HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDES EVENTS IN MALAYSIA: IMPACT ON PHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v37.23280Keywords:
Landslide , Slope failure, Rainfall, Environmental impactAbstract
Any earthly substance, including rock, soil, artificial fill, or debris, moving in large quantities down a slope is called a landslide. They may occur quickly or gradually over an extended length of time. A landslide occurs when the force of gravity exerted on a slope surpasses the forces that prevent it from failing. Malaysia is a tropical nation that receives a lot of rainfall and rich residual soil. Numerous landslide incidents that happened during Malaysia's rainy season are publicized in the media, and some landslides repeat themselves in the same spot over time. The aim of this research is to examine the past landslide incidents that occurred in Malaysia from 1961 to 2023 and their effects on the country's physical and socioeconomic circumstances. Data on past landslides were gathered from local news sources, earlier studies, and reports from local government agencies. There have been a significant number of fatalities, property damage, and both direct and indirect economic ramifications from the landslide tragedy. To reduce adverse environmental effects, it is advised that any development on high land areas be subject to additional restrictions. Additionally, during the planning and management phase, the public should be made aware of the risks associated with landslides. When designing, analyzing, and planning a development in a hilly area, susceptibility evaluations may also offer significant insights.
References
Abd Majid N., Taha M.R., Selamat S.N. 2020. Historical landslide events in Malaysia 1993-2019. Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 13(33): 3387-3399.
Akib W.M. and Aziz W.A. 2007. Investigation the risk of landslide on the hillside residential area using continuously monitoring approach. In: Joint International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation and International Symposium and Exhibition on Gps/Gnss, Johor, Malaysia, 5-7 November 2007
Arif. 2019. Most likely cause of fatal Penang landslide identified. The Malay Mail Online, Jun 10, 2015
Azmi A. S. M., Salleh W. A. R. W. M., and Nawawi A. H. 2013. Cognitive Behaviour of Residents Toward Living in Landslide Prone Area: Ulu Klang. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 101: 379-393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.212
Azuwa, S. B., & Yahaya, F. B. M. 2023. Case study of block 1, highland towers condominium collapsed in taman hillview, ulu klang, selangor, Malaysia on 11th december 1993. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 85, 86-103.
BBC. 2011. Malaysian landslide buries orphanage children. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-13482874 Retrieved On 8/3/2024.
Bray, J.D., Travasarou, T. 2007. Simplified procedure for estimating earthquake-induced deviatoric slope displacements, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,.133(4): 381–392, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2007)133:4(381).
Bryson, L. S., Crawford, M. M., & Dashbold, B. 2022. Landslide Hazard and Susceptibility Maps Derived from Satellite and Remote Sensing Data Using Limit Equilibrium Analysis and Machine Learning Model Batmyagmar Dashbold Stantec (United States) Landslide Hazard and Susceptibility Maps Derived from Satellite and Remote Sensing 1 Data Using Limit Equilibrium Analysis and Machine Learning Model 2.
Chan J. 2015. All earthquake victims accounted for; Sabah cops confirm. The Malay Mail Online, Jun 10, 2015
Chigira M., Mohamad Z., Sian L.C. and Komoo I. 2011. Landslides in weathered granitic rocks in Japan and Malaysia. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, 57, 1-6.
Chow, W.S., Ali, F., Wong, P., and Ibrahim, R. 1996. "Impact of Heavy Rainfall on Infrastructure: A Case Study of the Karak Highway Tunnel Flooding Incident on June 30, 1995." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Geotechnics, 12(4): 255-262.
Cruden D M and Varnes D J. 1996. Landslide types and processes Landslides: Investigation and Mitigation (Transportation Research Board Special Report 247) ed A K Turner and R L Schuster. 3: 67–71. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
Danish K., Sadaf Q. and Harahap I.S.H. 2017. Evaluation of the causes of Bukit Antarabangsa 2008 landslide by using fault tree analysis. MATEC Web of Conferences 138: 04009. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201713804009
Danish Kazmi, Sadaf Qasim, I.S.H Harahap, Syed Baharom, Muhammad Imran, Sadia Moin. 2016. A Study on the Contributing Factors of Major Landslides in Malaysia. Civil Engineering Journal 2(12): : 669-678.
