A Review On Effects of Using Electrochemical Extraction Technique In Corrosion Treatment of Reinforced Concrete
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v13.15637Abstract
Traditional patch repair of concrete suffers from corrosion of the reinforcements
due to the presence of chloride which as penetrated beyond the reinforcement.
Methods based on electrochemical technique either in the form of cathodic
protection or electrochemical chloride extraction have been used to alleviate this
problem. Since electrochemical chloride extraction is a new technique that
adopts higher current density with short duration of treatment, this paper reviews
the possible side effects that might be caused in using this technique. The review
covers possible physical and chemical effects such as steel/concrete bond
strength and alkali-aggregate reaction.
References
ALI, M.G. and RASHEEDUZZAFAR, [1991], `Bonding Problems with the
Cathodic Protection of Steel in Reinforced Concrete Structures-Part 2’,
Corrosion Prevention & Control, 38, 6, pp 155-157.
ANDRADE, C. DIEZ, J.M., ALAMAN, A. And ALONSO, C. [1995],
`Mathematical Modelling of Electrochemical Chloride Extraction from
Concrete’, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol 25, No. 4, pp 727-740.
BENNETT, J.E. & SCHUE, T.J. [1990], `Electrochemical Chloride Removal
from Concrete : A SHRP Contract Status Report’, paper 316, Corrosion
, NACE, USA.
BENNETT, J., TURK, T. and SARINELL, R.F. [1994], `Mathematical Modeling
of the Effect of Current Flow through Concrete’, paper no 285, corrosion
The Annual Conference and Corrosion Show Sponsored by NACE
International.
BERTOLINI, L. [1993], `Effect of Electrochemical Chloride Removal on
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Hardened Cement Paste’, Report
submitted to Aston University.
BERTOLINI, L., YU, S.W., and PAGE, C.L. [1996], `Effect of Electrochemical
Chloride Extraction on Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Hydrated
Cement Paste’, Advanced Cement Research, Vol. 8, pp 93-100.
BUENFELD, N.R. & BROOMFIELD, J.P. [1994], `Effect of Chloride Removal
on Rebar Bond Strength & Concrete Properties’, Corrosion and
Corrosion Protection of Steel in Concrete, ed. R.N. Swamy, Academic
Press, Sheffield, ISBN 1 85075 723 2.
ELSENER, B., MOLINA,M. & BOHNI, H. [1992], `Electrochemical Removal
of Chlorides from Reinforced Concrete’, Int. Conf. Advances in
Corrosion and Protection, UMIST, Manchester, 28 June-3 July 1992.
GREEN, W.K. [1991], `Electrochemical and Chemical Changes in Chloride
Contaminated Reinforced Concrete Following Cathodic Polarisation’,
(unpublished) MSc Dissertation, UMIST, Nov. 1991.
HOOBS, D.W. [1988], `Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete, Thomas Telford
Ltd., London.
KARLSSON, F. [1990], `Kloridutdrivning ur betong.’ Nordisk Betong 4.
LI, L.Y., and PAGE, C.L. [1998]. `Modelling of Electrochemical Chloride
Extraction from Concrete: Influence of Ionic Activity Coefficients,’
Journals of Computational Materials Science, Vol. 9, pp303-308.
LOCKE, C.E., DEHGHANIAN, C. and GIBBS, l. [1983], `Effect of Impressed
Current on Bond Strength between Steel Bar and Concrete’, Corrosion
, paper no 178, NACE, USA.
MILLER, J.B. [1994], `Structural Aspect of High Powered Electro-chemical
Treatment of Reinforced Concrete’. Corrosion and Corrosion Protection
of Steel in Concrete, ed. By Prof. R.N. Swamy, Academic Press,
Sheffield, ISBN 1 85075 723 2.
MOHAMMAD ISMAIL, [1998], `Electrochemical Chloride Extraction to Halt
Corrosion of Reinforcement’, (unpublished) Ph.D Thesis Aston
University , May.
NATESAIYER, K.C. [1990], `The Effect of Electric Current on Alkali Silica
reactivity in Concrete’, PhD Dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York, January.
NUSTAD, G.E. [1992], `Laboratory Investigation of the Effects of
Electrochemical Treatment of Reinforced Concrete on Bond Strength’,
Norwegian Concrete Technologies, Oslo, Norway (Unpublished).
NUSTAD, G.E. and MILLER, J.B. [1993], `Effect of Electrochemical Treatment
on Steel to Concrete Bond Strength,’ Paper no. 49, Engineering
Solutions to Industrial Corrosion Problems, NAC, Sandefjord, Norway,
June.
