A REVIEW ON THE POTENTIAL OF SILICON NANOWIRES (SINWS) IN THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6417Keywords:
Energy harvester, thermoelectric, semiconductors, silicon nanowiresAbstract
There are various types of micro-scale energy harvesters (EH) that have been reported by many researchers around the world such as photovoltaic cells, piezoelectric transducers, electromagnetic transducers, thermoelectric and others. Energy harvester that harvest ambient energy which exists naturally or produced by mankind or machines, are able to be an alternative source for low-power devices such as mobile phone, laptop, health implant and many more. Thermoelectric is an energy harvester that converts heat waste from any sources such as vehicle engines, laptops or human body into electricity. Numerous kind of thermoelectric materials including metals and semiconductors have been investigated by researchers that produce different performances and efficiencies. Recently, researchers are looking forward to nanostructured semiconductors such as nanoribbons, nanotubes, nanowires and quantum dots as a potential to increase the figure of merit (ZT) and efficiency of thermoelectric EH. This paper reviews on silicon as the second most abundant element on earth and commonly used in electronic components is possible to be used as thermoelectric material. Silicon in bulk has high thermal conductivity which is less desirable for thermoelectric application. However, many studies regarding nanostructured silicon such as silicon nanowires have been carried out with promising results in reducing thermal conductivity.
References
H. Zervos, P. Harrop, and R. Das. 2014. Energy harvesting and storage 2014-2024: Forecasts, Technologies, Players. IDTechEx, Rep.
D. Dondi, A. Bertacchini, D. Brunelli, L. Larcher, and L. Benini. 2008. Modeling and Optimization Of A Solar Energy Harvester System For Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 55: 2759-2766.
K. Nakano, S. J. Elliott, and E. Rustighi. 2007. A Unified Approach To Optimal Conditions Of Power Harvesting Using Electromagnetic And Piezoelectric Transducers. Smart Materials and Structures. 16: 948.
S. J. Roundy. 2003. Energy Scavenging For Wireless Sensor Nodes With A Focus On Vibration To Electricity Conversion. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
Y.-C. Shu. 2009. Performance Evaluation Of Vibration-Based Piezoelectric Energy Scavengers. In Energy Harvesting Technologies. Springer. 79-105.
S. P. Beeby, R. Torah, M. Tudor, P. Glynne-Jones, T. O'Donnell, C. Saha, et al. 2007. A Micro Electromagnetic Generator For Vibration Energy Harvesting. Journal Of Micromechanics And Microengineering. 17: 1257.
S. Cheng, N. Wang, and D. P. Arnold. 2007. Modeling of Magnetic Vibrational Energy Harvesters Using Equivalent Circuit Representations. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. 17: 2328.
C. Lee, Y. Hsu, W. Hsiao, and J. W. Wu. 2004. Electrical And Mechanical Field Interactions Of Piezoelectric Systems: Foundation Of Smart Structures-Based Piezoelectric Sensors And Actuators, And Free-Fall Sensors. Smart Materials And Structures. 13: 1090.
G. Poulin, E. Sarraute, and F. Costa. 2004. Generation of Electrical Energy For Portable Devices: Comparative Study Of An Electromagnetic And A Piezoelectric System. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 116: 461-471.
W. Choi, Y. Jeon, J.-H. Jeong, R. Sood, and S.-G. Kim,. 2006. Energy Harvesting MEMS Device Based On Thin Film Piezoelectric Cantilevers. Journal of Electroceramics. 17: 543-548.
H.-B. Fang, J.-Q. Liu, Z.-Y. Xu, L. Dong, D. Chen, B.-C. Cai, et al. 2006. A MEMS-based piezoelectric Power Generator For Low Frequency Vibration Energy Harvesting. Chinese Physics Letters. 23: 732-734.
Y. Jeon, R. Sood, J.-H. Jeong, and S.-G. Kim. 2005. MEMS Power Generator With Transverse Mode Thin Film PZT. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 122: 16-22.
T.-H. Lee. 1995. Self-excited Piezoelectric Cantilever Oscillators. In Proc. Transducers 95/Eurosensors IX. 41-45.
