SEDIMENTATION AND WAVE ATTENUATION BY Avicennia marina MANGROVES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL PROTECTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/aej.v14.20795Keywords:
Sedimentation, mangroves, Avicennia marina, energy, wavesAbstract
Mangrove ecosystems protect coastlines from abrasion and erosion, attenuate strong sea breezes, and bind sediments periodically. A mangrove ecosystem can be set up to be a coastal building capable of breaking and reducing natural waves, but only through certain calculation methods, so that it serves as a solution by being an environmentally friendly breakwater alternative for sustainable coastal development. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of sedimentation by Avicennia marina mangroves on wave attenuation. Spot-check, transect-squared, and laboratory test methods were employed in this research. The wave data measurement performed using with SBE 26 and RBRDuo T.D. The measurement was performed at five stations at distances of 3 m, 5 m, 10 m, 20 m, and 50 m. The wave attenuation at the 5 stations was 49.5%, 53.8%, 82.9%, 91.4%, and 92.3% with grain diameters of 19.36%, 19.75%, 19.87%, 21%, and 27%. The higher the wave attenuation percentage, the lower the grain diameter percentage, and vice versa. When the waves came, the energy was so large that all the large particles of the sediment in the sea were carried back to the mangrove ecosystem, and when the waves left, the energy released was so small that only the small particles were carried back to the sea. The conclusion is that the diameter percentage of mangrove sediment is related to the percentage of wave attenuation. The higher the wave attenuation percentage is, the smaller the grain diameter percentage will be.
References
Safe’i, R., R.N. Sari., D. Iswandaru, F. S. Latumahina, I. Taskirawati, and H. Kaskoyo. 2021. Biodiversity and site quality as indicators of mangrove forest health Pasir Sakti, Indonesia. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology Journal. 25(2): 4400-4410.
DOI: https://annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/1461
Arifin, M.Y., N. Soenardjo, and C.A. Suryono. 2019. Relationship between Suspended Sediment Deposition and Mangrove Density in Romokalisari Waters, Surabaya. Journal of Marine Research. 8(4): 355-360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v8i4.24850
Martuti, N.K.T, D.L. Setyowati, and S.B. Nugraha. 2018. Mangrove Ecosystems. Semarang: UNNES.
Marfai, M.A., T. Sarastika, E. Trihatmoko, R. Rahantan, P. Sarihati, and Suriadi. 2018. Small Island Ecosystem and Supportability Assessment: Pari Island Case Research. Yogyakarta: UGM Press.
Yuliasamaya, A. Darmawan, R. Hilmanto. 2014. Small Island Ecosystem and Supportability Assessment: Pari Island Case Research. Jurnal Sylva Lestari. 2(3): 111-124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl32111-124
Vinh, B.T., and N.H. Nguyen. 2012. Erosion Mechanism of Nga Bay Riverbanks, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. ASEAN Engineering Journal Part C. 3(2): 132-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/aej.v3.15530
Dwi, A.A.N., A. Fithria and Kissinger. 2021. Mangrove Forest Development Strategy in Jorong Sub-district, Tanah Laut District, South Kalimantan Regency. Jurnal Hutan Tropis. 9(1): 88-93. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v9i1.10476
Setiawan, A., 2022. Keanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia: Masalah dan Upaya Konservasinya. Indonesian Journal of Conservation. 11(1): 13 21. DOI: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/ijc/article/view/3453 2/13090
Nababan, E,J,K. 2016. Social Capital in Mangrove Forest Management and Preservation in Labuhan Maringgai District, East Lampung Regency. Skripsi. Bandar Lampung: Universitas Lampung. DOI: http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/1872/1/1158
Herison, A., F. Yulianda, C. Kusmana, I.W. Nurjaya, and L. Adrianto. 2014. Social Capital in Mangrove Forest Management and Preservation in Labuhan Maringgai District, East Lampung Regency. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmiah Asia. 7(2): 162-175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajsr.2014.162.175
Hadi, A., D. Wahyuni, N. Safitri, N.R. Jannah, M. Gifari, and S.S. Febrianti. 2021. Mangrove Land Rehabilitation as a Natural Disaster Mitigation Strategy in Seriwe Village, Jerowaru District, West Nusa Tenggara. Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA. 5(1): 45-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jpmpi.v5i1.1285
Herison, A., D.G. Bengen, Y. Romdania, A. Zakaria, H.N. Luthfiyani, M.R. Al Safar, and F.D. Arief. 2023. The Concept of Sustainable Development with the Mangrove Avicennia Marina As a Reductor of Wave Energy. ASEAN Engineering Journal. 13(2): 165-174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/aej.V13.19274
Long, R.D., Charles, A., and Stephenson, R.L., 2015. Key principles of marine ecosystem-based management. Marine Policy, 57, 53–60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.01.013
Paputungan, M.S., Koropitan, A.F., Prartono, T., and Lubis, A.A., 2017. Sediment Accumulation Profile in Mangrove Restoration Area of Lembar Bay-Lombok Island. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 9(1): 301 313. DOI: https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jurnalikt/article/view/17943
Aritonang, S.H., Siregar, Y.I., and Nurrachmi, I., 2022. Vertical Distribution of Nitrate, Phosphate, and Abundance of Planktonic Diatoms in Pandan Waters, Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatra. Journal of Coastal and Ocean Sciences. 3(1): 2746–4512. DOI: https://jocos.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/jocos/article/view/ 47 /60
Herison, A., Y. Romdania., D G Bengen and M.R. Al Safar. 2017. Contribution of Avicennia Marina Mangrove to Wave Reduction for the Importance of Abrasion As an Alternative To Coastal Buildings. International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering. 4(6): 21-26 DOI: https://iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/13-425-1518090 12626-31.pdf
Panitia Teknik Bahan Konstruksi Bangunan dan Rekayasa Sipi. 2008. (SNI 3423:2008). Test Method for Soil Grain Size Analysis. Badan Standarisasi Nasional Indonesia
Achmad, F. R., C. Ikhsan, and Suyanto. 2017. Shear Stress Analysis on Wonosari Sudetan Bengawan Solo River. Matriks Teknik Sipil 5(36): 289–96. DOI : https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/matriks/article/view/36970/0
Shields, A. 1936. Application of similarity mechanics and turbulence research to bedload motion; In Mitteilungen der Preussischen Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau und Schiffbau. Heft 26.
Kementerian PUPR. 2022. River Hydrology and Hydraulics. Flood Control Trainer Module. 1–63.
Masruroh, L. and Insafitri, I., 2020. Pengaruh Jenis Substrat Terhadap Kerapatan Vegetasi Avicennia Marina di Kabupaten Gresik. Juvenil:Jurnal Ilmiah Kelautan dan Perikanan, 1(2): 151–159. DOI: https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/juvenil/article/view/7569
Khairunnisa, C., E. Thamrin and H. Prayogo. 2020. Keanekaragaman Jenis Vegetasi Mangrove di Desa Dusun Besar Kecamatan Pulau Maya Kabupaten Kayong Utara. Jurnal Hutan Lestari, 8(2): 13-16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/pangabdhi.v6i1.6909
Vanoni, V.A. 1975. Sedimentation Engineering. ASCE Manual No. 54. DOI: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/book/10.1061/9780784408230
Herison, A., Bengen, D. G., Putra, A. D., Romdania, Y., & Arief, F. D. 2024. Effects of Avicennia Marina Mangrove Sedimentation on Wave Attenuation. Jurnal Teknologi, 86(2): 9–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.19492