EFFECTS OF SNAIL SHELL ASH ON LIME STABILIZED LATERITIC SOIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v30.16027Keywords:
CAP, Functional elements, Function symbols, Handling equipment, Handling flowchart, Handling functions, Handling sequence, Handling symbols, VDI 2860, Atterberg limit, lateritic soil, lime, snail shell ash, soil stabilizationAbstract
As a result of increase in population and socioeconomic activities, the rate of production of wastes over the years has been on the rise. A major approach towards managing these wastes is to consider the possibility of waste recycle and minimization. This study assesses the effects of Snail Shell Ash (SSA), a product of snail shell-which itself is a waste product, on lime stabilized lateritic soil. Preliminary tests such as; specific gravity, Atterberg limits and particle size distribution tests were carried out on natural soil sample, for the purposes of identification and classification. The soil sample based on AASHTO classification was classified as A-7-5. Hydrated lime was added to the soil sample at varying proportions of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% by weight of soil, thereafter, each of the mixes was subjected to Atterberg limits tests to get the optimal amount of lime required, which was 10% lime because it was at this amount of lime that the least value of plasticity index was gotten. The Snail Shell Ash was later added to the lime-treated lateritic soil at proportions of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%. Each of the mixes was subjected to compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR), Atterberg limits and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. Results from these tests showed improvement in soil properties, also, the values of the CBR and UCS increased considerably. At soil natural states, CBR values of 9.5% and 5.5% increased to 67.20% and 53.60% at 6% SSA at unsoaked and soaked states respectively. Also, UCS value of 190 kN/m2 at soil natural increased to 380kN/m2 at 6% SSA. It can be concluded that the SSA performs satisfactorily as a cheap complement for lime in stabilizing lateritic soil.References
Amu, O. O. and Babajide, S. S. (2011a). Effects of Bamboo Leaf Ash on Lime Stabilized Lateritic Soil for Highway Construction. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 3(4): 278-283.
Amu, O.O., Fajobi, A. B. and Oke, B. O. (2005). Effect of Eggshell Powder on the Stabilizing Potential of Lime on an Expansive Clay Soil. Journal of Applied Sciences, 5 (8): 1474-1478.
Amu, O. O. And Babajide, S. S. (2011b). Effects of Bamboo Leaf Ash on Lime Stabilized Lateritic Soil for Highway Construction. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 3(4): 278-283.
ASTM C618-93 Specification (1992). Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete. Washington, D.C.
ASTM C1097-13 (2013). Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Use in Asphalt Cement or Bituminous Paving Mixtures, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
Basha, E. A., Hashim, R., Mahmud, H. B. and Muntohar, A. S. (2005). Stabilization of Residual Soil with Rice Husk Ash and Cement. Construction and Building Materials. 19. 448-453.
Bello, A. A., Ige, J. A. and Ayodele, H. (2015). Stabilization of Lateritic Soil with Cassava Peels Ash. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology 7(6): 642-650. Article no BJAST,180
British Standards (BS) 1377. (1990a). Methods of Tests for Soils for Civil Engineering Properties. London: British Standards Institution, London, U. K. 143.
British Standards (BS) 1377. (1990b). Methods of Tests for Soils for Civil Engineering Properties. London: British Standards Institution, London, U. K. 143.
British Standards (BS) 1924. (1990a). Methods of Test for Stabilized Soils. British Standards Institutions. London, U. K.
British Standards (BS) 1924. (1990b). Methods of Test for Stabilized Soils. British Standards Institutions. London, U. K.
British Standards (BS) 1924. (1990c). Methods of Test for Stabilized Soils. British Standards Institutions. London, U. K.
Chmeisse, C. (1992). Soil Stabilization Using some Pozzolanic Industrial and Agricultural Products. Ph. D Thesis, Department of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Wollongong.
Das, B. M. (2000). Fundamental of Geotechnical Engineering Brooks/ U K .
Fattah, M. Y., Rahil, F. H., and Al-Soudany, K. Y. H. (2013). Improvement of Clayey Soil Characteristics Using Rice Husk Ash. Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism. vol. 3, Issue 1: 12-18.
Federal Ministry of Works and Housing (FMWH). (1997a). General Specifications for Roads and Bridges. Volume II. Federal Highway Department, Lagos, Nigeria.
Federal Ministry of Works and Housing (FMWH). (1997b). General Specifications for Roads and Bridges. Volume II. Federal Highway Department, Lagos, Nigeria.
Federal Ministry of Works and Housing (FMWH). (1997c). General Specifications for Roads and Bridges. Volume II. Federal Highway Department, Lagos, Nigeria.