C. F. Verardi P, Dinescu M. 1997. Characterization of PZT thin Film Transducers Obtained By Pulsed Laser Deposition. In IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. 569-72.
R. Venkatasubramanian, C. Watkins, D. Stokes, J. Posthill, and C. Caylor. 2007. Energy Harvesting For Electronics With Thermoelectric Devices Using Nanoscale Materials. In IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, 2007. IEDM 2007. 367-370.
S. J. Roundy. 2003. Energy Scavenging For Wireless Sensor Nodes With A Focus On Vibration To Electricity Conversion. University of California, Berkeley.
D. Friedman, Heinrich, H., Duan, D-W. 1997. A Low-Power CMOS Integrated Circuit for Field-Powered Radio Frequency Identification. In Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Solid-State Circuits Conference. 294-295.
H. Zervos. 2014. Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting 2014-2024: Devices, Applications, Opportunities. Energy Harvesting Report.
L. E. Bell. 2008. Cooling, Heating, Generating Power, And Recovering Waste Heat With Thermoelectric Systems. Science Journals. 321: 1457-1461.
S. Kasap. 2001. Thermoelectric Effects In Metals: Thermocouples. Canada: Department of Electrical Engineering University of Saskatchewan.
J. E. Cornett and O. Rabin. 2011. Thermoelectric Figure of Merit Calculations For Semiconducting Nanowires. Applied Physics Letters. 98: 182104.
C. B. Vining. 2001. Semiconductors Are Cool. Nature. 413: 577-578.
T. M. Tritt. 2002. Thermoelectric Materials: Principles, Structure, Properties, and Applications. Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology. 1-11.
A. I. Boukai, Y. Bunimovich, J. Tahir-Kheli, J.-K. Yu, W. A. Goddard Iii, and J. R. Heath. 2008. Silicon Nanowires As Efficient Thermoelectric Materials. Nature.451: 168-171.
H. J. Goldsmid. 1960. Applications of Thermoelectricity. Methuen.
W. Glatz, S. Muntwyler, and C. Hierold. 2006. Optimization and Fabrication Of Thick Flexible Polymer Based Micro Thermoelectric Generator. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 132: 337-345.
W. Qu and W.-J. Fischer. 2001. Microfabrication of Thermoelectric Generators On Flexible Foil Substrates As A Power Source For Autonomous Microsystems. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. 11: 146.
J. Xie, C. Lee, and H. Feng. 2010. Design, Fabrication, And Characterization of CMOS MEMS-Based Thermoelectric Power Generators. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems. 19: 317-324.
J. P. Carmo, L. M. Gonçalves, and J. H. Correia. 2010. Thermoelectric microconverter for energy harvesting systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 57: 861-867.
A. I. Hochbaum, R. Chen, R. D. Delgado, W. Liang, E. C. Garnett, M. Najarian, et al. 2008. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of rough silicon nanowires. Nature. 451: 163-167.
E. B. Ramayya, D. Vasileska, S. M. Goodnick, and I. Knezevic. 2008. Thermoelectric properties of silicon nanowires. In 8th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, 2008. NANO'08. 339-342.
Y. Touloukian, R. Powell, C. Ho, and P. Klemens. 1970. Thermophysical Properties of Matter-The TPRC Data Series. Volume 1. Thermal Conductivity-Metallic Elements and Alloys. DTIC Document.
Z. Huang, N. Geyer, P. Werner, J. De Boor, and U. Gösele. 2011. Metalâ€Assisted Chemical Etching of Silicon: A Review. Journal of Advanced Materials. 23: 285-308.
E. Ramayya and I. Knezevic. 2009. Ultrascaled Silicon Nanowires As Efficient Thermoelectric Materials. In 13th International Workshop on Computational Electronics, 2009. IWCE'09. 1-4.
A. Stranz, J. Kähler, S. Merzsch, A. Waag, and E. Peiner. 2012. Nanowire Silicon As A Material For Thermoelectric Energy Conversion. Microsystem Technologies. 18: 857-862.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
