. Reiter, L. S. Rosenstein, M. L. Shore, W. D. Galloway, W. R. Adey, and A. W. Guy. 1979. "Effects of Noinionizing Radiation on the Central Nervous System, Behavior, and Blood: A Progress Report." N.p., June Web. 4 Nov. 2014.

De Salles, A.A.A. 1999 "Biological Effects of Microwave and RF." IEEE Xplore. IEEE. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.

Johnson, C.c., and A.w. Guy. 1972. "Nonionizing Electromagnetic Wave Effects in Biological Materials and Systems." Proceedings of the IEEE. 60(6): 692-718. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.

B.J. Roth and P. J. Basser. 1990. “A Model of the Stimulation of a Nerve Fiber by Electromagnetic Inductionâ€. 37: 588-97. IEEE. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.

H. Hinrikus, J. Lass, and V. Tuulik. 2003. "Low-level Microwave Effect on Nerve Pulse Propagation Velocity." IEEE Xplore. IEEE. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.

R.W. P. King. 1999. “Nerves in a Human Body Exposed to Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fieldsâ€. IEEE Xplore. IEEE. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.

M.N. Shneider and M. Pekker. 2013. “Non-Thermal Mechanism of Weak Microwave Fields Influence on Nerve Fiberâ€. IEEE Xplore. AIP. 16 September Web. 4 Nov. 2014.

Srikantan S., Nagarajan and D.M. Durand. 1995. “Analysis of Magnetic Stimulation of a Concentric Axon in a Nerve Bundleâ€. IEEE Xplore. IEEE. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.

M. Sekino, H. Tatsuoka, S. Yamaguchi, Y. Eguchi, and S. Ueno,†Effects of Strong Static Magnetic Fields on Nerve Excitationâ€. IEEE Xplore. IEEE, 8-12 May 2006. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.

M. Cretu, L. Darabant, and R. Ciupa. 2012. â€Modeling the Activation of a Non-Homogenous Nerve Fiber by Magnetic Stimulationâ€. IEEE Xplore. IEEE .Web. 4 Nov. 2014.

K. L.-L. Roman, G. Vermeeren, A. Thielens, W. Joseph and L. Martens, 2014."Characterization Of Path Loss And Asorption For A Wireless Radio Frequency Link Between An In-Body Endoscopy Capsule And A Receiver Outside The Body," EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. 21(1):1-10.

P. D. Bradley, 2006."An Ultra-Low Power, High Performance medical Implant Communication System (MICS) Transceiver for Implantable Devices," in Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, BioCAS 2006 IEEE.

R. Chavez-Santiago, K. Sayrafian-Pour, A. Khaleghi, K. Takizawa, J. Wang, I. Balasingham and H.-B. Li, 2013."Propagation Models fro IEEE 802.15.6 Standardization of Implant Communication in Body Area Networks," IEEE Comunications Magazine. 13: 80-84.

A. Ghildiyal, B. Godara, K. Amara, R. Dalmolin and A. Amara, 2010."UWB For Low Power, Short Range, In-Body Medical Implants," in Wireless Information Technology and Systems (ICWITS), 2010 IEEE International Conference.

H. S. Savci, A. Sula, Z. Wang, N. S. Dogan and E. Arvas, 2005. "MICS Transceivers: Regulatory Standards and Applications," in SoutheastCon, 2005 Proceedings, IEEE.

A. Khaleghi, R. Chavez-Santiago and I. Balasingham, "An Improved Ultra Wideband Channel Model Including the Frequency-Dependen Attenuation for In-Body Communications," in Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) 2012, 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, San Diego, CA, 2012.

M. M. Khan, Q. H. Abbasi, A. Alomainy and Y. Hao, 2011."Radio Propagation Channel Characterisation using Ultra Wideband Wireless Tags for Body-Centric Wireless Networks in Indoor Environment," in Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2011 International Workshop.

A. Ghildiyal, B. Godara, K. Amara, R. Dalmolin and A. Amara,2010. "UWB For Low Power, Short Range, In-Body Medical Implants," in Wireless Information Technology and Systems (ICWITS), 2010 IEEE International Conference.

M. Leib, M. Frei, D. Sailer and W. Menzel, 2009."Design and Characterization of a UWB Slot Antenna Optimized for Radiation in Human Tissue," in Ultra-Wideband 2009, ICUWB, IEEE International Conference, Vancouver, BC.

V. D. Santis and M. Feliziani, 2011."Intra-Body Channel Characterization of Medical Implant Devices," in Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Elecromagnetic Compability (EMC Europe 2011), York, UK.

A. Khaleghi, I. Balasingham and R. Chavez-Santiago, 2010."Computational Study Of Ultra-Wideband Wave Propagation Into The Human Chest," IET Microwaves. Antenna & Propagation. 5 (5): 559-567.

A. Khaleghi, R. Chavez-Santiago and I. Balasingham, 2010."Ultra-Wideband Pulse-Based Data Communications For Medical Implants," IET Communications. 4 (15): 1889-1897.

B. Lawson. Electromagnetic Radiation and Radio Waves.[Online].From:http://www.mpoweruk.com/radio.htm.[Acessed on 28 November 2014].

Downloads

Published

2015-11-12

Issue

Section

Science and Engineering

How to Cite

NON-IONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION EFFECT ON NERVE FIBER ACTION POTENTIAL OF HUMAN BODY – A REVIEW. (2015). Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), 77(7). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6244