Engdahl E, Villasenor A. 2002. Global seismicity: 1900–1999, international handbook of earthquake and engineering seismology 81A. Elsevier Science Ltd, Amsterdam
Faisal Asyraf, Farhana Syed Nokman. 2016. Landslide area declared Red Zone, 340 Taman Idaman residents ordered to vacate homes. New Strait Times, November 2016
Faisal, A. 2000. "Analysis of Large-Scale Landslides: Case Studies from Wangsa and The Peak Condominiums." Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 22(3): 215-227.
Gue S.S. and Liong C.H. 2007. Is the ground in Ulu Klang unstable? Jurutera. 32-33
Haliza & Jabil. 2017. Landslides Disaster in Malaysia: an Overview. Health and the Environment Journal, 8(1): 58-71.
Hashom Mohd Hakim, Siti Norsakinah Selamat, Nuriah Abd Majid, Nur Syahmina Rasudin, Mahaya Abdul Rahman, Siti Afifah Ismail, Hisham Atan Edinur. 2023. Landslide at Father’s Organic Farm: DVI and the Health Indicators During Monsoons. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 19(SUPP10): 250-254 (eISSN 2636-9346)
Hussin, H., Ghani, S. A. A., Jamaluddin, T. A., & Razab, M. K. A. A. 2015. Tanah runtuh di Malaysia: “Geobencana” atau “geobahaya.” Jurnal Teknologi, 77(1): 229–235.
Kazmi, Danish & Qasim, Sadaf & Harahap, Indra & Baharom, Syed & Imran, Muhammad & Moin, Sadia. 2017. A Study on the Contributing Factors of Major Landslides in Malaysia. Civil Engineering Journal. 2(12): 669 - 678.
Khalil, Natasha & Husin, Husrul & Mahat, Noorsaidi & Nasir, N. 2011. Sustainable Environment: Issues and Solutions from the Perspective of Facility Managers. Procedia Engineering. 20: 458-465. 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.188.
Komoo I., Singh M. and Othman M.A. 2004. Bukit Lanjan rock slope failure: causal factors and lessons learned. Malaysian Road Conference, 6th, 2004, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 30: 11.
Komoo, I. 1997. "Landslips and Debris Flows: The Impact on Vehicle Safety and Mortality Rates." Journal of Geohazard Studies, 15(3): 178-185
Kumpulan Ikram Sdn Bhd. 1999. "Factors Contributing to Slope Failures Adjacent to High Rise Buildings: A Case Study." Journal of Geotechnical Risk and Slope Stability Engineering, 14(2): 189-202
Lari S, Frattini P and Crosta G B. 2014 A probabilistic approach for landslide hazard analysis. Engineering Geology 182: 3–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.07.015
Lim P, Godwin P. 1992. The Ranau Earthquake Swarm, May–July, 1991, Sabah
Mahmud, A., & Baba, M. 2002. "Impact of Landslides on Infrastructure and Safety: A Case Study of Bukit Antarabangsa." Journal of Geotechnical and Environmental Engineering, 18(4): 312-321.
Mokhtar W. 2006. Storm water management practices for hillside development in Malaysia. Proceeding Paper of International Conference on Slopes, Malaysia; 6th–9th August 2006.2006.
Nadirah. 2020, Jalan Raub-Bukit Fraser closed due to rockslide, The Star, December 22
Nadirah. 2020. Two dead after landslide strikes luxury resort in Perak, The Straits Times December 2021
Nasir, N., & Abdul Khanan, M. F. 2018. Assimilating Geospatial Metamodel and Inventory Mapping for Non-Structural Mitigation of Landslides. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor.
