THE ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AFFECTING SUSTAINABLE GREEN BUILDINGS (SGBS) IN JORDAN THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT'S LIFE CYCLE STAGES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/aej.v13.18553Keywords:
Economic challenges, Green buildings, Life cycle, Sustainable green buildings, Project management, Budget and costsAbstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the major economic challenges concerning budgets and costs associated with sustainable green buildings (SGBs) in Jordan over their life cycle. This research is significant because it will add to the literature in this area and give interested parties a glimpse into the current state of economic issues facing SGBs in Jordan and affect the adoption of this building technology there. Based on a thorough review of the literature, data was gathered using a qualitative technique based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 32 professionals of SGBs in Jordan. According to the findings of this study, the main economic challenge in the design stage is the "High initial cost,” the main economic challenge in the construction stage is “Budget and cost of materials, working techniques, and labor,” the most significant economic challenge in the operational stage is “Long-term cost recovery,” and the main economic challenge in the maintenance stage is “Budget and cost challenges.” Despite the importance of this research in terms of adding to the current body of knowledge by examining the economic challenge of SGBs in Jordan as a developing country during the life cycle stages, the findings are based on qualitative data collected from highly experienced specialists in this sector. Therefore, a quantitative data collection using various evaluation approaches is recommended for further research.
References
Llatas, C., Soust-Verdaguer, B., and Passer, A. 2020. Implementing Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment during design stages in Building Information Modelling: From systematic literature review to a methodological approach. Building and Environment. 182: 107164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107164
Alawneh, R., Ghazali, F.E.M., Ali, H., and Asif, M. 2018. Assessing the contribution of water and energy efficiency in green buildings to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in Jordan. Building and Environment. 146: 119-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.09.043
Tewfik, M. and Ali, M.M. 2014 “Public Green Buildings in Jordan.” European International Journal of Science and Technology. 3 (7): 284–300.
Robichaud, L.B. and Anantatmula, V.S. 2011. Greening Project Management Practices for Sustainable Construction. Journal of Management in Engineering. 27(1): 48-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000030
Wu, W., & Issa, R. R. 2015. BIM execution planning in green building projects: LEED as a use case. Journal of Management in Engineering. 31(1): A4014007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000314
El-Aby, M.F. 2014. Towards a green building: Opportunities and challenges in Lebanon. Advanced Materials Research. 935: 27-33.DOI:https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.935.27
Shen, W., Tang, W., Siripanan, A., Lei, Z., Duffield, C.F., and Peng Hui, F.K. 2018. Understanding the green technical capabilities and barriers to green buildings in developing countries: A case study of Thailand. Sustainability. 10 (10): 3585. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103585
Ali, H.H. and Al Nsairat, S.F. 2009. Developing a green building assessment tool for developing countries - Case of Jordan. Building and Environment. 44 (5): 1053-1064. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.07.015
[9] Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Gao, W., Wang, F., Zhou, N., Kammen, D.M., et al. 2019 A survey of the status and challenges of green building development in various countries. Sustainability. 11 (19): 1-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195385
Dwaikat, L.N. and Ali, K.N. 2016. Green buildings cost premium: A review of empirical evidence. Energy and Buildings. 110: 396-403. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.021
Nazemi, H., Misaghi, F., and Ghahremanzadeh, A. 2021.The effects of different materials of green roofing on the quantity and quality of stored and drainage water by using simulated rainfall setup. Advances in Environmental Technology. 7(1): 29-36. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2021.4662.1271
Busch, T., Bauer, R., and Orlitzky, M. 2016. Sustainable development and financial markets: Old paths and new avenues. Business & Society. 55 (3): 303-329. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650315570701
Tuan, P.A. 2018. Wind energy development in Japan and Vietnam. ASEAN Engineering Journal. 8 (2): 16-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/aej.v8.15500
Lowe, D., & Proverbs, D. 2003. Economic Challenge of Sustainable Construction. RICS Construction and Building Research Conference. 113-126. RICS Foundation.
