TIME ON TASK FOR COLLABORATIVE AUGMENTED REALITY IN SCIENCE EXPERIMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.6941Keywords:
Augmented Reality, Education, Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, Time-On Task, EngagementAbstract
This paper reports on a study findings on the time participants spend engaged doing task while interacting with Augmented Reality (AR) based system in collaborative learning environment. Engaged time is an important factor in any learning approaches as it is the actual time that participants pay attention and acquire knowledge. In the present study, time-on task and time off task were used to investigate the student level of engagement in learning activities. Data was collected from an observation study using video recording approach. Result showed that participants spend more than ninety percent concentrating on task related activities. Result from a survey questionnaire following the study revealed that participants enjoy group learning using AR as a tool. These findings further indicate that fun learning environment offered by augmented reality technology has the potential to grab learner’s attention and motivate them to stay focus on the learning activities.Â
References
Ohshima, T., Satoh, K., Yamamoto, H., and Tamura, H. 1998. AR 2 Hockey: A case study of collaborative Augmented Reality. Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium. IEEE. 268-275.
Mackay, W. E. 1998. Augmented Reality: Linking Real And Virtual Worlds: A New Paradigm For Interacting With Computers. Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces. 13-21. ACM.
Krauß, M., Riege, K., Winter, M., and Pemberton, L. 2009. Remote hands-On Experience: Distributed Collaboration With Augmented Reality. In Learning in the Synergy of Multiple. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 226-239.
Kesim, M., and Ozarslan, Y. 2012. Augmented Reality in Education: Current Technologies And The Potential For Education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 47: 297-302.
Kerawalla, L., Luckin, R., Seljeflot, S., & Woolard, A. 2006. “Making it realâ€: Exploring The Potential Of Augmented Reality For Teaching Primary School Science. Virtual Reality. 10(3-4): 163-174.
Billinghurst, M. 2003. Augmented Reality in Education. New Horizons In Learning. 9(1).
Dünser, A., Grasset, R., and Billinghurst, M. 2008. A Survey Of Evaluation Techniques Used In Augmented Reality Studies. ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 Courses On-SIGGRAPH Asia '08. September 2008. 1-27.
Lipponen, L. 2002. Exploring Foundations For Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. In Proceedings Of The Conference International Society Of The Learning Science On Computer Support For Collaborative Learning: Foundations For A CSCL Community. 72-81.
Dillenbourg, P., Järvelä, S., and Fischer, F. 2009. The Evolution Of Research On Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. In Technology-Enhanced Learning. Springer Netherlands. 3-19.
Collazos, C. A., Guerrero, L. A., Pino, J. A., Renzi, S., Klobas, J., Ortega, M., & Bravo, C. 2007. Evaluating Collaborative Learning Processes Using System-Based Measurement. Journal of Educational Technology & Society. 10(3): 257-274.
Prinsen, F. R., Volman, M. L. L., Terwel, J., and Van den Eeden, P. 2009. Effects on Participation Of An Experimental CSCL-Programme To Support Elaboration: Do All Students Benefit? Computers & Education. 52(1): 113-125.
Stahl, G., Koschmann, T., and Suthers, D. 2006. Computer-supported Collaborative Learning: An Historical Perspective. Cambridge Handbook Of The Learning Sciences. 409-426.
Dow, S., Mehta, M., Harmon, E., MacIntyre, B., and Mateas, M. 2007. Presence and Engagement In An Interactive Drama. In Proceedings Of The SIGCHI Conference On Human Factors In Computing Systems. ACM. 1475-148.
Greenwood, C. R., Horton, B. T., and Utley, C. A. 2002. Academic Engagement: Current Perspectives On Research And Practice. School Psychology Review. 31(3): 328-349.
Sabourin, J., Rowe, J. P., Mott, B. W., and Lester, J. C. 2011. When Off-Task Is On-Task: The Affective Role Of Off-Task Behavior In Narrative-Centered Learning Environments. In Artificial Intelligence in Education. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 534-536.
Baker, R. S., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. R., and Wagner, A. Z. 2004. Off-task Behavior In The Cognitive Tutor Classroom: When Students Game The System. In Proceedings Of The SIGCHI Conference On Human Factors In Computing Systems. ACM. 383-390.