Oldrich Hungr, Serge Leroueil, Luciano Picarelli .2013. The Varnes classification of landslide types, an update. Article in Landslides April 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s10346-013-0436-y
Othman, M. 1996. "Rainfall Analysis and Its Impact on Debris Flows: A Case Study of the Genting Sempah Area in June 1995." Journal of Hydrological Hazards and Environmental Monitoring, 10(2): 145-158.
Qasim S., Harahap I.S.H. and Osman S.B.S. 2013. Causal Factors of Malaysian Landslides: A Narrative Study. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5(7): 2303-2308
Rahman, Haliza & Mapjabil, Jabil. 2017. Landslides Disaster in Malaysia: an Overview. Health and the Environment Journal. 8: 58-71.
Rahman, W. (n.d.)., Ali Gul, F., & Rezwanul Islam, M. 2017. "Highland Towers Collapsed", The Tragic Story of Malaysia!
Raya, J.K., 2009. National Slope Master Plan Sectoral Report Research and Development, Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia.
Roslee, R., Felix T. & Norbert S. 2018. A Comparative Evaluation of Normal Polygon Geotechnical Deterministic Analysis (NPGDA) and GEOStatistical INterpolation Techniques (Kriging) (GEOSTAINT-K): A Case Study From Kota Kinabalu Area, Sabah, Malaysia. ASM Science Journal, 11(Special Issue): 1-18.
Sardi, M. F., Yusof, A., Razak, K., Dziyauddin, R., Othman, S., & Zulkaple, M. 2021. ICT Based Landslide Disaster Simulation Drill: Road to Achieve 2030 Global Commitment. 583-589.
Shen. 2019. Landslide strikes Genting Highlands, road cut off. Today Online, November 6, 2019.
Simons WJF, Socquet A, Vigny C, Ambrosius BAC, Haji Abu S, Promthong C, Subarya C, Sarsito DA, Matheussen S, Morgan P, Spakman W. 2007. A decade of GPS in Southeast Asia: resolving Sundaland motion and boundaries. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112(B6): B06420.
Suhaimi Jamaludin, Ahmad Nadzri Hussein. 2006. Landslide hazard and risk assessment: The Malaysian experience. The Geological Society of London (IAEG2006). 455
Suzuki, K., Ito, E., & Chigira, M. 2002. Loosening process of surface area in weathered granite and infiltration of rainwater to excavated slope – evaluation using geophysical exploration and observed field data. Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology, 43: 270-283.
Tharshini Murthy, Izham Mohamad Yusoff, Siti Hamsah Samsudin, Taksiah A Majid, Ismail Ahmad Abir, Chan Huah Yong, Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail .2023. Geographical Information System (GIS)-Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Malaysia: A Review of Past, Current and Future Trends. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 12(3): 10-15
The Star. 2011. Human activities blamed for Hulu Langat landslide that killed 16. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2011/07/11/human activities blamed-for-hulu-langat-landslide-that-killed-16. retrieved on 8/3/2024
Varnes, D.J. 1978. Slope movement types and processes. Transportation Research Board Special Report. 176.
Wang, Yu & Wei, Shengji & Wang, Xin & Lindsey, Eric & Tongkul, Felix & Tapponnier, P. & Bradley, Kyle & Chan, Chung-Han & Hill, Emma & Sieh, Kerry. 2017. The 2015 M w 6.0 Mt. Kinabalu earthquake: an infrequent fault rupture within the Crocker fault system of East Malaysia. Geoscience Letters. 4. DOI: 10.1186/s40562-017-0072-9.
Wong, C.L., Liew, J., Yusop, Z., Ismail, T., Venneker,R. & Uhlenbrook, S. 2016. Rainfall characteristics and regionalization in Peninsular Malaysia based on a high resolution gridded data set. Water 8(11): 500-516.
Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Hu W, Chen M, Hu Q, Liu X, Zhu X. 2024. A case study on soil slope landslide failure and parameter analysis of influencing factors for safety factor based on strength reduction method and orthogonal experimental design. PLoS One. May 15;19(5): e0300586. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300586. PMID: 38748718; PMCID: PMC1109568.
