ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Tinospora crispa (putarwali) STEMS METHANOLIC EXTRACT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.9941Keywords:
Tinospora crispa, antioxidants, antimicrobialAbstract
Apart from being the primary source of food to other living things, plants also have medicinal value to treat various kinds of diseases. In recent years, it has been proposed that the extract from plants may be used as natural antioxidants which can help to prevent the generation of carcinogens in human body. In addition, plants also have antimicrobial agents to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes. This study was intended to investigate the antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Tinospora crispa stems extracted using soxhlet extraction method. The antimicrobial properties of T. crispa stems extract were tested using disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans IMR C S23/11 A and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IMR S 617/068. The antioxidant properties of the extract were investigated by using Total Phenolics Content (TPC), Total Flavonoids Content (TFC), DPPH free radical scavenging and b–carotene bleaching assays. The TPC value was 6.12 g GAE/100 g of dried extract while the TFC value was 55.58 g QE/100 g of dried extract. The IC50 of DPPH scavenging assay for the extract and ascorbic acid were 0.21 and 0.04 mg/mL, respectively. The average percentage of b–carotene bleaching assay was 38.3 % as compared to BHT, which was 45.1%.  The disc diffusion method showed no inhibition zone against all the strains of microorganisms at all concentrations of the extracts (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/disc).Â
References
Ahmad, I., Memood, Z. and Mohammad, F. 1998. Screening of Some Indian Medicinal Plants for Their Antimicrobial Properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 62:183-193.
Cowan, M. M. 1999. Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 12(4): 564-582.
Tiwari, P., Kumar, B. Kaur, G. and Kaur, H. 2011. Phytochemical Screening and Extraction: A Review. International Pharmaceutical Sciencia. 1(1): 98-106.
Cunha, B. A. 2001. Antibiotic Side Effects. Medical Clinics of North America. 85: 149-185.
Tenover, F. C. 2006. Mechanisms Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Bacteria. The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (6): S3-S10.
Shan, B., Cai, Y. Z., Brooks, J. D. and Corke, H. 2007. The In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Dietary Spice and Medicinal Herb Extracts. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 117: 112-119
Mohammed, A. I. C., Manish, G. and Dinesh, C. K. 2012. Antimicrobial Activity of Tinospora Crispa Root Extracts. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy. 3(3): 417-419.
Dweck, A. C. and Cavin, P. 2006. A Review of Andawali (Tinospora crispa). Personal Care Magazine. 7 (1): 1-7.
Haque, A. M., Islam, A. S. M. and Shahriar M. 2011. Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Tinospora crispa. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences.13(12): 1-4.
Almey, A., Khan, A. J., Syed Zahir, I., Mustapha, S. K., ‘Aisyah, M.R. and Kamarul Rahim, K. 2010. Total Phenolic Content and Primary Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic and Ethanolic Extracts of Aromatic Plants’ Leaves. International Food Research Journal.17: 1077-1084.
Chew, K. K., Ng, S. Y., Thoo, Y. Y., Khoo, M. Z., Wan Aida, W. M. and Ho, C. W. 2011. Effect of Ethanol Concentration, Extraction Time and Extraction Temperature on The Recovery of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Centella asiatica Extracts. International Food Research Journal.18: 571-578.
Bhuiyan, M. A. R., Hoque, M. Z. and Hossain, S. J. 2009. Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Zizyphus mauritiana. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 5(3): 318-322.
Ismail, A. and Hong, T. S. 2002. Antioxidant Activity of Selected Commercial Seaweeds. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition. 8(2): 167-177.
Shryock, T. R., Apley, M., Jones, R. N., Lein, D. N., Thornsberry, C., Walker, R. D., Watts, J. L., White, D. G. and Wu, C. C. 2002. NCCLS. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals; Approved Standard—Second Edition. USA: NCCLS.
Bhalodia, N. R. and Shukla, V. J. 2011. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities from Leaf Extract of Cassia Fistula: An Ethnomedical Plant. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 2(2): 104-109.
Zulkefli, H. N., Mohamad, J. and Abidin, N. Z. 2013. Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extract of Tinospora Crispa and Tabernaemontana Corymbosa. Sains Malaysiana. 2(6): 697–706.
Kim, D. O. and Lee, C. Y. 2004. Comprehensive Study on Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (VCEAC) of Various Polyphenolics in Scavenging A Free Radical and Its Structural Relationship. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 44(4): 253–273.
Chang, C. C., Yang, M. H., Wen, H. M. and Chern, J. C. 2002. Estimation of Total Flavonoid Content in Propolis by Two Complementary Colorimetric Methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis.10(3): 178-182.
Wojdylo, A., Oszmianski, J. and Czemerys, R. 2007. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds In 32 Selected Herbs. Food Chemistry.105: 940 – 949.
Jayaprakasha, G. K., Singh, R. P. and Sakariah, K. K. 2001. Antioxidant Activity of Grape Seed (Vitis vinifera) Extracts on Peroxidation Models In Vitro. Food Chemistry. 73: 285-290.
Shahidi, F. 2015. Handbook of Antioxidants for Food Preservation. United kingdom: Woodhead Publishing.
Yim, H. S., Chye, F. Y., Tan, C. T., Ng, Y. C. and Ho, C. W. 2010. Antioxidant Activities and Total Phenolic Content of Aqueous Extract of Pleurotus ostreatus (Cultivated Oyster Mushroom). Malaysian Journal of Nutrition. 16(2): 281 – 291.
Islam, M. A., Amin, M. R. and Al-Mahmud, Z. 2014. Evaluation of Analgesic and Antimicrobial Activity of Different Fractions of Crude Methanol Extract of Tinospora crispa Stem. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review. 5(1): 16-21.
Bobbarala, V. 2012. Antimicrobial Agents. 1st Edition. Croatia: Intech.
Iraqui, P. and Yadav, R. N. S. 2013. Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Leaf and Seed Extracts of Croton tighlium. World Journal Pharmaceutical Research. 2(5): 1501-1511.
Ghannoum, M. A. and Rice, L. B. 1999. Antifungal Agents: Mode of Action, Mechanisms of Resistance, and Correlation of These Mechanisms With Bacterial Resistance. American Society for Microbiology. 12(4): 501-517.
Coyle, M. B. 2005. Manual of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Washington: American Society for Mirobiology.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Teknologi belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
