EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATED CURING WATER ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE PREPARED FOR BRIDGE SUB-STRUCTURES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v30.15722Keywords:
Crude oil, compressive strength, concrete, contaminated environment, sub-structuresAbstract
In this study aggregate characteristics were studies and the cylindrical concrete
specimens were prepared at the mix ratio of 1: 1½: 3 and cured in curing water of 0%, 5%, 10%,
15%, 20%, 25% and 30% contamination with crude oil. The compressive strengths of the
concrete specimens were evaluated at the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th and 56th day age, split tensile
strengths and flexural strengths of the specimens were evaluated at the 7th and 28th day age. The
strength properties evaluated increased with increase in age and decreased with increase in
percentage contamination of the curing water with crude oil. Concrete specimens cured with
portable water containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% of crude oil contamination
satisfied the minimum 28 days compressive strength. The research therefore concludes that
concrete bridge sub structures exposed to crude oil contaminated environment should be
monitored and maintained regularly.
References
AASHTO T85 (2013). Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse
Aggregate. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
Washington D.C. http://www.transportation.org/T85
AASHTO M80 (2013). Standard Specification for Coarse Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Washington
D.C. http://www.transportation.org/M80
AASHTO M6 (2013). Standard Specification for Fine Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. WashingtonD.C.
http://www.transfortation.org/M6
AASHTO T27 (2015). Standard Specification for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregate.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Washington
D.C. http://www.transfortation.org/T27
ACI 308.1 (2011). Specification for Curing Concrete. American Concrete Institute.
http://www.concrete .org/308.1
ACI 301 (2005). Specification for Structural Concrete. American Concrete Institute.
http://www.concrete .org/301
ASTM D1298-12b (2012). Standard test method for density, relative density, or API gravity of
crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products by hydrometer method. ASTM
international, west Conshohocken, P.A. http://www.artm.org/D1298 DOI:10. 1520/
D1298-12B
ASTM C150/C150M-16E1 (2016). Standard Specifications for Portland Cement. ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, P.A. http://www.artm.org/C150 DOI:10. 1520/
CO150-C0150M-16
ASTM D2892 (2016). Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-theoretical
plate column). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, P.A.
ASTM D8056 (2016). Standard Guide for Elemental Analysis of Crude Oil. ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, P.A. http://www.astm.org/D8056.
DOI:10.1520/D8056-16
ASTM C136/C136M (2015). Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregate. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, P.A. http://www.Astm.org/CI36
ASTM C1602/C1602M (2012). Standard Specification for Mixing Water used in Production of
Hydraulic Cement Concrete of Fine and Coarse Aggregate. ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, P.A. http://www.Astm.org/C1602
ASTM C39/C39M (2017). Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, P.A.
ASTM C78/C78M (2016). Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (using
simple beam with third-point loading). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, P.A.
ASTM C496/C496M-17 (2017). Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, P.A.
Blaszczynski T.Z, (2011). The Influence of Crude Oil Products on R.C Structure Destruction.
Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, Vol. 17(1), Pp. 146 – 150.
DOI:10.3846/13923730.2011.561522.
Ejeh, S.P., and Uche, O.A.U., Effect of Crude Oil Spill on Compressive Strength of Concrete
Materials, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, vol. 5(10), 2009, Pp. 1756-1761.
FDOT (2010). Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. Florida Department of
Transportation, Tallahassee, Florida. http://www.dot. state.fl.us. http://www.
fdot.gov/construction.
Gupta, B.L and Gupta A., Highway and Bridge Engineeringâ€, 3rd Edition, Standard Publishers,
New Delhi, India, 2010, ISBN: 81-8014-061-41.
Gupta, B.L and Gupta A., Roads, Railways, Bridges, Tunnels and Habour Dock Engineering. 5th
Edition, Standard Publishes, New Delhi India. 2009, ISBN: 81-8014-009-1.
Hamad, B.S., Rteil, A.A., and El-Fadel, M., Effect of used Engine Oil on Properties of Fresh and
Hardened Concreteâ€. Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 17(5), 2003, Pp. 311-318.
DOI: 10.1016/50950 – 0818 (03) 00002-3.
Osuji S.O., and Nwankwo E., Effect of Crude Oil Contamination of the Compressive Strength of
Concrete. Nigerian Journal of Technology, Vol. 34 (2), 2015, Pp. 259 – 265. DOI:
4314/njt.V341i2.7 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.V34i2.7.
PCA EB233 (2005). Guide Specification for High Performance Concrete for Bridges, 1st
Edition, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois, USA. ISBN: 0-89312- 245-9
Wasiu O.A, Olusola S.O., Gabriel A.A., and Oluwale A.A., Effect of Crude Oil Impacted Sand
on Compressive Strength of Concreteâ€. Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 26.
, Pp. 9 – 12, www.elgerier.com/ locate/conbuildmet.
WSDOT M23-50 (2016). Bridge Design Manual. Washington State Department of
Transportation, Washington D.C USA. www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications.
WSDOT M46-01 (2016). Concrete Structures. Washington State Department of Transportation,
Washington D.C USA. www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications.
