ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF RHIZOSPHERIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH LEMONGRASS FOR POTENTIAL BIOREMEDIATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6708Keywords:
Rhizospheric, lemongrass, dibenzofuran-utilizing bacteria, bioremediation, 16S rRNA geneAbstract
Contamination of soil and groundwater pollution is a severe problem, has been attracting considerable public attention over the last decades. With the demand for green and cleaner technology for remediation process, there is an increased interest in moving away from conventional technologies towards bioremediation technologies. Rhizospheric zone is a suitable place for harboring bacteria that are capable to utilize chemical compounds which will be used either to facilitate growth of bacteria or the host plants. Identification of the specific microbial members should allow for better strategies to enhance biodegradation. This study aimed to isolate and identify the rhizospheric associated microbes of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), a plant that commonly available in South East Asia, which could be used in future research on degradation studies of dibenzofuran. This probably is due to their ability to harbor large numbers of bacteria on their highly branched root systems. A total of 68 strains of dibenzofuran (DF)- degrading bacteria isolated from the rhizospheric soil of lemon grass from 2 different unpolluted sites were characterized. The isolates showed the ability to utilize dibenzofuran as the sole carbon and energy source up to 40 ppm. Identification of the isolates based on 16S rRNA gene sequence assigned them as members of the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, among which those of the genera, Proteobacteria were most abundant. The presented results indicated the potential of these bacterial isolates in bioremediation of dibenzofuran-contaminated soil.
References
Wittich, R. M. 1998. Degradation of Dioxin-Like Compounds by Microorganisms. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 49:489-499.
ATSDR. 1998. Toxicological Profile for Chlorinated Dibenzo-p- Dioxins. US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.
Schecter, A. L., Birnbaum, J. J. and Ryan, J. D. 2006. Constable, Dioxins: An Overview. Environ. Res. 101: 419-428.
Environmental Protection Agency. 2005. The Inventory of Sources and Environmental Releases of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the United States: The Year 2000 Update. External Review Draft EPA/600/p-03/002A.
Goris, J. P., Vos, J. D., Mellado, J. C., Park, E., Falsen, J. F., Quensen III, Tiedje, J.M. and Vandamme, P. 2004. Classiï¬cation of the PCB- and Biphenyl-degrading Strain LB400T and Relatives as Burkholderia xenovorans sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54: 1677-1681.
Nordin, N. F. H. 2012. RpoN-dependent Adaptation Burkholderia Xenovorans LB400 for Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Dibenzofuran. University of Malaya.
Nojiri, H., Nam, J. M., Kosaka, M., Morii, K., Takemura, T., Furihata, K., Yamane, H. and Omori, T. 1999. Diverse Oxygenations Catalyzed by Carbazole 1,9a-dioxigenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain CA10. J. Bacteriol. 181: 3105-3113.
Lida, T., Mukouzaka, Y., Nakamura, K., Yamaguchi, T. 2002. Isolation and Characterization of Dibenzofuran- Degrading Actinomycetes: Analysis of Multiple Extradiol Dioxygenase Genes in Dibenzofuran-Degrading Rhodococcus species. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66: 1462-1472.
Armengaud, J., Happe, B. and Timmis, K. N. 1998. Genetic Analysis of Dioxin Dioxygenase of Sphingomonas Sp. Strain RW1:Catabolic Genes Dispersed in the Genome. J. Bacteriol. 180: 3954-3966.
Wilkes, H., Wittich, R., Timmis, K.N., Fortnagel, P. and Francke W. 1996. Degradation of Chlorinated Dibenzofurans and Dibenzo-p-dioxins by Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 367-371.
Wittich, R. M., Wilkes, H., Sinnwell, V., Francke, W. and Fortnagel, P. 1992. Metabolism of Dibenzo-p-dioxin by Sphingomonas sp. Strain RW1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 1005-1010.
Yabuuchi, E., Yamamoto, H., Terakubo, S., Okamura, N., Naka, T., Fujiwara, N., Kobayashi, K., Kosako, Y. and Hiraishi, A. 2001. Proposal of Sphingomonas wittichii sp. nov. for Strain RW1T Known as a dibenzo-p-dioxin-metabolizer. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51: 281-292.
Fukuda, K., Nagata, S., and Taniguchi, H. 2002. Isolation and Characterization of Dibenzofuran-Degrading Bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 208: 179-185.
Lida, T., Mukouzaka, Y., Nakamura, K. and Kudo, T. 2002. Plasmid-borne Genes Code for an Angular Dioxygenase Involved in Dibenzofuran Degradation by Terrabacter sp. strain YK3. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 3716-3723.