Kreijns, K., Kirschner, P. A., and Jochems, W. 2003. Identifying The Pitfalls For Social Interaction In Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Environments: A Review Of The Research. Computers In Human Behavior. 19(3): 335-353.
Bryan-Kinns, N., Healey, P. G., and Leach, J. 2007. Exploring Mutual Engagement In Creative Collaborations. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI Conference On Creativity & Cognition. ACM. 223-232.
Beeland, W. D. 2002. Student Engagement, Visual Learning And Technology: Can Interactive Whiteboards Help. In Annual Conference of the Association of Information Technology for Teaching Education. From http://chiron.valdosta.edu/are/Artmanscrpt/vol1no1/beeland_am.pdf.
Hijzen, D., Boekaerts, M., and Vedder, P. 2007. Exploring The Links Between Students' Engagement In Cooperative Learning, Their Goal Preferences And Appraisals Of Instructional Conditions In The Classroom. Learning and Instruction. 17(6): 673-687.
Daggett, W. R. 2008. Preparing US Schools for the 21 st Century. International Center for Leadership in Education. 1-20.
Crook, C. 1996. Computers And The Collaborative Experience Of Learning. Psychology Press.
Piki, A. 2011. Learner Engagement In Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Environments: A Mixed-Methods Study In Postgraduate Education Doctoral dissertation, University of London.
Hawryszkiewycz, I. 2007. An Engagement Model For Learning: Providing A Framework To Identify Technology Services. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects. 3(1): 219-228.
Lee, Y. Y., Sugai, G., and Horner, R. H. 1999. Using An Instructional Intervention To Reduce Problem And Off-Task Behaviors. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions. 1(4): 195-204.
Baker, R. S., D'Mello, S. K., Rodrigo, M. M. T., and Graesser, A. C. 2010. Better To Be Frustrated Than Bored: The Incidence, Persistence, And Impact Of Learners’ Cognitive–Affective States During Interactions With Three Different Computer-Based Learning environments. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 68(4): 223-241.
Junod, R. E. V., DuPaul, G. J., Jitendra, A. K., Volpe, R. J., and Cleary, K. S. 2006. Classroom Observations Of Students With And Without ADHD: Differences Across Types Of Engagement. Journal of School Psychology. 44(2): 87-104.
Oh, S., and Woo, W. 2008. ARGarden: Augmented Edutainment System With A Learning Companion. In Transactions On Edutainment I. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 40-50.
Di Serio, A., Ibáñez, M. B., & Kloos, C. D. 2013. Impact Of An Augmented Reality System On Students' Motivation For A Visual Art Course. Computers & Education. 68: 586-596.
Puckdeepun, T., Jaafar, J. B., Hassan, M. F. B., and Hussin, F. A. B. 2011. Investigation of Collaborative Interaction Using ITB-Based Setting vs. Computer-Based Setting. In Informatics Engineering and Information Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 354-368.
Rahim, M. S. M., Fata, A. Z. A., Basori, A. H., Rosman, A. S., Nizar, T. J., and Yusof, F. W. M. 2011. Development of 3D Tawaf Simulation For Hajj Training Application Using Virtual Environment. In Visual Informatics: Sustaining Research and Innovations. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 67-76.
Kaufmann, H., and Dünser, A. 2007. Summary Of Usability Evaluations Of An Educational Augmented Reality Application. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 660-669.
Tallyn, E., Frohlich, D., Linketscher, N., Signer, B., and Adams, G. 2005. Using Paper To Support Collaboration In Educational Activities. International Society Of The Learning Sciences. On Computer Support For Collaborative Learning: Learning 2005: The Next 10 Years! 672-676.
Kiyokawa, K., Billinghurst, M., Hayes, S. E., Gupta, A., Sannohe, Y., and Kato, H. 2002. Communication Behaviors Of Co-Located Users In Collaborative AR Interfaces. In Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2002. ISMAR 2002. IEEE. 139-148.
Kerawalla, L., Luckin, R., Seljeflot, S., and Woolard, A. 2006. “Making it Realâ€: Exploring The Potential Of Augmented Reality For Teaching Primary School Science. Virtual Reality. 10(3-4): 163-174.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.