Weerasinghe, A. S., Ramachandra, T., & Thurairajah, N. 2017. Life cycle cost analysis: Green vs conventional buildings in Sri Lanka. Proceeding of the 33rd Annual ARCOM Conference. 4: 6
Khan, J.S., Zakaria, R., Aminuddin, E., Abidin, N.I., Sahamir, S.R., Ahmad, R., et al. 2018. Web-based automation of green building rating index and life cycle cost analysis. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 143 (1): 012062. Doi :10.1088/1755-1315/143/1/012062
Alawneh, R., Ghazali, F., Ali, H., and Sadullah, A.F. 2019. A Novel framework for integrating United Nations Sustainable Development Goals into sustainable non-residential building assessment and management in Jordan. Sustainable Cities and Society. 49: 101612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101612
Awadallah, T., Habet, S., Mahasneh, A., & Adas, H. 2011. Green building guideline of jordan. Green Building. 20(6).
Alkhalidi, A. and Aljolani, O. 2020. Do green buildings provide benefits to the residential sector in Jordan? Yes, but…. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies. 15 (3): 319-327. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctz080
Chan, A.P.C., Darko, A., Olanipekun, A.O., and Ameyaw, E.E. 2018. Critical barriers to green building technologies adoption in developing countries: The case of Ghana. Journal of Cleaner Production. 172: 1067-1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.235
Zakaria, S.A.S., Brewer, G., and Gajendran, T. 2011.Understanding decision making: future direction for Industrialised Building System adoption in the Malaysian construction industry. (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Newcastle).
Samari, M., Godrati, N., Esmaeilifar, R., Olfat, P., and Shafiei, M.W.M. 2013. The investigation of the barriers in developing green building in Malaysia. Modern Applied Science. 7 (2):1–10. Doi:10.5539/mas.v7n2p1
Aktas, B. and Ozorhon, B. 2015. Green building certification process of existing buildings in developing countries: cases from Turkey. Journal of Management in Engineering. 31 (6): 5015002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000358
Chan, A.P.C., Darko, A., Ameyaw, E.E., and Owusu-Manu, D.-G. 2017. Barriers affecting the adoption of green building technologies. Journal of Management in Engineering. 33 (3): 4016057. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000507
Zakaria, S.A.S. 2018. BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS FACTORS IN THE DECISION-MAKING OF GREEN BUILDING TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE GOVERNANCE. BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS: 67.
Dicker, M.P.M., Duckworth, P.F.,Baker, A.B., Francois, G.,Hazzard, M.K., and Weaver, P.M. 2014. Green composites: A review of material attributes and complementary applications. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 56: 280-289. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.10. 014
Hesarian, M.S. and Tavoosi, J. 2019. Green technology used in finishing process study of wrinkled cotton fabric by radial basis function (Experimental and modeling analysis). Advances in Environmental Technology. 5(1): 35-45. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.22104/AET.2019.3730.1183
Raouf, A.M. and Al-Ghamdi, S.G. 2019. Effectiveness of project delivery systems in executing green buildings. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 145 (10): 3119005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001688
Yu, T., Shen, G.Q., and Shi, Q. 2017. Comparing the performance quality of design-bid-build and design-build delivery methods. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 143(4): 4016111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001262
Hwang, B.G. and Tan, J.S. 2012. Green building project management: Obstacles and solutions for sustainable development. Sustainable Development. 20 (5): 335-349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.492
Raouf, A.M. and Al-Ghamdi, S.G. 2019. Effectiveness of Project Delivery Systems in Executing Green Buildings. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 145 (10): 03119005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001688
Riley, D., Sanvido, V., Horman, M., McLaughlin, M., & Kerr, D. 2005. Lean and green: The role of design-build mechanical competencies in the design and construction of green buildings. In Construction Research Congress 2005: Broadening Perspectives. 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/40754(183)23
Ginzburg, A. 2016. Sustainable Building Life Cycle Design. MATEC Web of Conferences. 73: 1-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20167302018
Attaianese, E. 2014. Human Factors in Design of Sustainable Buildings. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE): 392-403
Mohajeri, A., Najafizadeh, S.A., and Sarlak, A. 2020. Relationship between co2 and iran’s economic growth with an emphasis on household welfare index (An economy with oil and economy without oil). Advances in Environmental Technology. 6 (2):119-130. DOI: 10.22104/AET.2021.4600.1264
Nelms, C., Russell, A.D., and Lence, B.J. 2005 Assessing the performance of sustainable technologies for building projects. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 32(1): 114-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/l04-102