Garber, N. J., and Hoel, L. A. (2009a). Traffic and Highway Engineering, 4th Edition, CENGAGE Learning, Canada.
Garber, N. J., and Hoel, L. A. (2009b). Traffic and Highway Engineering, 4th Edition, CENGAGE Learning, Canada.
Iorliam, A.Y., Agbede, I.O. and Joel, M. (2012). Effect of Bamboo Leaf Ash on Cement Stabilization of Flexible Pavement Construction Material. American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research.
Iorliam, A.Y., Okwu, P. and Ukya, T.J. (2013). Geotechnical Properties of Makurdi Shale Treated with Bamboo Leaf Ash. AU J.T. 16(3): 174-180.
Joel, M. (2010). A Review of Partial Replacement of Cement with Agro-Wastes. Nigerian Journal of Technology, vol. 29, No. 2.
Joel, M., and Edeh, J. E. (2015). Comparative Analysis of Cement and Lime Modification of Ikpayongo Laterites for Effective and Economic Stabilization. Journals of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS), 6(1): 49-56.
Kang, X., Ge, L., Kang, G. and Mathews, C. (2015). Laboratory Investigation of the Strength, Stiffness and Thermal Conductivity of Fly Ash and Lime Kiln Dust Stabilized Clay Subgrade Materials. Road Materials and Pavement. Pp 1-18.
Lambe, T.W. and Whiteman, V.R. (1979). Soil Mechanics, SI Version. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Liu, C. and Evett, J. (2003). Soil and Foundation, 6th ed. Prentice Hall, USA
Makusa, G.P. (2012). Soil stabilization methods and materials. Doctoral thesis, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden. Retrieved from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:997094/FULLTEXT01. Pdf
Neville, A. M. (2000). Properties of Concrete. 4th ed. (low-priced). Pearson Education Asia Publ., England, Produced by Longman Malaysia.
Ogunribido, T.H.T. (2011a). Potential of Sugar Cane Straw Ash for Lateritic Soil Stabilization in Road Construction. International Journal of Science Emerging Technology. May 2011.
Ogunribido, T.H.T. (2011b). Potential of Sugar Cane Straw Ash for Lateritic Soil Stabilization in Road Construction. International Journal of Science Emerging Technology. May 2011.
Okafor, F.O., and Okonkwo, U.N. (2009). Effects of Rice Husk Ash on Some Geotechnical Properties of Lateritic Soil. Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies. Issue 15, July- December, 2009. 61-74.
Ola, S. A. (1983). Geotechnical Properties and Behaviour of some Nigerian Lateritic Soils. Tropical Soils of Nigeria in Engineering Practice. A. A. Balkema // Rotterdam. 61-84.
Oluremi, J. R., Adedokun, S. I. and Osuolale, O. M. (2012). Stabilization of Poor Lateritic Soils with Coconut Husk Ash. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), vol. 1, Issue 8.
Olutoge, F. A., Okeyinka, O.M., and Olaniyan, O. S., (2012). Assesment of the suitability of periwinkle shell ash (PSA) as Partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete. International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences (IJRRAS), 10 (3).
Oriola, F. And Moses, G. (2010). Groundnut Shell Ash Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 15, 415-428.
Osinubi, K. (1995). Lime Modification of Black Cotton Soil. Spectrum Journal, 2(1), 112-122.
Osinubi, K. J. (2000). Laboratory Trial of Soil Stabilization of Nigerian Black Cotton Soils. Nigerian Society of Engineers Technical Transactions, 35 (4), 13-21.
Oyediran, A.I., and Kalejaiye, M. (2011). Effect of Increasing Cement Content on Strength and Compaction Parameters of Some Lateritic Soil in Southwestern Nigeria. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (EJGE), vol. 16. 1504.
Oyediran, I. A. and Okosun, J. (2013). An Attempt to Improve Geotechnical Properties of Some Highway Lateritic Soils with Lime. RMZ-M&G, vol. 60. Pp. 287-296.
Salahudeen, A. B. and Ochepo, J. (2015). Effect of Bagasse Ash on Some Engineering Properties of Lateritic Soil. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 9, No. 4. Pp. 468-476.
Zaid, S. T., and Ghorpade, V. G. (2014a). Experimental Investigation of Snail Shell Ash as Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement in Concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT) Vol. 3 Issue 10.
Zaid, S. T., and Ghorpade, V. G. (2014b). Experimental Investigation of Snail Shell Ash as Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement in Concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT) Vol. 3 Issue 10.
