INFILL MATERIALS OF EPOXY GROUT FOR PIPELINE REHABILITATION AND REPAIR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v27.15916Keywords:
Pipeline, epoxy grout, infill materials, deterioration, repair and rehabilitationAbstract
The oil and gas industry uses carbon steel pipelines as the basic element in transporting crude oil and gas. These pipelines are subjected to deterioration due to several factors, including third party damage, material and construction defects, natural forces and corrosion. Deterioration of underground pipelines due to corrosion can lead to serious pipeline failures such as leakage and explosion. Hence, methods to repair such damage have been developed in order to extend the durability of pipelines. This paper reports on the current development of infill materials of epoxy grouts used for pipeline external repair. Assessment of the defects should be completed by pipeline operators to identify list of parameters including pipeline operating characteristic, geometries and materials of pipeline, and configuration and location of pipeline to make the best option of repair techniques. Therefore, selection of an appropriate rehabilitation system is crucial in preventing the future failure of pipeline structure. A simple guideline is required to optimize the information in the selection of suitable materials for pipeline repair works. The selection of suitable materials will help in preventing the future failure of pipeline structures due to inappropriate selection of infill materials.References
ASME International. (2006). ASME PCC-2-2006. Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping. New York, USA: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Central Intelligence Agency. (2013). The World Fact book Field Listing: Pipelines, accessed on 26 October 2013, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the worldfactbook/fields/2117.html.
Duell, J.M., Wilson, J.M., and Kessler, M.R. (2008). Analysis of a Carbon Composite Overwrap Pipeline Repair System. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 85, 782-788.
Francis, R. (1994). Galvanic Corrosion of High Alloy Stainless Steel in Sea Water. British Corrosion Journal. 29(1), 53-57.
Frankel, G.S. (1998). Pitting Corrosion of Metals: A Review of the Critical Factors. J. Electrochem Soc. 145, 2186-2198.
Freire, J.L.F., Vieira, R.D., Diniz, J.L.C., and Meniconi, L.C. (2007). Effectiveness of Composite Repairs Applied to Damaged Pipeline. Experimental Techniques., September/October, 59-66.
Haider, M., Hubert, P., and Lessard, L. (2007). Cure Shrinkage Characterization and Modelling of a Polyester Resin Containing Low Profile Additives. Compos. A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 38,994-1009.
ISO. (2006). ISO/TS 2481. Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries – Composite Repairs of Pipework – Qualification and Design, Installation, Testing and Inspection. Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization.
Li, C., Potter, K., Wisnom, M.R., and Stringer, G. (2004). In-situ Measurement of Chemical Shrinkage of MY750 Epoxy Resin by a Novel Gravimetric Method. Compos. Sci. Technol. 64, 55-64.
Ma, W.F., Luo, J.H., and Cai, K. (2011). Discussion about Application of Composite Repair Technique in Pipeline Engineering. Advanced Materials Research. 311-313, 185-188.
Mattos, H.S.d.C., Reis, J.M.L., Sampaio, R.F., and Perrut, V. (2009). An Alternative Methodology to Repair Localized Corrosion Damage in Metallic Pipelines with Epoxy Resins. Materials and Design.30, 3581-3591.
Mendis P. (1985). Commercial Applications and Property Requirements for Epoxies in Construction, SP. ACI Special, 127-40.
Narayanan S.P. & Sohaimi A.F.A (2013), Ultimate Strength Assessment for Fixed Steel Offshore Platform, Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering, 25 (2), pp.128-153
Noor N.M., Yahaya N. and Othman S.R. (2008), The effect of extreme corrosion defect on pipeline remaining life-time, Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering, 20 (1), pp. 47-57
Noor N.M., Yahaya N., Ozman N.A.N and Othman S.R. (2010) The forecasting residual life of corroding pipeline based on semi-probabilistic method, UNIMAS e-Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.1, pp.246-263
Shamsuddoha, M., Islam, M.M., Aravinthan, T., Manalo, A., and Lau, K.T. (2013a). Effectiveness of Using Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Underwater Steel Pipeline Repairs. Compos. Struct., 100,40-54.
Shamsuddoha, M., Islam, M.M., Aravinthan, T., Manalo, A., and Lau, K.T. (2013b). Characterization of mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy grouts for composite repair of steel pipelines. Material and Design, 52,315-327.
Sirimannaa, C.S., Lokugeb, W., Islamc, M.M., and Aravinthand, T. (2012). Compressive Strength Characterization of Polyester Based Fillers. Advanced Materials Research. 410, 32-35.
Thandavamoorthy, T.S., Madhava Rao, A.G., and Santhakumar, A.R. (2001). Development of a fly ash and epoxy based high-performance grout for the repair of offshore platforms, vol.
ACI Special Publication.
Vu, D., Glennie, A. and Booth, P. (2011). Pipeline Repairs and Hot Tapping Technologies Using Epoxy Based Grouted Technology. 6
th International Offshore Pipeline Forum, 19-20.
Yahaya N., Lim K.S, Noor N.M.., Othman S.R. and Abdullah A. (2011), Effect of clay and moisture content on soil corrosion dnamic, Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 23 (1),pp. 24-32