Kasuga, K., Nojiri, H., Yamane, H., Kodama, T., & Omori. 1997. T. Cloning and Characterization of the Genes Involved in the Degradation of Dibenzofuran by Terrabacter sp. Strain DBF63. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 84: 387-399.
Nojiri, H. M. Kamakura, M., Urata, T., Tanaka, J. S., Chung, T., Takemura, T., Yoshida, H., Habe, T. 2002. Dioxin Catabolic Genes are Dispersed on the Terrabacter sp. DBF63 Genome. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 296: 233-240.
Schmid, A. B., Rothe, J., Altenbuchner, W., Ludwig, K., Engesser, H. 1997. Characterization of Three Distinct Extradiol Dioxygenases Involved in Mineralization of Dibenzofuran by Terrabacter sp. Strain DPO360. J. Bacteriol. 179: 53-62.
Lang, E., Kroppenstedt, R.M., Swiderski, J., Schumann, P., Ludwig, W., Schmid, A. and Weiss, N. 2003. Emended Description of Janibacter Terrae Including Ten Dibenzofuran Degrading Strains and Janibacter Brevis as Its Later Heterotypic Synonym. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53: 1999-2005.
Lang, E., Kroppenstedt, R. M., Swiderski, J., Schumann, P., Ludwig, W., Schmid, A., and Weiss, N. 2003. Emended Description of Janibacter Terrae Including Ten Dibenzofuran Degrading Strains and Janibacter brevis as its Later Heterotypic Synonym. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53: 1999-2005.
Fortnagel, P., Harms, H., Wittich, R., Krohn, S., Meyer, H., Sinnwell, V., Wilkes, H. and Francke, W. 1990. Metabolism of Dibenzofuran by Pseudomonas sp. Strain HH69 and the Mixed Culture HH27. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 1148-1156.
Fukuda, K., Nagata, S., Taniguchi, H. 2002. Isolation and Characterization of Dibenzofuran-Degrading Bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 208: 179-185.
Glick, B. R. 2010. Using Soil Bacteria to Facilitate Phytoremediation. Biotechnology Advances. 28(3): 367-374.
Kimura, M. 1980. A Simple Method for Estimating Evolutionary Rate of Base Substitutions Through Comparative Studies of Nucleotide Sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 16: 111-120.
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., and Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 30: 2725-2729.
Foght, J. M., Westlake, D. W. S. 1988. Degradation of Polycyclic Aro-matic Hydrocarbons and Aromatic Heterocycles by a Pseudo-monas Species. Can J Microbiol. 34: 1135-1141.
Strubel, V., Rast, H.G., Fietz, W., Knackmuss, H. J., Engesser, KH. 1989. Enrichment of Dibenzofuran Utilizing Bacteria with High Co-Metabolic Potential Towards Dibenzodioxin and Other Anellated Aromatics. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 58: 233-238.
Strubel, V., Engesser, K. H., Fischer, P., Knackmuss, H. J. 1991. 3-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl) Catechol as Substrate for Proximal Meta Ring Cleavage in Dibenzofuran Degradation by Brevibacterium sp. Strain DPO 1361. J Bacteriol. 173: 1932-1937.
Schmid, A., Rothe, B., Altenbuchner, J., Ludwig, W., Engesser, K. H. 1997. Characterization of Three Distinct Extradiol Dioxygenases Involved in Mineralization of Dibenzofuran by Terrabacter sp. Strain DPO360. J Bacteriol. 172: 53-62.
Fortnagel, P., Harms, H., Wittich, R-M., Krohn, S., Meyer, H., Sinnwell, V., Wilkes, H., Francke, W. 1990. Metabolism of Dibenzofuran by Pseudomonas sp. Strain HH69 and the Mixed Culture HH27. Appl Environ Microbiol. 56: 1148-1156.
Monna, L., Omori, T., Kodama, T. 1993. Microbial Degradation of Dibenzofuran, ¯uorene, and dibenzo- p-dioxin by Staphylococ-cus auriculans DBF63. Appl Environ Microbiol. 59: 285-289.
Raquel, S. R. O., Natalia, G. E. Z., Fer nando, B., Carmen, M., and Eman, S. 2012. Evaluation of the Influence of Multiple Environmental Factors on the Biodegradation of Dibenzofuran, Phenanthrene, and Pyrene by a Bacterial Consortium Using an Orthogonal Experimental Design. Water Air Soil Pollut. 223: 3437-3444.
Saitou, N. and Nei, M. 1987. The Neighbor-Joining Method: A New Method for Reconstructing Phylogenetic Trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 4: 406-425.
Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on Phylogenies: An Approach Using the Bootstrap. Evolution. 39: 783-791.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