PAGE, C.L. AND YU, S.W. [1995], `Potential Effects of Electrochemical
Desalination of Concrete on Alkali Silica Reaction’, Magazine of
Concrete Research, 47, 170, Mar, p23-31.
PAGE, C.L. [1992], `Interfacial Effects of Electrochemical Protection Methods
Applied to Steel in Chloride-containing Concrete’, in Rehabilitation of
Concrete Structures, Proc. RILEM Int. Conf. On Rehabilitation of
Concrete Structures, ed. D.W.S Ho & Frank Collins.
PAGE, C.L. [1995(b)], Personal Communication.
PAGE, C.L. [1997(a)], `Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete-Principles
and Applications’, Proceeding International Conference Repair of
Concrete Structures, Ed. Blankvoll A Norwegian Public Road
Administration, Oslo, pp 123-131.
PAGE, C.L. [1998], `Corrosion and its Control in Reinforced Concrete’, The 6th.
Sir Frederick Lea memorial Lecture, Paper presented at 26th. Annual
convention of the Institute of Concrete Technology, 6-8 April, Bosworth
Hall, Market Bosworth, UK.
PAGE, C.L. and TREADAWAY, K.W.J. [1982], `Aspect of the
Electrochemistry of Steel in Concrete’, Nature, 297, May 13.
PAGE, C.L., and VENNESLAND, O [1983], `Pore Solution Composition and
Chloride Binding Capacity of Silica Fume Cement paste’, Materials Et.
Construction, Part 16, pp19-25.
PAGE, C.L., SHORT, N.R. and ELTARRAS, A. [1981], `Diffusion of Chloride
Ions in Hardened Cement Paste’, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol
, No. 3, pp 395-406.
PAGE, C.K., YU, S.W. and BERTOLINI, L. [1994], `Some Potential Side
Effects of Electrochemical Chloride Removal from Reinforced
Concrete’, Proc. UK Corrosion and Eurocorr 94, Vol 3, The Institute of
Materials London, pp 228-238.
PARKER, D. And HAYWARD, D. [1995], `Ioning out Problems’, New Civil
Engineer, January.
POLDER, R.B. [1994], `Electrochemical Chloride Removal from Reinforced
Concrete Prisms Containing Chloride from Sea Water Exposure. UK
Corrosion and Eurocorr 94, 31 Oct. – 3 Nov., Bornermouth, pp 239-248.
The Cameleon Press Ltd. London.
POLDER, R.B. and HONDEL, A.J. VAN DEN. [1992], `Electrochemical
Realkalisation and Chloride Removal of Concrete-State of the Art,
Laboratory and Field Experience’, in Rehabilitation of Concrete
Structures, eds. D.W.S. Ho & F. Collins, Melbourne, Australia, 31
August - 2 September 1992, p135-148.
RASHEEDUZAAFAR, ALI, M.G. and SULAIMANI, G.J. [1993] `Degradation
of Bond between Reinforcing Steel and Concrete due to Cathodic
Protection Current’, ACI Material Journal, 90,1.
SERGI, G, PAGE, C.L. and THOMSON, D.M. [1991], `Electrochemical
Induction of Alkali Silica Reaction in Concrete’, Materials and
Structures, 24, pp359-361.
SERGI, G, and PAGE, C.L. [1992], `The Effect of Cathodic Protection on Alkali
Silica Reaction in Reinforced Concrete’, Contractor Report 310,
Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire, UK,
ISSN 0266-7045.
STOOP, Ben T.J., and POLDER, R.B. [1996], `Redistribution of Chloride after
ECR from Reinforced Concrete Prism’, 4th. International Symposium,
Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete Construction Eds Page,
Bamforth and Figg, SCI, Cambridge, ISBN 0-85404-731-X.
TRITHART, J. [1989(a)], `Chloride Binding in Cement, I : Investigataions to
Determine the Composition of Pore Water in hardened Cement’, Cement
and Concrete Research, Vol. 19, pp 586-594.
TRITHART, J. [1989(b)], `Chloride Binding in Cement, 2 : The Influence of the
Hydroxide concentration in the pore Solution of hardened Cement Paste
on Chloride Binding’, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 19, pp 683-
UEDA. T et al. [1995], `Influence of Desalination on Bond Behaviour between
Concrete and Reinforcing Steel’, CONSEC 95 : International Conference
on Concrete under Severe Conditions.
YU, S.W. and PAGE, C.L. [1996], `Computer Simulation of Ionic Migration
During Electrochemical Chloride Extraction from Hardened Concrete’,
British Corrosion Journal, Vol 31, No. 1, pp 73-75.
