The Use of Documentary Film Text in Developing Arabic Writing Skills: What the Experts Say
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/lspi.v4n2.56Keywords:
Writing, strategies, task environment background knowledge, composing processAbstract
Documentary film is a language input which is based on writing skills since it consists of the introduction to subject, presentation of ideas, and conclusion of subject. Many studies have highlighted the linguistic, informational, and pedagogical purposes of documentary film in language classrooms as the processing of written texts is required before the production of a documentary film. Although documentary film has a strong relationship with writing skills and having access to these authentic materials are very easy, some educators ignore these authentic inputs. Thus this paper investigates the importance of using documentary film in enhancing the learning of Arabic as a second language with specific focus on writing skills. In addition, this paper examines local experts’ views on the utilization of documentary film in the Arabic as a second language classroom. A set of questionnaire with both open and closed-ended questions were distributed among twelve experts in the field of Arabic as a second language in Malaysian public universities. Feedbacks from the experts were collected and analyzed. The findings indicated strong recommendations from Arabic language experts in Malaysia. Among the recommendations are the types of documentary films to be utilized, the categories of writing skills that can be developed, and the appropriate instructional techniques to be used in the classroom. In general, this study hopes to contribute to the field of Arabic teaching language skills to non-native speakers and a useful reference for curriculum designers, ministry officials, textbook authors, and teachers.References
Abd Al Bariy, M. S. 2010. Al Maharat Al Kitabiyyah Min An Nash’at Ila At Tadris. 1st Edition. Amman: Dar Al Masirah Li An Nashri Wa Al Tauzi’ Wa Al Tiba’ah.
Alnufaie, M., & Grenfell, M. 2012. EFL Students’ Writing Strategies in Saudi Arabian ESP Writing Classes: Perspectives on Learning Strategies in Self-Access Language Learning. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal. 3(4): 407-422.
Amaya-Anderson, B. 2008. Film in Composition: Developing Critical Thinking Skills Through the Study of Film in First-Year Composition. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Pennsylvania: Indiana University of Pennsylvania.
Anggraini, Y., Yasin, A., & Radjab, D. 2014. Improving Students’s Writing Skill of Narrative Text Through Video at Grade XII IPA 2 of SMAN 2 Bukittinggi. Journal English Language Teaching. 2(2): 78-92.
As-Sayyed, M. N. A. A. 2006. Lughatu Al Khitob Al I’lamiyy fi Dhouk Nazoriah Al Ittisoliah, Dirasah Uslubiyyah Lughawiyyah fi Nasyarat Al Akhbar Al Iza’iyyah. 1st Edition. Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi Publishing.
Atiyyah, M. A. 2007. Tadris Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyyah Fi Dhou’ Al-Kifayah Al-Adaiyyah. 1st Edition. Amman: Dar Al-Manahij li An-Nasr wa At-Tauzi’.
Aufderheide, P. 2007. Documentary Film a Very Short Introduction. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Bahrani, T. 2013. Importance of Language Input in Language Learning. International Researh Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences. 6(10): 1376-1379.
Baratta, A., & Jones, S. 2008. Using Film to Introduce and Develop Academic Writing Skills Among UK Undergraduate Students. Journal of Education Enquiry. 5(2): 15-37.
Berk, R. A. 2009. Multimedia Teaching with Video Clips: TV, Movies, Youtube, and MTVU in the College Classroom. International Journal of Technology in Teaching and Learning. 5(1): 1-12.
Bernardo, A. S. 2011. Reading What’s Beyond the Textbooks: Documentary Films as Student Projects in College Reading Courses. ELT WorldOnline.com. 3, September, 1–12.
Bilal, A. A. 2013. Al Film at Tasjiliyy at Tilifizyuniyy Min Al Fikrah Ila As Syasyah. 1st Edition. Damascus: Al Hai’ah Al ‘Ammah as Suriah li Al Kitab.
Creswell, J. W. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. 4th Edition. New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education International.
Etikan, I, Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. 2016. Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics. 5(1): 1-4.
Flower, L., & Hayes, J. R. 1981. A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing. College Composition and Communication. 32(4): 365-387.
Haris, H. & Abdullah, S. 2013. The Use of Documentary Video to Teach Writing News Item Text to the Tenth Grade Students in SMAN 4 Bangkalan Hasan Haris. Journal RETAIN Universitas Negeri Surabaya. 1(3): 1-9.