Geng, Y., Ji, W., Wang, Z., Lin, B., and Zhu, Y. 2019. A review of operating performance in green buildings: Energy use, indoor environmental quality and occupant satisfaction. Energy and Buildings. 183: 500-514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.11.017
Frank, O.L., Omer, S.A., Riffat, S.B., and Mempouo, B. 2015. The indispensability of good operation & maintenance (O&M) manuals in the operation and maintenance of low carbon buildings. Sustainable Cities and Society. 14(1): e1-e9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2014.06.002
Dewlaney, K.S., Hallowell, M.R., and Fortunato III, B.R. 2012. Safety risk quantification for high performance sustainable building construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 138(8): 964-971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000504
Akadiri, P.O., Chinyio, E.A., and Olomolaiye, P.O. 2012. Design of a sustainable building: A conceptual framework for implementing sustainability in the building sector. Buildings. 2 (2): 126-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings2020126
Ping, L.Z. and Chen, C.H. 2016. A Study to Compare the Cost of Operation and Maintenance in Green Building Index (GBI) and Non-Green Building Index (Non-GBI) Rated Building in Malaysia. MATEC Web of Conferences. 66: 00028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166600028
Dwaikat, L.N. and Ali, K.N. 2018. Green buildings life cycle cost analysis and life cycle budget development: Practical applications. Journal of Building Engineering. 18: 303-311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.03.015
Aldairi, J., Khan, M.K., and Munive-Hernandez, J.E. 2017. Knowledge-based Lean Six Sigma maintenance system for sustainable buildings. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma. 8 (1): 109-130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-09-2015-0035
Mishra, R.C. and Pathak, K. 2012. Maintenance engineering and management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., .
Yee, H. C., Ismail, R., & Jing, K. T. 2020. The Barriers of Implementing Green Building in Penang Construction Industry. Progress in Energy and Environment. 12:1-10. DOI: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-1301
Ali, A.S., Kamaruzzaman, S.N., Sulaiman, R., and Cheong Peng, Y. 2010. Factors affecting housing maintenance cost in Malaysia. Journal of Facilities Management. 8(4): 285-298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14725961011078990
Sullivan, G.P., Pugh, R., Melendez, A.P., and Hunt, W.D. 2010. Operations & Maintenance Best Practices: A Guide to Achieving Operational Efficiency. Federal Energy Management Program. 321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2172/1034595
Lewis, A., Riley, D., and Elmualim, A. 2010. Defining High Performance Buildings for Operations and Maintenance. International Journal of Facility Management. 1(2): 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2016.06.004
Kazemi, S. 2013. Proposing a green maintenance model in order to analyses the effects of influential criteria on the environment and green maintenance index, using system dynamics method. Advances in Environmental Biology. 7 (11): 3529-3534.
Hodges, C.P. 2005. A facility manager’s approach to sustainability. Journal of Facilities Management. 3 (4): 312-324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14725960510630498
Lai, J.H.K. 2010. Operation and maintenance budgeting for commercial buildings in Hong Kong. Construction Management and Economics. 28(4): 415-427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190903365665
Nilashi, M., Zakaria, R., Ibrahim, O., Majid, M.Z.A., Mohamad Zin, R., Chugtai, M.W., et al. 2015. A knowledge-based expert system for assessing the performance level of green buildings. Knowledge-Based Systems. 86: 194-209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.06.009
Chew, M.Y.L., Conejos, S., and Asmone, A.S. 2017. Developing a research framework for the green maintainability of buildings. Facilities. 35(1–2): 39-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/F-08-2015-0059
Moriarty, J. 2011. Qualitative methods overview.
Haradhan, M. 2018. Qualitative Research Methodology in Social Sciences and Related Subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People. 7(1): 23-48.
McCusker, K. and Gunaydin, S. 2015. Research using qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods and choice based on the research. Perfusion. 30 (7): 537-542. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0267659114559116
Lewis, S. 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Health promotion practice.16(4):473-475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839915580941
Tewfik, M. and Ali, M.M. 2014.Public green buildings in Jordan. Eur. Int. J. Sci. Technol. 3: 284-300.
Kallio, H., Pietilä, A.M., Johnson, M., and Kangasniemi, M. 2016.Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 72(12): 2954-2965. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13031
Salmons, J. 2014. Qualitative online interviews: Strategies, design, and skills. Sage Publications .
