MODELING OF THE MINIMIZED TWO-PHASE FLOW FRICTIONAL PRESSURE DROP IN A SMALL TUBE WITH DIFFERENT CORRELATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.9207Keywords:
Two-phase flow, friction factor, pressure drop, optimized conditionsAbstract
The major parameters of interest in heat transfer research are the refrigerant charge, pressure drop, and heat transfer capacity. Smaller channels reduce the refrigerant charge with higher heat transfer capability due to the increased in surface area to volume ratio but at the expense of a higher pressure drop. Differences between the predicted and experimental frictional pressure drop of two-phase flow in small tubes have frequently been discussed. Factors that could have contributed to that effect have been attributed to the correlations used to model the flow, some being modified from the originals developed for a macro system. Experimental test-rigs have varied in channel geometry, refrigerant type, and flow conditions. Thousands of data have been collected to find a common point among the differences. This paper reports an investigation of four different two-phase friction factor correlations used in the modeling of the frictional two-phase flow pressure drop of refrigerant R-22. One had been specifically developed for laminar flow in a smooth channel, another was modified from a laminar flow in a smooth pipe to be used for a rough channel, and two correlations are specific for turbulent flow that consider internal pipe surface roughness. Genetic algorithm, an optimization scheme, is used to search for the minimum friction factor and minimum frictional pressure drop under optimized conditions of the mass flux and vapor quality. The results show that a larger pressure drop does come with a smaller channel. A large discrepancy exists between the correlations investigated; between the ones that does not consider surface roughness and that which does, as well as between flow under laminar and turbulent flow conditions.
References
Kim, S. M. and Mudawar, I. 2013. Universal Approach To Predicting Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop For Mini/Microchannel Saturated Flow Boiling. Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer. 58: 718-734.
Xu, Y., Fang, X., Su, X., Zhou, Z., Chen, W. 2012. Evaluation Of Frictional Pressure Drop Correlations For Two-Phase Flow In Pipes. Nuclear Engineering Design. 253: 86-97.
Halelfadl, S., Adham, A. M., Mohd-Ghazali, N., Maré, T., Estellé, P., Ahmad, R. 2014. Optimization Of The Thermal Performance And Pressure Dropof A Rectangular Microchannel Heat Sink Using Aqueous Carbon Nanotubes Based Nanofluid. Applied Thermal Engineering. 62: 492-499.
Adham, A. M., Mohd-Ghazali N., Ahmad, A. 2015. Performance Optimization Of A Microchannel Heat Sink Using The Improved Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA2). Journal of Engineering Thermophysics. 24: 86-100.
Mohd-Ghazali N., Oh, J. T., Ngunyen, B. C., Choi, K. I., Ahmad, R. 2015. Comparison Of The Optimized Thermal Performance Of Square And Circular Ammonia-Cooled Microchannel Heat Sink With Genetic Algorithm. Energy Conversion And Management. 102: 59-65.
Montreal Protocol, http://ozone.unep.org/en/treaties-and-decisions/montreal-protocol-substances-deplete-ozone-layer. Accessed Jan. 6th, 2015.
Lazarek, G. M. and Black, S. H. 1982. Evaporative Heat Transfer, Pressure Drop And Critical Heat Flux In A Small Diameter Vertical Tube With R-113. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 25: 945-960.
Bowers, M. B., Mudawar, I. 1994. High Flux Boiling In Low Flow Rate, Low Pressure Drop Mini-Channel And Micro-Channel Heat Sinks. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 37: 321-334.
Pamitran, A. S., K. I., Choi, J. T., Oh, Hrnjak, P. 2010. Characteristics of Two-Phase Flow Pattern Transitions And Pressure Drop Of Five Refrigerants In Horizontal Circular Small Tubes. International Journal of Refrigeration. 578-588.
Khovalyg, D. M., Hrnjak, P. S., Jacobi, A. M. 2014. Transient Pressure Drop Correlation Between Parallel Mini-Channels During Flow Boiling Of R134a,. International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 1384.
Pfitzner, J. 1976. Poiseuille And His Law. Anaesthesia 31(2): 273-5.
Sutera, S. P. and Skalak, R. 1993. The History Of Poiseuille's Law. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 25: 1-19.
Haaland, S. E. 1983. Simple And Explicit Formulas For The Friction Factor In Turbulent Flow. Journal Of Fluids Engineering (ASME). 105: 89-90.
Swamee, P. K. and Jain, A. K. 1976. Explicit Equations For Pipe-Flow Problems. Journal of the Hydraulics Division (ACSE). 102: 657-664.
Serghides, T. K. 1984. Estimate Friction Factor Accurately. Chemical Engineering. 91: 63-64.
Blasius, H. 1913. The Law Of Similarity With Friction Processes In Liquids. Communications On Research In The Areas Of Engineering. 131 VDI-Verlag Berlin (In German).
Colebrook, C. F. and White, C. M. 1937. Experiments With Fluid Friction In Roughened Pipes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 161(906): 367-381.
Colebrook, C. F. 1939. Turbulent Flow In Pipes, With Particular Reference To The Transition Region Between The Smooth And Rough Pipe Laws. J. Instn Civ. Engrs. 11: 133-156.
McAdams, W. H. 1942. Vaporization Inside Horizontal Tubes-II-Benzene-Oil Mixtures. Trans. ASME. 66: 671-684.
Laboratory Data for R22, University of Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, taken February 2015.
MATLAB R2014a version (8, 3.0, 532) 64 bit (win64), license number 271828.
Rio, G. L., Sekaran, C., Kandasamy, A. 2010. Improved NSGA-2 Based on a Novel Ranking Scheme. Journal of Computing. 2: 91-95.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