Hassan Basri, A. M. D. 2011. Teaching Writing News Item Text through Documentary Video at the Tenth Grade of SMA N1 Kaliwungu Kendal in the Academic Year of 2010-2011. Education Faculty. Unpublished Bachelor Thesis. Semarang: Walisongo State Institute for Islamic Studies.
Hutahaean, E. N. F., & Ernidawati, T. 2013. Improving Students’ Writing Achievement in the Report Text through Film. Journal of English Language Teaching of FBS-Unimed. 2(4): 1-16.
Indrasari, N. 2010. Improving Students’ Writing Skill of Narrative Texts by Using Short Videos. Unpublished Bachelor Thesis. Teacher Training and Eduation Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.
Jeremiah, M. A. 1987. Using Television News and Documentaries for Writing Instruction. 38th Conference on College Composition and Communication. March 1987: 1-13.
Joynt, R. E. 2008. Using Authentic Multi-media Material to Teach Italian Culture: Student Opinions and Beliefs. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Austin: The University of Texas.
Kasper, L. F. 2000. The Imagery of Rhetoric : Film And Academic Writing in the Discipline-based ESL Course. Teaching English in the Two-Year College. 28(1): 52-59.
Krashen, S. D. 1985. The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications. (n.d) London: Longman Group.
Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. 1998. A Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning: Implications for Design Principles. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Los Angeles, (18-23 April 1998). 1–11.
Mayer, R. E., Heiser, J. & Lonn, S. 2001. Cognitive Constraints on Multimedia Learning: When Presenting More Material Results in Less Understanding. Journal of Educational Psychology. 93(1): 187-198.
Mohamed, A. H., Hussaini, M. H. 2011. Kifayah Al-Kitabah Lada Hirriji Al-Jami’aat Al-Mahalliyyah Al-Maliziyyah: Dirasah An Wijhat An-Nazar Muhadhiri Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyyah. Prosiding Seminar Antarabangsa Pengajaran Bahasa Arab 2011 (SAPBA’11).
Morley, H. J., & Lawrence, M. S. 1971. The Use of Films in Teaching English as a Second Language. Language Learning. 21(1): 101-103.
Oxford, R. L. 1990. Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. 1st Edition. New York: Newbury House Publisher.
Peacock, M. 1997. The Effect of Authentic Materials on the Motivation of EFL Learners. ELT Journal. 51(2): 144-156.
Popping, R. 2015. Analyzing Open-ended Questions by Means of Text Analysis Procedures. Bulletin of Sociological Methodology. 128(1): 23-39.
Reja, U., Manfreda, K. L., & Hlebec, V. 2003. Open-ended Vs Close-ended Questions in Web Questionnaires. Developments in Applied Statistics. 19(1): 160-117.
Rohman, M. 2014. The Effectiveness of Using Documentary Films to Teach Written Report Text. Unpublished Bachelor Thesis. Education Faculty, Walisongo State Institute for Islamic Studies.
Shin, J., & Cho, E. 2015. Characteristics of Convergence Learning Experience Using an Educational Documentary Film. Asia Pacific Education Review. 16(2): 213-223.
Snow, Z. 2012. The Cinematic Essay: Argumenative Writing and Documentary Film. Unpublished Masters of Arts English, Clemson University.
Soong, D. 2012. Using Documentary Films in Oral Interpretation Class What is the Appropriate Length? International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature. 1(6): 131-141.
Toiemah, R. A. 1998. Al-Usus Al-‘Ammah Limanahij Taa’lim Muhadhiri Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyyah: I’daduha Tatwiruha Taqwimuha. 1st Edition. Cairo: Dar Al-Fikr Al-‘Arabiyy.
Tg Ainul Farha, T. A. R., Abdul Rahman, C, Muhammad Sabri, S. & Mohd Shukri, N. 2017. A Review of Documentary Film as Authentic Input in Enhanching Writing Skills in ASL Settings, Journal of Nusantara Studies. 2 (1): 99-110.
Tristy, R. T. 2010. Improving Students’ Skill in Writing Report Text with All About Animals VCD. Unpublished Master Thesis. Faculty Languages and Arts, Semarang State University.
Verdinelli, S., & Scagnoli, N. I. 2013. Data Display in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 12(1): 359-381.