Agistiawati, E., Asbari, M., Basuki, S., Yuwono, T., Chidir, G., Mustofa, et al. 2020. Three methods of qualitative data analysis sing ATLAS . Exploring the Impact of Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Culture on Teacher Innovation Capability: 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-4840
Kalpokaite, N. and Radivojevic, I. 2020. Teaching qualitative data analysis software online: a comparison of face-to-face and e-learning ATLAS.ti courses. International Journal of Research and Method in Education. 43(3): 296-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2019.1687666
Friese, S. 2019. Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS. ti. Sage .
Marshall, B., Cardon, P., Poddar, A., and Fontenot, R. 2013. Does sample size matter in qualitative research?: A review of qualitative interviews in is research. Journal of Computer Information Systems. 54 (1): 11-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2013.11645667
Al-Najjar, E., Sukor, N.S.A., and Shbeeb, L.I. 2022. Addressing safety issues along the way to school: Qualitative findings from Jerash camp, Jordan. Journal of Transport and Health.26 : 101370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2022.101370
Rai, N. and Thapa, B. 2015. A study on purposive sampling method in research. Kathmandu:Kathmandu School of Law.5: 1–12.
Malterud, K., Siersma, V.D., and Guassora, A.D. 2016. Sample Size in Qualitative Interview Studies: Guided by Information Power. Qualitative Health Research. 26 (13): 1753-1760. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315617444
Crouch, M. and McKenzie, H. 2006. The logic of small samples in interview-based qualitative research. Social Science Information. 45 (4): 483-499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018406069584
Saldaña, J. 2014. Coding and analysis strategies. in: Oxford Handb. Qual. Res. 581–598 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199811755.013.001
Breen, R.L. 2006. A practical guide to focus-group research. Journal of Geography in Higher Education. 30 (3): 463-475.mDOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03098260600927575
Guest, G., Namey, E., and McKenna, K. 2017. How many focus groups are enough? Building an evidence base for nonprobability sample sizes. Field Methods. 29 (1): 3-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X16639015
Ose, S.O. 2016. Using Excel and Word to Structure Qualitative Data. Journal of Applied Social Science. 10 (2): 147–162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1936724416664948
Pietilä, A. M., Nurmi, S. M., Halkoaho, A., & Kyngäs, H. 2020. Qualitative research: Ethical considerations. The application of content analysis in nursing science research.49-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30199-6_6
Li, S., Lu, Y., Kua, H.W., and Chang, R. 2020. The economics of green buildings: A life cycle cost analysis of non-residential buildings in tropic climates. Journal of Cleaner Production. 252: 119771. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119771
Gan, V.J.L., Lo, I.M.C., Ma, J., Tse, K.T., Cheng, J.C.P., and Chan, C.M. 2020. Simulation optimisation towards energy efficient green buildings: Current status and future trends. Journal of Cleaner Production. 254: 120012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120012
Magno, M., Polonelli, T., Benini, L., and Popovici, E. 2014. A low cost, highly scalable wireless sensor network solution to achieve smart LED light control for green buildings. IEEE Sensors Journal. 15 (5): 2963-2973. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2014.2383996
Shafii, F. 2008. Status of sustainable building in South-East Asia. Report prepared for SB08 Melbourne.
Di Foggia, G. 2018. Energy efficiency measures in buildings for achieving sustainable development goals. Heliyon. 4 (11): e00953. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00953
Shen, W., Tang, W., Siripanan, A., Lei, Z., Duffield, C.F., Wilson, D., et al. 2017. Critical success factors in Thailand’s green building industry. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 16 (2) : 317-324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.16.317
Azizi, M.S., Fassman, E., and Wilkinson, S. 2011. Risks associated in implementation of green buildings. Auckland, New Zealand: Department of Civil Environmental Engineering.
Wu, X., Lin, B., Papachristos, G., Liu, P., and Zimmermann, N. 2020. A holistic approach to evaluate building performance gap of green office buildings: A case study in China. Building and Environment. 17 :106819. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106819
Ross, B., López-Alcalá, M., and Small, A.A. 2007. Modeling the private financial returns from green building investments. Journal of Green Building. 2 (1): 97-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.2.1.97
Zulkifly, U.K.Z., Zakaria, N., and Mohd-Danuri, M.S. 2021. The adoption of total productive maintenance (Tpm) concept for maintenance procurement of green buildings in Malaysia. International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology. 12 (1): 40-55.DOI:https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2021.12.01.005
Alsharif, R. 2019. Obstacles to Green Buildings Implementation: 0-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34491.16161